chapter_4.tex

%   Filename    : chapter_4.tex 
\chapter{Results and Discussions}

This chapter discusses the identified main features of the web application, including dashboards for students and teachers, display of pretest and posttest passages and taking quizzes in Student portal, and display of section or class details and student profile in Teacher portal. Additionally, the Student portal includes functionalities such as audio recording, speech-to-text transcription, and miscue detection  (insertion, deletion, and substitution).

For localized management of data---of teachers and students in a single school, a dedicated Administration portal was developed. The Administration portal is accessible to the school's assigned administrator. It supports essential functionalities such as viewing, adding, modifying, and removing sections, teachers, and students data. A school administrator is capable of modifying school details as well.

These features were implemented in the application and will be discussed in detail in the following sections.

\section{User Interface}

% ADDED REVISION
\subsection{Login Screen}
As the application starts, the first screen that is displayed is the \textit{Welcome} screen shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.1}. The \textit{Welcome} screen asks the user if they would like to log in as a student or a teacher. If the user is a student, they should click the ``Student'' button and be directed to the \textit{Login} screen for students, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.2}. If the user is a teacher, they should click the ``Teacher'' button and be directed to the \textit{Login} screen for teachers. A school administrator may start logging into the Administrator portal by clicking the ``as Administrator'' button at the bottom of the \textit{Welcome} screen.

\begin{figure}[!h]
    \centering
    \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/general/Fig4-1-Welcome_page.png}}
    \caption{Welcome Screen.}
    \label{fig:4.1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
    \centering
    \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-2-Student_Login.png}}
    \caption{Login Screen for users.}
    \label{fig:4.2}
\end{figure}

\newpage
The login screens for students, teachers, and administrators are the same, where the user should provide their email address and password on the respective fields. For students with no existing account, they need to contact their teacher so that the teacher can request the assigned school administrator to add them as users. Students must provide their email address and password. However, due to the possible unfamiliarity of the students with regards to creating an email account, it is recommended that the email account of the students will be created with the assistance of their guardians. Once their email accounts are created, the guardians shall send their email address to the respective teacher. Passwords are automatically created from the Administrator portal.

After clicking the ``Login'' button and the login is successful, the user is directed to their respective dashboard or home screen: the \textit{Student’s Dashboard} screen or the \textit{Teacher’s Dashboard} screen.

% \begin{figure}[h!]
%     \centering
%     \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/te/Fig4-3-Login-Teachers.png}}
%     \caption{Login Page for teachers.}
%     \label{fig:4.3}
% \end{figure}

% \subsection{Sign in Screen}

% \begin{figure}[h]
%     \centering
%     \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/general/Fig4-4-Login-Admin.png}}
%     \caption{Sign in Page for admins.}
%     \label{fig:4.4}
% \end{figure}

% \hfill\break
% New teacher users need to Sign in to create an account. They are required to provide requested information in the fields, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.4}. After filling in the information, the users can click the \textit{Sign in} button to proceed. Then, they will be directed to the \textit{Teacher’s Dashboard Screen}.


\subsection{Student’s Dashboard Screen}

% ADDED REVISION
Figure \ref{fig:4.3} welcomes the students to their \textit{Dashboard} screen, which contains the ``Take PRETEST'' and ``Take POSTTEST'' buttons. If students wish to take the pretest, they can click the ``Take PRETEST'' button, which will direct them to the \textit{Pretest} screen. Students will not be able to take the posttest unless they have first completed the pretest and were allowed by the teacher by making the ``Take POSTTEST'' button accessible. The accessibility of the ``Take POSTTEST'' button is controlled by the teacher. Meanwhile, if they have already taken the pretest and the teacher allows the students to take the posttest, they can click the ``Take POSTTEST'' button, which directs them to the \textit{Posttest} screen.

\begin{figure}[!h]
    \centering
    \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-1-Student_Dashboard.png}}
    \caption{Student’s Dashboard Screen.}
    \label{fig:4.3}
\end{figure}

After completing the tests, a summary of the results will be displayed in the student's dashboard under ``Your Pretest Profile'' and ``Your Posttest Profile,'' which will show the word reading score, comprehension score, and reading rate.

To log out of the application, the student can click the ``Logout'' button at the upper right corner of the screen.


\subsection{Pretest and Posttest Screen}

The students will take the Pretest and Posttest to determine their oral reading profile. Figure \ref{fig:4.4} shows the ``Title'' screen which includes the title of a passage, and a short reading instruction. When the student is ready to take the test, they shall click the ``Start'' button. The appropriate passage text for their grade level will then be displayed on the screen, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.5}. The recording begins once the student clicks the recording button in the bottom left corner. While recording, a recording sign will appear at the bottom left corner of the screen in Figure \ref{fig:4.6} to indicate recording progress. The student should read the passage aloud while the recording is in progress.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-3-Passage_Title.png}}
  \caption{Title Screen of Passage for Pretest and Posttest.}
  \label{fig:4.4}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-4-Passage_Reading_Start.png}}
  \caption{Passage for Pretest and Posttest before recording.}
  \label{fig:4.5}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-5-Passage_Reading_Recording.png}}
  \caption{Passage for Pretest and Posttest during recording.}
  \label{fig:4.6}
\end{figure}

\newpage
Once finished, the student can save the recording by clicking the ``Save'' button at the bottom left corner of the screen. The student shall then take the quiz by clicking the ``Take Quiz'' button at the bottom right corner of the screen, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.7}. Clicking this button directs the student to either the \textit{Pretest Quiz} screen or the \textit{Posttest Quiz} screen.

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-6-Passage_Reading_Done.png}}
  \caption{Passage for Pretest and Posttest after recording.}
  \label{fig:4.7}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig:4.8} displays the interfaces for the \textit{Pretest Quiz} screen and  \textit{Posttest Quiz} screen. At the top of the screen, the type of quiz and passage title are displayed. Below the title, the questions and multiple-choice options are presented. To select an answer for each question, students should click the radio button that corresponds to their answer. A scroll bar is provided to navigate the screen downward and upward, and to view other questions. When the student finishes answering the quiz, they can click the ``Submit'' button at the bottom of the screen. This saves their answers to the database and directs them to the \textit{Pretest Quiz Results} screen or \textit{Posttest Quiz Results} screen.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-7-Take_Quiz_filled.png}}
  \caption{Quiz Screen for Pretest and Posttest.}
  \label{fig:4.8}
\end{figure}

Figures \ref{fig:4.9} illustrates the \textit{Quiz Results} screen for pretest and posttest. It displays the student's score after taking the quiz. When all test data is saved successfully to the database, the ``Return Home'' button becomes available. Clicking the ``Return Home'' button takes the student back to the \textit{Dashboard} screen.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/students/Fig4-8-Quiz_Results.png}}
  \caption{Quiz Results Screen for Pretest and Posttest.}
  \label{fig:4.9}
\end{figure}


\newpage
\subsection{Teacher’s Dashboard Screen}
Figure \ref{fig:4.10} displays similar welcome message on the \textit{Teacher’s Dashboard Screen}. This screen consists of a summary of sections handled by the teacher (located below the teacher’s name) and the ``Passage Accessibility'' section.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/teachers/Fig4-1-Teacher_Dashboard.png}}
  \caption{Teacher’s Dashboard Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.10}
\end{figure}

The table on the screen contains the summary of the sections handled by the teacher. The summary includes: the total number of students who took the pretest and posttest, and the total number of students for every section. Teachers also have the option to view the complete details of a class or section by clicking the ``View'' button, which directs them to the \textit{Class Section Details} screen.
% Additionally, teachers can add students to a specific class section by clicking the “Add student” button.

% In the Summary of Students section, teachers can search for a specific student by typing their name in the search bar. The results will show a list of students that matched the search input, along with their grade level and section name. This feature helps teachers quickly locate a specific student in their class.


\subsection{Class Section Details Screen}

The \textit{Class Section Details} screen in Figure \ref{fig:4.11} displays all necessary information about a particular class handled by a teacher. At the top of the screen is the Grade level and the Class section name. The screen is divided into three sections: the ``Result Summary'' located at the top, followed by ``Section Information'' and ``List of Students.''

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/teachers/Fig4-2-Section_Details.png}}
  \caption{Class Section Details Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.11}
\end{figure}

The ``Result Summary'' section displays the number of students who obtained a specific oral reading profile level (both in pretest and posttest). The profile levels are frustration, instructional, and independent. This provides an overview of the number of students who needs additional support and intervention to improve their reading skills.

The ``Section Information'' section shows the region of the school, school name, grade level, section name, and the total number of students in the class. 

Lastly, the ``List of Students'' section presents a list of students belonging to a particular class section. The list includes the students' name and corresponding pretest and posttest profiles. If a student has not taken a pretest and/or posttest, ``TBA'' or ``To be assessed'' is displayed to indicate that the student needs to be assessed for the particular test. The teacher may further view each student's profile by clicking the ``View'' button, which directs them to the \textit{Student Profile} screen.

Figure \ref{fig:4.12} displays the profile of each student. The ``Student Profile'' screen shows important information such as student’s name, grade level, and pretest and posttest results. The ``Pretest'' and ``Posttest'' sections both show an overview of the test results and data inputs of the students.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/teachers/Fig4-3-Student_Profile.png}}
  \caption{Student Profile screen.}
  \label{fig:4.12}
\end{figure}

The ``Overview'' section displays the passage title, the date when the quiz was taken, and specific details for the oral reading profile of a student: word reading score (number of miscues, percentage, profile level), comprehension scores (quiz score, percentage, profile level), and  reading rate.

The ``Data'' section displays a comparison of correct inputs and student inputs. The passage text (reference text) is displayed alongside the speech transcription of the student to aid analysis of teacher. Consequently, correct quiz answers are shown alongside the student quiz answers to aid teachers in identifying items where students answer well or poorly. This will help the teacher assess the effectiveness and reliability of the system in identifying reading miscues.


%%%%
\subsection{Administrator's Dashboard Screen}
Figure \ref{fig:4.14} welcomes the administrator to their \textit{Dashboard} screen, which contains two parts: the ``Sections'' and ``Teachers.'' The ``Sections'' part shows all the sections in a school. A table displays the grade levels, section name, section's identification string (ID), and the total number of students registered to certain section.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-01-Dashboard.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's Dashboard Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.14}
\end{figure}

The administrator can add a section by clicking the ``Add Section'' button at the lower left part of the ``Sections.'' This will direct them to the \textit{Add Section} screen. The administrator can also remove a section by clicking the ``Remove'' button at the right side of each row. Furthermore, they can view the master list or class list of a section by clicking the ``View class list'' button beside the ``Remove'' button. This will direct them to the \textit{Class List} screen.

The ``Teachers'' part shows the list of teachers who are trained assessors in the school. A table displays the teacher's name, email address, and teacher ID. The teacher ID was generated when the teacher was added. The administrator can add a teacher by clicking the ``Add teacher'' button, which will direct them to the \textit{Add Teacher} screen.

%%%%
\subsection{Administrator's Add Section Screen}
Figure \ref{fig:4.15} displays the \textit{Add Section} screen, which contains a form asking for the section details. The administrator is required to provide the following details for a section in the respective fields: grade level, section name, total number of students, and the assigned Teacher. In the ``Assigned Teacher'' field, the administrator should provide the teacher's ID of the teacher. By clicking the ``Create section'' button, the form will be submitted and the data will be saved to the database.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-02-AddSection.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's Add Section Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.15}
\end{figure}

\newpage
\subsection{Administrator's Class List Screen}
Figure \ref{fig:4.16} displays the list of students within a section. It includes the student's name, email address, password, and student ID. The password is only shown to the administrator as they are responsible for sharing the student passwords to the assigned teachers. The ``Export as sheets (.xls)'' button at the lower left part of the screen allows the administrator to export and download the list of students as an Excel worksheet file format. The administrator will share the downloaded file to the assigned teachers.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-04-ClassList.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's View Class List Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.16}
\end{figure}

The administrator can view the student details by clicking the ``View'' button under the Actions column. This directs them to the \textit{View and Edit Student Data} screen, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.17}. They can update the student data by editing the details in the fields and by clicking the ``Update student'' button. They can also remove a student by clicking the ``Remove'' button. By removing a student, the student is removed from the section and their data is removed from the database.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-06-ViewAndEditStudentData.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's View and Edit Student Data Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.17}
\end{figure}

The administrator can also edit the section details by clicking the ``Edit section'' button in Figure \ref{fig:4.16}. This will take them to the \textit{Edit Section} screen, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.18}. They can update the section details by editing the details in the fields and by clicking the ``Update section'' button.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-05-EditSection.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's Edit Section Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.18}
\end{figure}

The ``Add student'' button at the upper right corner of the screen in Figure \ref{fig:4.16} enables the administrators to add a student in a section. Clicking the ``Add student'' button will direct them to the \textit{Add Student} screen, as shown in Figure \ref{fig:4.19}. The administrator should provide the necessary student details on the respective fields, such as first name, middle name, last name, grade level, section, sex, and email address. By clicking the ``Add student'' button, the form will be submitted and the data will be saved in the database. The list and details of students will be provided by the assigned teachers to the administrator to enroll the students in the application. Once the student is enrolled to the application, their details will be reflected and displayed on the teacher portal.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-07-AddStudent.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's Add Student Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.19}
\end{figure}

%%%%
\subsection{Administrator's Add Teacher Screen}
Figure \ref{fig:4.20} displays the \textit{Add Teacher} screen which enables the administrator to add a teacher to the school. The administrator should provide the necessary teacher details such as first name, middle name, last name, sex, and email address. By clicking the ``Add teacher'' button, the form will be submitted and the data will be saved in the database.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-03-AddTeacher.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's Add Teacher Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.20}
\end{figure}


%%%%
\subsection{Administrator's Settings Screen}
Figure \ref{fig:4.21} displays the \textit{Settings} screen, which includes the school details and a ``Logout'' button. The school details includes the following: the school name, school region, and school year. The administrator can update the school details by editing the details in the fields and by clicking the ``Update Data'' button. To log out of the application, the administrator can click the ``Logout'' button at the upper right corner of the screen.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
  \fbox{\includegraphics[width=.75\linewidth]{figures/ui_screens/admin/Admin-08-Settings.png}}
  \caption{Administrator's Settings Screen.}
  \label{fig:4.21}
\end{figure}


% \section{Manual Administration Process of Phil-IRI Oral Reading Test}
\section{Assessment Duration}
According to Mrs. Lourdes Lesyl Melchor, an English coordinator of Dumalag Central School, teachers dedicate approximately 10 minutes to assess a student for a single test. As a student reads the passage, the teacher records the speech and identifies the miscues made by the student. Afterward, the student takes a quiz related to the passage they just read. The teacher then checks the answers and calculates the student's comprehension score. Following that, the teacher computes the word reading score and reading rate, and determines the student's oral reading profile.

According to Senate Bill No. 541, also known as the Class Size and Conditions Act, the teacher-student ratio for elementary schools is 1:31 \cite{senatebill}. Considering this ratio, it would take about 310 minutes (10 minutes x 31 students) or 5.17 hours to complete a manual assessment test for one section. The pretest and posttest of Phil-IRI is conducted in the first and fourth quarters of the school year, respectively. Since the Phil-IRI is composed of a pretest and posttest, the total manual assessment duration can reach up to 620 minutes or 10.33 hours. The assessment process for one section takes about three to four weeks as they only conduct the assessments after class hours or during times for remedial.

On the other hand, as measured by the developers, an automated assessment can only have an average duration of 1.75-3.75 minutes for pretest and 1.92-3.27 minutes for posttest, for each student, as shown in Table \ref{tab:comparisonprocess}. The measured automated assessment process includes the logging in of students to the application, navigating through the dashboard, reading the passage title and instruction, reading the passage, taking the quiz, and viewing the quiz results. Considering the same teacher-student ratio, it would take only about 54.25-116.25 minutes or 0.91-1.94 hours for pretest and about 59.52-101.37 minutes or 0.99-1.69 hours for posttest.

\begin{table}[!h]
    \footnotesize
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{|p{1cm}|p{1.1cm}|p{7.2cm}|>{\raggedright}p{2.3cm}|p{2.1cm}|}
    \hline
    \textbf{Grade Level} & \textbf{Type of Test} &\textbf{Passage} & \textbf{Estimated Time of Manual Assessment Process} & \textbf{Estimated Time of Automated Assessment Process} \\
    \hline
    2 & Pretest & Pam has a cat.
    It is on the bed.
    It can nap. It can sit.
    “Oh no!” says Pam.
    “The cat fell off the bed!”
    Is the cat sad?
    No. It is on the mat. & \scriptsize{Reading: 45 seconds,\\ Quiz taking: 4 minutes, \\Total: 4 minutes and 45 seconds} & \scriptsize{1 minute and 45 seconds}\\
    \hline
    2 & Posttest & Bim-bim has a bib.
    It is from Tina.
    The bib is red.
    It is pretty.
    But the bib is big.
    Will this fit?
    “I will get a pin,” says Dad.
    “There. It fits!” & \scriptsize{Reading: 42 seconds,\\ Quiz taking: 4 minutes, \\Total: 4 minutes and 42 seconds} & \scriptsize{1 minute and 55 seconds}\\
    \hline
    6 & Pretest & \scriptsize{What makes us yawn? Yawning is something that we cannot control. Even in the mother’s womb, eleven-week-old babies have been observed to yawn. But why do we do it? One popular explanation for yawning is that a person may be tired or bored. Although many believe this to be true, it cannot explain why athletes yawn before an event or why dogs yawn before an attack. It is said that yawning is caused by a lack of oxygen and excess carbon dioxide. A good example of this is when we yawn in groups. We yawn because we are competing for air. Others even believe that we yawn to cool our brains off. Cool brains allow us to think more clearly so yawning is said to help us become more alert.} & \scriptsize{Reading: 1 minute and 30 seconds,\\ Quiz taking: 2 minutes and 30 seconds, \\Total: 4 minutes} & \scriptsize{3 minutes and 45 seconds}\\
    \hline
    6 & Posttest & \scriptsize{The pieces of rocks that come from outer space have three names: meteor, meteorite, and meteoroid. A meteoroid is a piece of matter moving in space. It moves as fast as 40 miles a second. It may be large or small. Most meteoroids are smaller than a grain of sand. As a meteoroid comes into the air near the earth, it catches fire. Most meteoroids burn up before they hit the earth. The flash of light from the burning meteoroid is called a meteor. If a piece of meteoroid falls to the ground, it is called a meteorite. People have studied these rocks for many years. They wanted to research ways to keep meteoroids from making holes in spacecrafts. Thick walls may help. Or perhaps spacecrafts can be covered with a metal skin that will seal itself.} & \scriptsize{Reading: 1 minute and 35 seconds,\\ Quiz taking: 2 minutes and 45 seconds, \\Total: 4 minutes and 20 seconds} & \scriptsize{3 minutes and 16 seconds}\\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Comparison of manual and automated administration process of the Phil-IRI Oral Reading Test.}
    \label{tab:comparisonprocess}
\end{table}


\newpage
\section{Results of Global Alignment}
Table \ref{tab:miscuedetectionresults} shows the results of the miscue detection using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm. The first and second test cases show a 100.00\% accuracy of detecting the expected miscues in the transcribed text.

\begin{table}[!h]
    \footnotesize
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{ |p{0.6cm}|p{3.9cm}|p{3.7cm}|>{\raggedright}p{2.1cm}|>{\raggedright}p{2.1cm}|p{0.9cm}| } 
    \hline
    \textbf{Test Case No.} & \textbf{Reference text} & \textbf{Transcribed Text} & \textbf{Expected Result} & \textbf{Actual Result} & \textbf{\%} \\
    \hline
    1 & “Let’s have some fun this summer,” says Leo. “Let’s swim in the river,” says Lina. “Let’s get some star apples from the tree,” says Leo. “Let’s pick flowers,” says Lina. “That is so much fun!” says Mama. “But can you help me dust the shelves too?” “Yes, we can Mama,” they say. “Helping can be fun too!”
    & Let's have some fun this summer, says Leo. Let's swim in the river, says \textbf{Dina}. Let's get some star apples from the tree, says Leo. Let's pick flowers, says \textbf{Dina}. That is so much fun, says Mama. But can you help me? \textbf{That's} the shelves too. Yes, we can Mama. They say, helping can be fun too. &
    \scriptsize{Substitution: 3,\\
    Insertion: 0,
    Deletion: 0,\\
    Total: 3}
    & \scriptsize{Substitution: 3,\\
    Insertion: 0,
    Deletion: 0,\\
    Total: 3} & 100.00\\
    \hline
    2 & One day, a frog sat on a lily pad, still as a rock. A fish swam by. “Hello, Mr. Frog! What are you waiting for?” “I am waiting for my lunch,” said the frog. “Oh, good luck!” said the fish and swam away. Then, a duck waddled by. “Hello, Mr. Frog! What are you waiting for?” “I am waiting for my lunch,” said the frog. “Oh, good luck!” said the duck and waddled away. Then a bug came buzzing by. “Hello, Mr. Frog! What are you doing?” asked the bug. “I’m having my lunch! Slurp!” said the frog. Mr. Frog smiled.
    & One day, a frog sat on a lily pad. Still as a rock, a fish swam by. Hello, Mr. Frog, what are you waiting for? I am waiting for my lunch, said the frog. Oh, good luck! Said the fish and swam away. Then a duck waddled by. Hello, Mr. Frog, what are you waiting for? I am waiting for my lunch, said the frog. Oh, good luck! Said the duck and waddled away. Then a bug came buzzing by. Hello, Mr. Frog, what are you doing? Asked the bug. I'm having my lunch. Slurp! Said the frog. Mr. Frog smiled. &
    \scriptsize{Substitution: 0,\\
    Insertion: 0,
    Deletion: 0,\\
    Total: 0}
    & \scriptsize{Substitution: 0,\\
    Insertion: 0,
    Deletion: 0,\\
    Total: 0} & 100.00\\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Miscue Detection Results.} \vspace{0.25em}
    \label{tab:miscuedetectionresults}
\end{table}

% \section{Results of the Application Process}
% Teachers dedicate around 10 minutes to assess a student for a single test. The assessment process for one section takes about three to four weeks as they only conduct the assessments after class hours or during times for remedial. According to Senate Bill No. 541 or Class Size and Conditions Act, the teacher-student ratio for elementary schools is 1:31 \cite{senatebill}. Considering this ratio, it would take about 310 minutes or 5.17 hours to complete one assessment test for one section.



% \section{Miscue Detection}

% Table \ref{tab:miscueresults} shows an example of the results of the Miscue Detection code using the Needleman-Wunsch alignment algorithm.


% \begin{table}[htb]
%     \centering
%     \caption{Miscue Detection Results} \vspace{0.25em}
%     \begin{tabular}{ |p{1.2in}|p{1.2in}|c|c|c| } 
%     \hline
%     Reference text & Transcribed Text & Insertion & Omission & Substitution \\
%     \hline
%     Pam has a cat. It is on the bed. It can nap. It can sit. “Oh no!” says Pam. “The cat fell off the bed!” Is the cat sad? No. It is on the mat. & Pam has a cat. It is on the bed. It can nap. It can sit. “Oh no!” says Pam. “The cat fell off the bed!” Is the cat sad? No. It is on the mat. & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
%     \hline
%      & Pam pam has a cat. It is in the bed. It can not. It sit. “Oh no!” says Pam. “The cat feel off the bed!” Is the cat sad? No. It is on the map. & 1 & 1 & 4 \\ 
%     \hline
%     \end{tabular}
%     \label{tab:miscueresults}
% \end{table}



% \subsection{Settings}
% \subsubsection{Account Details}
% Lorem ipsum

% \subsubsection{Forgot Password}
% Lorem ipsum

% \subsubsection{Change Profile Picture}
% Lorem ipsum

% \subsubsection{Privacy Policy}
% Lorem ipsum

% \subsubsection{Terms of Service}
% Lorem ipsum

% \subsubsection{Contact Us}
% Lorem ipsum

% \section{Miscue Detection}