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OxenORM - High-Performance Python ORM Backed by Rust

Python 3.9+ Rust 1.70+ Apache 2.0 License

OxenORM is a hybrid Object-Relational Mapper that keeps the familiar Pythonic, class-based developer experience while delegating all heavy lifting—SQL generation, query execution, connection pooling, type conversion, migrations, and other CPU-bound tasks—to a Rust core library.

Key Features:

  • Familiar Python API: Django/Tortoise-style model definitions and querying
  • Rust Performance: 10-20× speed-ups versus pure Python ORMs
  • Memory Safety: Rust's type system prevents entire classes of errors
  • Async-First: Built on Tokio for high-performance async operations
  • Multiple Databases: PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite support
  • Zero-Copy: Efficient data transfer between Python and Rust

Installation

pip install oxen-orm

For development:

git clone https://github.com/oxen-orm/oxen-orm.git
cd oxen-orm
pip install -e .
maturin develop  # Build Rust backend

Quick Start

import asyncio
from oxen import Model, init_db, close_db
from oxen.fields import IntField, CharField, TextField, DateTimeField

class User(Model):
    id = IntField(primary_key=True)
    username = CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)
    email = CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    bio = TextField(null=True)
    created_at = DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        table = "users"

async def main():
    # Initialize database
    await init_db({
        'default': 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb'
    })

    # Create a user
    user = await User.create(
        username="john_doe",
        email="john@example.com",
        bio="Software developer"
    )

    # Query users
    users = await User.filter(is_active=True)
    for user in users:
        print(f"{user.username}: {user.email}")

    await close_db()

asyncio.run(main())

Architecture

OxenORM follows a hybrid architecture:

Python Layer: - Model definitions and field types - QuerySet API and filtering - Schema generation and migrations - Developer-friendly interface

Rust Backend: - SQL query building and optimization - Database connection pooling - Query execution and result processing - Type conversion and serialization - Transaction management

FFI Bridge: - PyO3 for Python-Rust communication - Async/await support via pyo3-asyncio - Zero-copy data transfer where possible

Performance Benefits

OxenORM delivers significant performance improvements:

  • Query Execution: 10-20× faster than SQLAlchemy/Tortoise
  • Connection Pooling: Efficient connection management with bb8
  • Type Conversion: Optimized serialization/deserialization
  • Memory Usage: Reduced memory footprint through Rust's zero-cost abstractions
  • Concurrency: Deterministic async operations with Tokio

Benchmarks

Simple SELECT queries (100k records):
- SQLAlchemy 2.0: ~15,000 QPS
- Tortoise ORM: ~12,000 QPS
- OxenORM: ~150,000 QPS

Bulk INSERT (10k records):
- SQLAlchemy 2.0: ~2,000 records/sec
- Tortoise ORM: ~1,500 records/sec
- OxenORM: ~25,000 records/sec

Model Definition

OxenORM models are defined similarly to Django/Tortoise:

from oxen import Model
from oxen.fields import (
    IntField, CharField, TextField, BooleanField,
    DateTimeField, ForeignKeyField, ManyToManyField
)

class User(Model):
    id = IntField(primary_key=True)
    username = CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)
    email = CharField(max_length=100, unique=True)
    is_active = BooleanField(default=True)
    created_at = DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        table = "users"

class Post(Model):
    id = IntField(primary_key=True)
    title = CharField(max_length=200)
    content = TextField()
    author = ForeignKeyField(User, related_name="posts")
    published = BooleanField(default=False)
    created_at = DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        table = "posts"

Querying

OxenORM provides a familiar QuerySet API:

# Get all users
users = await User.all()

# Filter users
active_users = await User.filter(is_active=True)
john = await User.get(username="john_doe")

# Complex queries
recent_posts = await Post.filter(
    published=True,
    created_at__gte=datetime.now() - timedelta(days=7)
).order_by("-created_at").limit(10)

# Count operations
total_users = await User.count()
published_count = await Post.filter(published=True).count()

# Bulk operations
await User.bulk_create([
    User(username="alice", email="alice@example.com"),
    User(username="bob", email="bob@example.com"),
])

Relationships

OxenORM supports all standard relationship types:

# Foreign Key
class Post(Model):
    author = ForeignKeyField(User, related_name="posts")

# One-to-One
class Profile(Model):
    user = OneToOneField(User, related_name="profile")

# Many-to-Many
class Tag(Model):
    name = CharField(max_length=50)

class Post(Model):
    tags = ManyToManyField(Tag, related_name="posts")

# Usage
user = await User.get(id=1)
posts = await user.posts.all()  # Related posts
profile = await user.profile    # Related profile

Transactions

OxenORM supports database transactions:

from oxen import transaction

async with transaction():
    user = await User.create(username="john", email="john@example.com")
    post = await Post.create(
        title="My Post",
        content="Content",
        author=user
    )
    # Both operations succeed or fail together

Migrations

OxenORM includes a migration system:

# Generate migration
oxen migrate --name add_user_table

# Apply migrations
oxen migrate

# Rollback migration
oxen migrate --rollback

Database Support

OxenORM supports multiple databases:

PostgreSQL: .. code-block:: python

await init_db({
'default': 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb'

})

MySQL: .. code-block:: python

await init_db({
'default': 'mysql://user:pass@localhost/mydb'

})

SQLite: .. code-block:: python

await init_db({
'default': 'sqlite:./mydb.sqlite'

})

Multiple Databases: .. code-block:: python

await init_db({
'default': 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb', 'readonly': 'postgresql://user:pass@readonly/mydb'

})

Configuration

OxenORM can be configured for different environments:

await init_db({
    'default': 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mydb'
}, {
    'pool_size': 20,
    'max_overflow': 10,
    'pool_timeout': 30,
    'pool_recycle': 3600,
})

Development

To contribute to OxenORM:

# Clone repository
git clone https://github.com/oxen-orm/oxen-orm.git
cd oxen-orm

# Install Python dependencies
pip install -e ".[dev]"

# Install Rust toolchain
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# Build Rust backend
maturin develop

# Run tests
pytest

# Run benchmarks
pytest tests/benchmarks/

License

OxenORM is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the LICENSE file for details.

Contributing

We welcome contributions! Please see our contributing guidelines in CONTRIBUTING.md.

Areas for contribution: - Additional database backends (MongoDB, Redis) - More field types and validators - Migration system improvements - Performance optimizations - Documentation and examples

Support

Roadmap

v0.1.0 (Current) - Core ORM functionality - PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite support - Basic migration system - QuerySet API

v0.2.0 - Advanced relationship support - Migration system improvements - Performance optimizations - Additional field types

v0.3.0 - GraphQL integration - Distributed query planning - Advanced caching - Monitoring and metrics

v1.0.0 - Production-ready stability - Comprehensive documentation - Performance benchmarks - Enterprise features