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<html lang="zh"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"><meta><title>用 Orange Pi Zero 搭建一台 Stratum 1 的 NTP 服务器 - ThinkAlone</title><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"><meta name="theme-color" content="#4f7489"><meta name="application-name" content="ThinkAlone"><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/favicon.png"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#4f7489"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="ThinkAlone"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"><meta name="description" content="前言首先：这个东西有什么用？答：没有任何用处，但是能让你内网的设备时间精度达到亚毫秒级 当然，不要以这个网页为参考，实际误差要远远低于显示： 实际应该是几个微秒的误差。"><meta property="og:type" content="blog"><meta property="og:title" content="用 Orange Pi Zero 搭建一台 Stratum 1 的 NTP 服务器"><meta property="og:url" content="https://thinkalone.win/orangepi-zero-ntp.html"><meta property="og:site_name" content="ThinkAlone"><meta property="og:description" content="前言首先：这个东西有什么用？答：没有任何用处，但是能让你内网的设备时间精度达到亚毫秒级 当然，不要以这个网页为参考，实际误差要远远低于显示： 实际应该是几个微秒的误差。"><meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN"><meta property="og:image" content="https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/1.png"><meta property="og:image" content="https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/2.png"><meta property="og:image" content="https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/3.png"><meta property="og:image" content="https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/4.png"><meta property="og:image" content="https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/5.png"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-07-11T04:00:00.000Z"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-09-10T04:00:00.000Z"><meta property="article:author" content="Disappear9"><meta property="article:tag" content="教程"><meta property="article:tag" content="折腾那些事"><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta property="twitter:image:src" content="https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/1.png"><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://thinkalone.win/orangepi-zero-ntp.html"},"headline":"用 Orange Pi Zero 搭建一台 Stratum 1 的 NTP 服务器","image":["https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/1.png","https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/2.png","https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/3.png","https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/4.png","https://thinkalone.win/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/5.png"],"datePublished":"2024-07-11T04:00:00.000Z","dateModified":"2025-09-10T04:00:00.000Z","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Disappear9"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"ThinkAlone","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://thinkalone.win/logo.png"}},"description":"前言首先：这个东西有什么用？答：没有任何用处，但是能让你内网的设备时间精度达到亚毫秒级 当然，不要以这个网页为参考，实际误差要远远低于显示： 实际应该是几个微秒的误差。"}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://thinkalone.win/orangepi-zero-ntp.html"><link rel="alternate" href="/atom.xml" title="ThinkAlone" type="application/atom+xml"><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.0.0/css/all.css"><link data-pjax rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/highlight.js@11.7.0/styles/monokai.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Ubuntu:wght@400;600&family=Source+Code+Pro"><link data-pjax rel="stylesheet" href="/css/default.css"><style>body>.footer,body>.navbar,body>.section{opacity:0}</style><!--!--><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/cookieconsent@3.1.1/build/cookieconsent.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/lightgallery@1.10.0/dist/css/lightgallery.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/justifiedGallery@3.8.1/dist/css/justifiedGallery.min.css"><script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-114968614-1" async></script><script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
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</script><!-- hexo injector head_end end --><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 8.1.1"></head><body class="is-2-column"><nav class="navbar navbar-main"><div class="container navbar-container"><div class="navbar-brand justify-content-center"><a class="navbar-item navbar-logo" href="/"><img src="/logo.png" alt="ThinkAlone" height="28"></a></div><div class="navbar-menu"><div class="navbar-start"><a class="navbar-item" href="/">主页</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/archives">归档</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/categories">分类</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/tags">Tags</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/about">关于</a></div><div class="navbar-end"><a class="navbar-item" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="博客源码" href="https://github.com/Disappear9/disappear9.github.io"><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a><a class="navbar-item is-hidden-tablet catalogue" title="目录" href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-list-ul"></i></a><a class="navbar-item search" title="搜索" href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></a></div></div></div></nav><section class="section"><div class="container"><div class="columns"><div class="column order-2 column-main is-8-tablet is-8-desktop is-8-widescreen"><div class="card"><article class="card-content article" role="article"><div class="article-meta is-size-7 is-uppercase level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><span class="level-item"><time dateTime="2024-07-11T04:00:00.000Z" title="7/11/2024, 4:00:00 AM">2024-07-11</time>发表</span><span class="level-item"><time dateTime="2025-09-10T04:00:00.000Z" title="9/10/2025, 4:00:00 AM">2025-09-10</time>更新</span><span class="level-item"><a class="link-muted" href="/categories/%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B/">教程</a></span><span class="level-item">9 分钟读完 (大约1285个字)</span></div></div><h1 class="title is-3 is-size-4-mobile">用 Orange Pi Zero 搭建一台 Stratum 1 的 NTP 服务器</h1><div class="content"><h3 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h3><p>首先：这个东西有什么用？<br>答：<strong>没有任何用处，但是能让你内网的设备时间精度达到亚毫秒级</strong> </p>
<p><img src="/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/1.png" alt="time.is"> </p>
<p>当然，不要以这个网页为参考，实际误差要远远低于显示： </p>
<p><img src="/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/2.png" alt="chronyc sources"> </p>
<p>实际应该是几个微秒的误差。 </p>
<hr>
<span id="more"></span>
<h3 id="材料准备"><a href="#材料准备" class="headerlink" title="材料准备"></a>材料准备</h3><blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Orange Pi Zero LTS 一个<br> 也就是初代的Orange Pi Zero，理论上Zero2、3也可以，但是需要根据实际接线情况修改配置</li>
<li>ATGM336H GPS模块 一个<br> 可替换，只要带PPS输出的就行，我选这个型号是因为他是ipex接口可以外接天线<br> 2.1 GPS天线(3.3v供电) 一个<br> 2.2 SMA转IPEX射频转接线 一条</li>
<li>DS3231 实时时钟模块 一个<br> DS3231M也可以，这里只是用作掉电后的时间备份，精度不太重要</li>
<li>2*13双排26P 2.54杜邦插头双排端子线 一个<br> 用于优雅的连接到Orange Pi的26P GPIO接口</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>其他电子配件不再赘述 </p>
<h3 id="硬件配置"><a href="#硬件配置" class="headerlink" title="硬件配置"></a>硬件配置</h3><h4 id="GPS模块"><a href="#GPS模块" class="headerlink" title="GPS模块"></a>GPS模块</h4><p>使用USB-TTL板将模块连接到电脑，使用对应的工具将GPS模块的串口波特率调整到115200（模块一般默认为9600，过低，时间报文传输时间太长，会导致延迟过高）<br>我使用的ATGM336H模块可以用<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/zxcwhale/GnssToolKit3-binaries/releases">GnssToolKit3</a>进行配置<br>其他模块可以参考手册进行配置 </p>
<h4 id="DS3231模块"><a href="#DS3231模块" class="headerlink" title="DS3231模块"></a>DS3231模块</h4><p>如果你使用的是同款模块（大概率），使用烙铁拆焊掉这里的电阻以防止VCC倒灌进入电池<br><img src="/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/3.png" alt="DS3231"> </p>
<h4 id="接线图"><a href="#接线图" class="headerlink" title="接线图"></a>接线图</h4><p><img src="/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/4.png" alt="接线图"> </p>
<h3 id="系统配置"><a href="#系统配置" class="headerlink" title="系统配置"></a>系统配置</h3><p>参考：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/moonbuggy/Orange-Pi-Zero-GPS-NTP">https://github.com/moonbuggy/Orange-Pi-Zero-GPS-NTP</a><br>下载对应的<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.armbian.com/orange-pi-zero/">armbian</a>系统并将系统安装到TF卡<br>系统初始化完成后，使用<code>armbian-config</code>工具，进入<code>System => Hardware</code>启用<code>i2c0, pps-gpio, uart2</code><br>运行命令</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo sh -c "echo 'param_pps_pin=PA3' >> /boot/armbianEnv.txt"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>指定PA3为PPS输入 </p>
<p>更新：使用Orange Pi Zero3时，armbian可能没有带pps的dts，可以手动创建一个，和ds3231的dts一样安装： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/dts-v1/;</span><br><span class="line">/plugin/;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/ {</span><br><span class="line"> compatible = "allwinner,sun50i-h616";</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> fragment@0 {</span><br><span class="line"> target = <&pio>;</span><br><span class="line"> __overlay__ {</span><br><span class="line"> pps_pins: pps_pins {</span><br><span class="line"> pins = "PC11";</span><br><span class="line"> function = "pps";</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> fragment@1 {</span><br><span class="line"> target-path = "/";</span><br><span class="line"> __overlay__ {</span><br><span class="line"> pps@0 {</span><br><span class="line"> compatible = "pps-gpio";</span><br><span class="line"> pinctrl-names = "default";</span><br><span class="line"> pinctrl-0 = <&pps_pins>;</span><br><span class="line"> gpios = <&pio 2 11 0>; /* PC11 */</span><br><span class="line"> status = "okay";</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>新建文件<code>ds3231.dts</code>: </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/dts-v1/;</span><br><span class="line">/plugin/;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/ {</span><br><span class="line"> compatible = "xunlong,orangepi-zero", "allwinner,sun8i-h2-plus";</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> fragment@0 {</span><br><span class="line"> target-path = "/aliases";</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> __overlay__ {</span><br><span class="line"> rtc0 = "/soc/i2c@1c2b400/ds3231";</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> fragment@1 {</span><br><span class="line"> target-path = "/soc/i2c@1c2b400";</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> __overlay__ {</span><br><span class="line"> ds3231: rtc@68 {</span><br><span class="line"> compatible = "maxim,ds3231";</span><br><span class="line"> reg = <0x68>;</span><br><span class="line"> #clock-cells = <1>;</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line"> };</span><br><span class="line">};</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>运行命令 </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo armbian-add-overlay ds3231.dts</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>启用DS3231的DTS</p>
<h3 id="软件配置"><a href="#软件配置" class="headerlink" title="软件配置"></a>软件配置</h3><h4 id="配置gpsd"><a href="#配置gpsd" class="headerlink" title="配置gpsd"></a>配置<code>gpsd</code></h4><p>安装 </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install gpsd gpsd-tools pps-tools i2c-tools</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改配置文件<code>/etc/default/gpsd</code>： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># Devices gpsd should connect to at boot time.</span><br><span class="line"># They need to be read/writeable, either by user gpsd or the group dialout.</span><br><span class="line">DEVICES="/dev/ttyS2 /dev/pps0"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># Other options you want to pass to gpsd</span><br><span class="line">GPSD_OPTIONS="-n -s 115200"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># Automatically hot add/remove USB GPS devices via gpsdctl</span><br><span class="line">USBAUTO="true"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">/bin/stty -F /dev/ttyS2 115200</span><br><span class="line">/bin/setserial /dev/ttyS2 low_latency</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>运行命令启动<code>gpsd</code>服务： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo systemctl daemon-reload</span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl enable gpsd</span><br><span class="line">sudo systemctl start gpsd</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>运行<code>gpsmon</code>查看是否有输出，如配置正确应该可以看到NMEA报文，位置，卫星数等信息<br>手动调整天线的位置、角度，尽量靠窗，让可见卫星数尽可能的多，使定位误差尽可能的小<br><img src="/pictures/orangepi-zero-ntp/5.png" alt="gpsmon"> </p>
<h4 id="配置chrony"><a href="#配置chrony" class="headerlink" title="配置chrony"></a>配置<code>chrony</code></h4><p>安装： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt install chrony</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>创建配置文件<code>/etc/chrony/conf.d/gpsd.conf</code>： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">refclock SHM 0 precision 1e-1 offset 0.0 delay 0.2 refid NMEA noselect</span><br><span class="line">refclock PPS /dev/pps0 lock NMEA refid PPS maxlockage 32 prefer</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>修改配置文件<code>/etc/default/chrony</code> </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># This is a configuration file for /etc/init.d/chrony and</span><br><span class="line"># /lib/systemd/system/chrony.service; it allows you to pass various options to</span><br><span class="line"># the chrony daemon without editing the init script or service file.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># Options to pass to chrony.</span><br><span class="line">DAEMON_OPTS="-F 1 -r -m -s"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>配置DS3231： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># E̅O̅S̅C̅</span><br><span class="line">i2cset -y 0 0x68 0x0e 0x1c</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># OSF</span><br><span class="line">i2cset -y 0 0x68 0x0f 0x08</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 设置时间</span><br><span class="line">sudo hwclock -w -f /dev/rtc</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 读取时间</span><br><span class="line">sudo hwclock -r -f /dev/rtc</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="杂项与微调"><a href="#杂项与微调" class="headerlink" title="杂项与微调"></a>杂项与微调</h3><h4 id="配置上游NTP-server"><a href="#配置上游NTP-server" class="headerlink" title="配置上游NTP server"></a>配置上游NTP server</h4><p>使用就近的NTP server<br>将配置文件<code>/etc/chrony/chrony.conf</code>中原来的pool/server部分修改如下： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">server 0.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst</span><br><span class="line">server 1.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst</span><br><span class="line">server 2.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst</span><br><span class="line">server 3.cn.pool.ntp.org iburst</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="offset整定"><a href="#offset整定" class="headerlink" title="offset整定"></a>offset整定</h4><p>前文在配置文件<code>/etc/chrony/conf.d/gpsd.conf</code>中，暂时将<code>offset</code>设置为了<code>0.0</code>，在chrony服务正常运行半小时后，运行命令： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chronyc sourcestats</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>查看<code>NMEA</code>项的<code>Offset</code>部分： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Name/IP Address NP NR Span Frequency Freq Skew Offset Std Dev</span><br><span class="line">==============================================================================</span><br><span class="line">NMEA 7 3 95 -134.817 741.206 +4490us 9095us</span><br><span class="line">PPS 39 26 608 -0.000 0.008 -1ns 2553ns</span><br><span class="line">......</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>将<code>Offset</code>的数值转化为秒，填入配置文件中，重启chrony<br>我的数值已经整定过了，所以只有几毫秒，未整定情况下一般会在±0.2秒。<br>offset值不应超过±0.45秒。</p>
<h4 id="开启chrony的服务器模式"><a href="#开启chrony的服务器模式" class="headerlink" title="开启chrony的服务器模式"></a>开启chrony的服务器模式</h4><p>在配置文件<code>/etc/chrony/chrony.conf</code>末尾，加一行： </p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">allow</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>现在chrony已经可以被局域网内的设备访问到了，将服务器地址设为chrony的IP后同步时间，然后就可以截图去炫耀了。 </p>
</div><div class="article-licensing box"><div class="licensing-title"><p>用 Orange Pi Zero 搭建一台 Stratum 1 的 NTP 服务器</p><p><a href="https://thinkalone.win/orangepi-zero-ntp.html">https://thinkalone.win/orangepi-zero-ntp.html</a></p></div><div class="licensing-meta level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><div class="level-item is-narrow"><div><h6>作者</h6><p>Disappear9</p></div></div><div class="level-item is-narrow"><div><h6>发布于</h6><p>2024-07-11</p></div></div><div class="level-item is-narrow"><div><h6>更新于</h6><p>2025-09-10</p></div></div><div class="level-item is-narrow"><div><h6>许可协议</h6><p><a class="icons" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Creative Commons" href="https://creativecommons.org/"><i class="icon fab fa-creative-commons"></i></a><a class="icons" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Attribution" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><i class="icon fab fa-creative-commons-by"></i></a><a class="icons" rel="noopener" target="_blank" title="Noncommercial" 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