2.txt

Based on the provided list, here are the words organized by topic to facilitate learning:

### Business and Economics

*   **acquire**: To get or obtain something.
*   **administer**: To control the operation or arrangement of something.
*   **annual**: Happening once every year.
*   **apprentice**: Someone who has agreed to work for a skilled person for a particular period of time and often for low payment, in order to learn that person's skills.
*   **authorize**: To give official permission for something to happen, or to give someone official permission to do something.
*   **be better off**: To have more money than you had in the past or more money than most other people.
*   **bursary**: An amount of money given to a person by an organization, such as a university, to pay for them to study.
*   **charge**: To ask an amount of money for something, especially a service or activity.
*   **colleague**: One of a group of people who work together.
*   **commission**: An amount paid to an employee based on a percentage of the employee's sales.
*   **commute**: To make the same journey regularly between work and home.
*   **corporate**: Relating to a large company.
*   **credibility**: The fact that someone or something can be believed or trusted.
*   **deduct**: To take away an amount or part from a total.
*   **denomination**: A unit of value, especially of money.
*   **deposit**: An amount of money that you pay as the first part of the total payment for something.
*   **depreciation**: The process of losing value.
*   **entrepreneur**: Someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity.
*   **establishment**: A business or other organization, or the place where an organization operates.
*   **executive**: Someone in a high position, especially in business, who makes decisions and puts them into action.
*   **exempt**: To excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc.
*   **facility**: A place, especially including buildings, where a particular activity happens.
*   **financial**: Relating to money or how money is managed.
*   **grant**: An amount of money given especially by the government to a person or organization for a special purpose.
*   **industrial**: In or related to industry, or having a lot of industry and factories, etc.
*   **industrialize**: To develop industry.
*   **industrialized**: Having developed a lot of industry.
*   **labour**: Workers, especially people who do practical work with their hands.
*   **lecturer**: Someone who teaches at a college or university.
*   **levy**: To officially demand and collect money, such as a tax.
*   **maintenance**: The work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in good condition.
*   **merchant**: A person whose job is to buy and sell products in large amounts, especially by trading with other countries.
*   **minister**: A member of the government in charge of a particular department or area of administration.
*   **monopoly**: Complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share.
*   **multibillion**: Costing or worth many billions of dollars.
*   **multinational**: Involving several different countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries.
*   **nationwide**: Existing or happening in all parts of a particular country.
*   **newsletter**: A printed or electronic document containing information about the recent activities of an organization, sent regularly to the organization's members.
*   **occupation**: A person's job.
*   **operator**: A person who operates equipment or a machine.
*   **outlet**: A shop that is one of many owned by a particular company and that sells the goods that the company has produced.
*   **overseas**: In, from, or to other countries.
*   **owe**: To need to pay or give something to someone because they have lent money to you, or in exchange for something they have done for you.
*   **ownership**: The fact that you own something.
*   **patent**: The official legal right to make or sell an invention for a particular number of years.
*   **perk**: An advantage or something extra, such as money or goods, that you are given because of your job.
*   **policy**: A set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party.
*   **portfolio**: A collection of company shares and other investments that are owned by a particular person or organization.
*   **pricey**: Expensive.
*   **profession**: Any type of work that needs special training or a particular skill, often one that is respected because it involves a high level of education.
*   **purchase**: To buy something.
*   **put sth at sth**: To guess or roughly calculate that something will cost a particular amount, or that something is a particular size, number, or amount.
*   **quota**: A fixed, limited amount or number that is officially allowed.
*   **redundancy**: A situation in which someone loses their job because their employer does not need them.
*   **remittance**: An amount of money that you send to someone.
*   **revenue**: The income that a government or company receives regularly.
*   **sector**: One of the areas into which the economic activity of a country is divided.
*   **selling point**: A characteristic of a product that will persuade people to buy it.
*   **subsidized**: Paid for partly by the government or another organization.
*   **supply chain**: The system of people and things that are involved in getting a product from the place where it is made to the person who buys it.
*   **telephony**: The working or use of telephones.
*   **tutor**: Someone who teaches one person or a very small group of people.
*   **underfunding**: The situation when an organization, etc. is given less money than it needs.
*   **vocational**: Providing knowledge and skills that prepare you for a particular job.
*   **warehousing**: The activity of storing something in a warehouse.
*   **withdrawal**: When you take money out of a bank account.

### Science and Nature

*   **acrobatic**: Involving or able to perform difficult and attractive body movements.
*   **allergy**: A condition that makes a person become sick or develop skin or breathing problems after they have eaten certain foods or been near certain substances.
*   **amphibian**: Relating to animals of the class Amphibia.
*   **antibiotic**: A medicine or chemical that can destroy harmful bacteria in the body or limit their growth.
*   **arthritis**: A serious condition in which a person's joints become painful, swollen, and stiff.
*   **astronaut**: A person who has been trained for travelling in space.
*   **biomass**: Dead plant and animal material suitable for using as fuel.
*   **climatic**: Relating to general weather conditions.
*   **clinical**: Used to refer to medical work or teaching that relates to the examination and treatment of ill people.
*   **cocoon**: The silky covering that encloses and protects the larvae of many insects, especially moths, during the pupal stage.
*   **compound**: A chemical that combines two or more elements.
*   **conserve**: To keep and protect something from damage, change, or waste.
*   **contagious**: A contagious disease can be caught by touching someone who has the disease or by touching an infected object.
*   **cultivate**: To prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop.
*   **cuttlefish**: A sea creature with eight arms and two tentacles that has a wide, flat shell inside its body.
*   **degenerative**: A degenerative illness is one in which the body or a part of the body gradually stops working.
*   **diagnose**: To recognize and name the exact character of a disease or a problem, by examining it.
*   **diet**: The food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group.
*   **disease**: An illness caused by infection or by a failure of health rather than by an accident.
*   **dissolve**: To be absorbed by a liquid, especially when mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid.
*   **dose**: A measured amount of something such as medicine.
*   **dosage**: The amount of medicine that you should take at one time.
*   **drowsiness**: A tired state, between sleeping and being awake.
*   **emission**: An amount of a substance that is produced and sent out into the air that is harmful to the environment.
*   **epidemic**: The appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time.
*   **evolve**: To develop gradually, or to cause something or someone to develop gradually.
*   **fatigue**: Extreme tiredness.
*   **fauna**: All the animals that live wild in a particular area.
*   **ferment**: If food or drink ferments, it goes through a chemical change because of the action of yeast or bacteria.
*   **fertilizer**: A natural or chemical substance that is spread on the land or given to plants, to make plants grow well.
*   **fibre**: Any of the thread-like parts that form plant or artificial material.
*   **filament**: A thin thread or fibre of natural or artificial material.
*   **fishery**: An area of water where fish are caught so they can be sold.
*   **genetically**: In a way that relates to genes.
*   **genetically modified**: A genetically modified plant or animal has had some of its genes changed scientifically.
*   **glow**: Continuous light and/or heat that is produced by something.
*   **grain**: A seed or seeds from a plant, especially a plant like a grass such as rice or wheat.
*   **harvest**: To pick and collect crops, or to collect plants, animals, or fish as food.
*   **herbicide**: A chemical that is used to destroy plants, especially weeds.
*   **homeopath**: A person who treats ill people by homeopathy.
*   **Homeopathy**: Treatment of disease with minute doses of a remedy that, if given in massive doses to healthy persons, would produce effects like those of the disease.
*   **hurricane**: A violent wind that has a circular movement, especially in the West Atlantic Ocean.
*   **hypnosis**: A mental state like sleep, in which a person's thoughts or actions can be easily influenced by someone else.
*   **infection**: A condition in which bacteria or viruses that cause disease have entered the body.
*   **ingredient**: A food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a particular dish.
*   **inhale**: To breathe air, smoke, or gas into your lungs.
*   **longitude**: The distance of a place east or west of an imaginary line from the top to the bottom of the Earth, measured in degrees.
*   **luminosity**: The state of producing or reflecting bright light.
*   **malaria**: A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.
*   **meteorologist**: Someone who studies meteorology.
*   **migraine**: Severe continuous pain in the head, often with vomiting and difficulty in seeing.
*   **migration**: The process of animals travelling to a different place, usually when the season changes.
*   **mildew**: A black, green, or whitish area caused by a fungus that grows on things such as plants, paper, or cloth, usually if the conditions are warm and wet.
*   **mineral**: A valuable or useful chemical substance that is formed naturally in the ground.
*   **molecule**: The simplest unit of a chemical substance, usually a group of two or more atoms.
*   **moth**: An insect with wings that is similar to a butterfly, usually flies at night, and is attracted to light.
*   **mulberry**: A small, dark purple or red fruit that grows on a tree.
*   **obesity**: The fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health.
*   **pandemic**: (Of a disease) existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants.
*   **parasitic fungus**: A type of fungus that lives on or in another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the host's expense.
*   **particle**: An extremely small piece of something such as dust, dirt, or sand.
*   **pesticide**: A chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms.
*   **petrochemical**: Any chemical substance obtained from petroleum or natural gas.
*   **petrol**: A liquid obtained from petroleum, used especially as a fuel for cars and other vehicles.
*   **placebo**: A substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make that person feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others.
*   **pollutant**: A substance that pollutes.
*   **pond**: An area of water smaller than a lake, often artificially made.
*   **pulp**: A soft, wet mass.
*   **respiratory**: Relating to breathing.
*   **rice paddy**: A field planted with rice growing in water.
*   **sleepiness**: The feeling of being tired and wanting to sleep.
*   **solar panel**: A device that changes energy from the sun into electricity.
*   **spore**: A reproductive cell produced by some plants and simple organisms.
*   **stem**: A central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow, or which forms a support.
*   **substance**: Material with particular physical characteristics.
*   **symptom**: Any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease.
*   **synthetic**: Synthetic products are made from artificial substances, often copying a natural product.
*   **tincture**: A medicine that consists of a mixture of alcohol and a small amount of a drug.
*   **tissue**: A group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are similar to each other, have the same purpose, and form the stated part of the animal or plant.
*   **treat**: To use drugs, exercises, etc., to cure a person of a disease or heal an injury.
*   **vegetarian**: Not eating or including meat.
*   **weed**: Any wild plant that grows in an unwanted place, especially in a garden or field where it prevents the cultivated plants from growing freely.
*   **zoology**: The scientific study of animals, especially their structure.

### Social Science and Humanities

*   **abandon**: To leave a place, thing, or person, usually forever.
*   **ancestor**: A person related to you who lived a long time ago.
*   **artifact**: An object, such as a tool, that was made in the past.
*   **association**: A group of people who work together in a single organization for a particular purpose.
*   **behavior**: The way that someone behaves.
*   **behavioral**: Involving, relating to, or emphasizing behavior.
*   **conspiracy**: The activity of secretly planning with other people to do something bad or illegal.
*   **controversy**: A lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people.
*   **criminalize**: To make something illegal.
*   **critic**: Someone whose job is to give their opinion about something, especially films, books, music, etc.
*   **criticize**: To express disapproval of someone or something.
*   **curator**: A person in charge of a museum, library, etc.
*   **curriculum**: The subjects studied in a school, college, etc., and what each subject includes.
*   **customary**: Usual.
*   **democratic**: Based on the principles of democracy.
*   **discriminate**: To treat a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way than you treat other people, because of their race, gender, sexuality, etc.
*   **dissertation**: A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done in order to receive a degree at college or university.
*   **domestic**: Belonging or relating to the home, house, or family.
*   **emperor**: A male ruler of an empire.
*   **ethnic**: Relating or belonging to a group of people who can be seen as distinct because they have a shared culture, tradition, language, history, etc.
*   **historically**: In a way that is related to the study or representation of the past.
*   **infant**: A baby or a very young child.
*   **integration**: The action or process of successfully joining or mixing with a different group of people.
*   **journal**: A serious magazine or newspaper that is published regularly about a particular subject.
*   **legalize**: To allow something by law.
*   **legislation**: A law or set of laws suggested by a government and made official by a parliament.
*   **literature**: Written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value.
*   **migrant**: A person that travels to a different country or place, often in order to find work.
*   **monk**: A man who devotes his life to a religious group, often giving up all he owns.
*   **norm**: An accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with.
*   **orthodox**: Considered traditional, normal, and acceptable by most people.
*   **petition**: A document signed by a large number of people demanding or asking for some action from the government or another authority.
*   **plagiarism**: The process or practice of using another person's ideas or work and pretending that it is your own.
*   **poverty**: The condition of being extremely poor.
*   **protest**: An act of showing publicly that you disagree with something, often through speeches, marches, or demonstrations.
*   **psychological**: Relating to the human mind and feelings.
*   **regulation**: An official rule.
*   **reputation**: The opinion that people in general have about someone or something.
*   **rural**: In, of, or like the countryside.
*   **scepticism**: An attitude that shows you doubt whether something is true or useful.
*   **seminar**: An occasion when a teacher or expert and a group of people meet to study and discuss something.
*   **shantytown**: An area in or on the edge of a city, in which poor people live in small, very cheaply built houses.
*   **smuggling**: The act or process of taking things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally.
*   **suburban**: Outside of a city.
*   **transportation**: The movement of people or goods from one place to another.

### Food and Cooking

*   **apron**: A piece of clothing worn over the front of other clothes to keep them clean when doing a dirty or messy job, especially cooking.
*   **bitterness**: An unpleasantly sharp taste.
*   **chef**: A skilled and trained cook who works in a hotel or restaurant, especially the most important cook.
*   **cookery**: The skill or activity of preparing and cooking food.
*   **cuisine**: A style of cooking.
*   **flour**: Powder made from grain, especially wheat, used for making bread, cakes, pasta, pastry, etc.
*   **food miles**: The distance between the place where food is grown or made and the place where it is eaten.
*   **freshness**: The state of being recently made, done, or arrived, and not yet changed by time.
*   **oven**: The part of a cooker with a door, used to bake or roast food.
*   **pan**: A metal container that is round and often deep with a long handle, used for cooking.
*   **pot**: A round container, typically made of metal or earthenware, used for cooking, serving, or storing food.
*   **pour**: To make a substance flow from a container, especially into another container, by raising just one side of the container that the substance is in.
*   **produce**: Food that is grown or made in large quantities to be sold.
*   **roast**: To cook food in an oven or over a fire.
*   **soften**: To become soft, or to make something soft.
*   **stove**: A piece of equipment that burns fuel or uses electricity in order to heat a place.
*   **temper**: To heat and then cool chocolate in order to give it a smooth texture and shiny appearance.

### Technology and Engineering

*   **bulb**: A light bulb.
*   **chipper**: A person or thing that turns something into chips.
*   **cockpit**: The small closed space where the pilot sits in an aircraft, or where the driver sits in a racing car.
*   **conveyor belt**: A continuous moving strip or surface that is used for transporting objects from one place to another.
*   **dam**: A wall built across a river that stops the river's flow and collects the water.
*   **grid**: A pattern or structure made from horizontal and vertical lines crossing each other to form squares.
*   **handset**: The part of a phone in two parts that you hold in front of your mouth and against your ear.
*   **kerosene lamp**: A lamp that burns oil for light.
*   **kiln**: A type of large oven used for making bricks and clay objects hard after they have been shaped.
*   **machinery**: A group of large machines or the parts of a machine that make it work.
*   **mechanical**: Operated by a machine, or connected with machines or their parts.
*   **mill**: A building where grain is crushed into flour.
*   **railroad**: The metal tracks on which trains run.
*   **vehicle**: A machine, usually with wheels and an engine, used for transporting people or goods, especially on land.

### Mathematics and Data

*   **arithmetic**: The part of mathematics that involves the adding and multiplying, etc. of numbers.
*   **coefficient**: A value, in mathematics, that appears in front of and multiplies another value.
*   **correlation**: A connection or relationship between two or more facts, numbers, etc.
*   **covariance**: A measure of the joint variability of two random variables.
*   **deviation**: The action of departing from an established course or accepted standard.
*   **dispersion**: The action or process of distributing things or people over a wide area.
*   **geometrically**: In a way that is made up of shapes such as squares, triangles, or rectangles.
*   **granularity**: The quality of including a lot of small details.
*   **halves**: Plural of half.
*   **metric**: Using or relating to a system of measurement that uses meters, centimeters, liters, etc.
*   **numeric**: Relating to numbers or amounts.
*   **ordinal**: A number such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, that shows the position of something in a list of things.
*   **orthonormal**: In linear algebra, a set of vectors is orthonormal if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length.
*   **perpendicular**: At an angle of 90° to a given line, plane, or surface.
*   **proportion**: The number or amount of a group or part of something when compared to the whole.
*   **quantitative**: Relating to numbers or amounts.
*   **quadruple**: To become four times as big, or to multiply a number or amount by four.
*   **ratio**: The relationship between two groups or amounts that expresses how much bigger one is than the other.
*   **Regression**: A return to a previous and less advanced or worse state, condition, or way of behaving.
*   **subtract**: To take a number or amount from another number or amount.
*   **tuple**: A structure of data that has several parts.
*   **Univariate**: Involving one variable quantity.

### General and Abstract Concepts

*   **accidental**: Happening or existing by chance.
*   **accomplish**: To finish something successfully or to achieve something.
*   **account for something**: To form the total of something.
*   **adequate**: Enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose.
*   **adverse**: Having a negative or harmful effect on something.
*   **aforementioned**: Mentioned earlier.
*   **alarmist**: Intentionally showing only the bad and dangerous things in a situation, and so worrying people.
*   **alertness**: The state of being ready to see, understand, and act in a particular situation.
*   **all-inclusive**: Including everything.
*   **alter**: To change something, usually slightly.
*   **ambitious**: Having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich.
*   **anomaly**: A person or thing that is different from what is usual.
*   **apparently**: Used to say you have read or been told something although you are not certain it is true.
*   **appeal**: The quality in someone or something that makes him, her, or it attractive or interesting.
*   **associate**: To connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else.
*   **attract**: To pull or draw someone or something towards them.
*   **authenticity**: The quality of being real or true.
*   **avail**: Use, purpose, advantage, or profit.
*   **avid**: Extremely eager or interested.
*   **barrier**: Something that stops people from going somewhere.
*   **bear/keep something in mind**: To remember a piece of information when you are making a decision or thinking about a matter.
*   **brainchild**: An original idea, plan, or invention.
*   **breakdown**: A failure to work or be successful.
*   **broadly**: In a general way, without considering specific examples or all the details.
*   **bulk**: Something or someone that is very large.
*   **burden**: Something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about.
*   **catastrophic**: Causing sudden and very great harm or destruction.
*   **categorical**: Relating to a category.
*   **chief**: Most important or main.
*   **classification**: The act of dividing things into groups according to their type.
*   **cluster**: A group of similar things that are close together.
*   **coherent**: Clear and carefully considered, and each part of it connects or follows in a natural or reasonable way.
*   **concentrate**: To direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject, or problem.
*   **conceal**: To prevent something from being seen or known about.
*   **condense**: To reduce something, such as a speech or piece of writing, in length.
*   **conduct**: To organize and perform a particular activity.
*   **conform**: To behave according to the usual standards of behavior that are expected by a group or society.
*   **confusion**: A situation in which people do not understand what is happening.
*   **consecutive**: Following one after another without an interruption.
*   **consist of something**: To be made of or formed from something.
*   **constraint**: Something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits.
*   **consult**: To get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subject.
*   **consultation**: A meeting to discuss something or to get advice.
*   **consumption**: The amount used or eaten.
*   **contextual**: Related to the context of something.
*   **contingency**: Something that might possibly happen in the future, usually causing problems.
*   **contiguous**: Next to or touching another, usually similar, thing.
*   **continuity**: The fact of something continuing for a long period of time without being changed or stopped.
*   **contract**: To get a serious disease.
*   **controversial**: Causing disagreement or discussion.
*   **convenience**: The state of being convenient.
*   **conventional**: Traditional and ordinary.
*   **conversely**: In an opposite way.
*   **conversion**: The process of converting something from one thing to another.
*   **cope**: To deal successfully with a difficult situation.
*   **corresponding**: Similar to, connected with, or caused by something else.
*   **cosmetic surgery**: A medical operation to improve a person's appearance.
*   **criterion**: A standard by which you judge, decide about, or deal with something.
*   **deal with**: To take action in order to achieve something or to solve a problem.
*   **decent**: Socially acceptable or good.
*   **degrade**: To cause people to feel that they or other people have no value.
*   **depict**: To represent or show something in a picture or story.
*   **derive**: To get something from something else.
*   **desirable**: Worth having and wanted by most people.
*   **despite**: Without being influenced by; not prevented by.
*   **determine**: To control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen.
*   **detrimental**: Causing harm or damage.
*   **dimension**: A measurement of something in a particular direction.
*   **diminish**: To reduce or be reduced in size or importance.
*   **disorientating**: Making someone confused about where they are, where they are going, or what is happening.
*   **dissatisfaction**: A lack of satisfaction.
*   **dissatisfied**: Not pleased with something.
*   **distinction**: A difference between two similar things.
*   **distinctive**: Easy to recognize because it is different from other things.
*   **distribute**: To give something out to several people, or to spread or supply something.
*   **disturbance**: Something that interrupts someone or makes someone feel worried.
*   **drastic**: Severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects.
*   **drawback**: A disadvantage or the negative part of a situation.
*   **dynamic**: Having a lot of ideas and enthusiasm.
*   **effectiveness**: The degree to which something is effective.
*   **elicit**: To get or produce something, especially information or a reaction.
*   **eligible**: Having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions.
*   **emerge**: To appear by coming out of something or out from behind something.
*   **energetic**: Having or involving a lot of energy.
*   **enormous**: Extremely large.
*   **enthusiasm**: A feeling of energetic interest in a particular subject or activity.
*   **envy**: To wish that you had something that another person has.
*   **equally**: Fairly and in the same way.
*   **erroneous**: Wrong or false.
*   **et cetera**: And other similar things.
*   **evaluation**: The process of judging or calculating the quality, importance, amount, or value of something.
*   **exclude**: To prevent someone or something from entering a place or taking part in an activity.
*   **exhaust**: To make someone extremely tired.
*   **exhilarating**: Making you feel very excited and happy.
*   **explicit**: Clear and exact.
*   **extensive**: Covering a large area; having a great range.
*   **extent**: Area or length; amount.
*   **extraordinary**: Very unusual, special, unexpected, or strange.
*   **fascinating**: Extremely interesting.
*   **favour**: The support or approval of something or someone.
*   **favourably**: In a way that shows someone or something is liked or approved of.
*   **feasible**: Able to be made, done, or achieved.
*   **finite**: Having a limit or end.
*   **forecast**: A statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future.
*   **formerly**: In the past.
*   **generalization**: A written or spoken statement in which you say or write that something is true all of the time when it is only true some of the time.
*   **halt**: To stop moving or doing something or to stop happening.
*   **harsh**: Unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than is necessary.
*   **have a go at someone**: To criticize someone.
*   **heterogeneous**: Consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other.
*   **humble**: Not proud or not believing that you are important.
*   **identical**: Exactly the same, or very similar.
*   **if only**: Used when you want to say how doing something would make it possible to avoid something unpleasant.
*   **imitate**: To behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behavior of someone or something.
*   **implication**: The effect that an action or decision will have on something else in the future.
*   **implicit**: Suggested but not communicated directly.
*   **imply**: To communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly.
*   **impression**: A mark made on the surface of something by pressing an object onto it.
*   **impute**: To represent (something, especially something undesirable) as being done, caused, or possessed by someone; to attribute.
*   **in time**: Early enough.
*   **inclusion**: The act of including someone or something as part of a group, list, etc.
*   **incorporate**: To include something as part of something larger.
*   **incur**: To experience something bad as a result of actions you have taken.
*   **indicator**: Something that shows what a situation is like.
*   **infer**: To form an opinion or guess that something is true because of the information that you have.
*   **inferential**: Based on inference.
*   **infinite**: Without limits.
*   **infinity**: Time or space that has no end.
*   **inflammatory**: Intended or likely to cause anger or hate.
*   **infringe on**: To take away some of someone's rights or to limit their freedom.
*   **inherent**: Existing as a natural or basic part of something.
*   **insist**: To say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say.
*   **integrity**: The quality of being whole and complete.
*   **intense**: Extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong.
*   **intensity**: The quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect.
*   **intention**: Something that you want and plan to do.
*   **interchangeably**: In a way that can be exchanged without making any difference or without being noticed.
*   **interpretation**: An explanation or opinion of what something means.
*   **interpretability**: The degree to which something can be understood, explained, or made sense of.
*   **interval**: A period between two events or times.
*   **intriguing**: Very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious.
*   **intuitively**: In a way that is based on feelings rather than facts or proof.
*   **involvement**: The act or process of taking part in something.
*   **invoke**: To use a law in order to achieve something, or to mention something in order to explain something or to support your opinion or action.
*   **ironically**: In a way that is interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would expect.
*   **irrelevant**: Not related to what is being discussed or considered and therefore not important.
*   **kick off**: To begin.
*   **laziness**: The quality of not being willing to work or use any effort.
*   **leap**: To make a large jump or sudden movement.
*   **leave out**: To not include someone or something.
*   **liable**: Having (legal) responsibility for something or someone.
*   **likelihood**: The chance that something will happen.
*   **likewise**: In the same way.
*   **live off**: To use someone or something to provide the money or food that you need to live.
*   **lively**: Full of energy and enthusiasm; interesting and exciting.
*   **look into**: To investigate something.
*   **lump someone/something together**: To put different groups together and think about them or deal with them in the same way.
*   **manipulate**: To control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly.
*   **matter**: A situation or subject that is being dealt with or considered.
*   **merit**: The quality of being good and deserving praise.
*   **mitigate**: To make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad.
*   **mix up**: To fail to recognize two people or things correctly by thinking that one person or thing is the other person or thing.
*   **moderate**: Neither small nor large in size, amount, degree, or strength.
*   **module**: One of the units that together make a course of study.
*   **move apart**: To separate.
*   **multidimensional**: Having many different features.
*   **neutral**: Not supporting or helping either side in a disagreement, competition, etc.
*   **nominal**: In name or thought but not in fact or not as things really are.
*   **nowadays**: At the present time, in comparison to the past.
*   **obey**: To act according to what you have been asked or ordered to do by someone in authority.
*   **objection**: The act of expressing or feeling opposition to or dislike of something or someone.
*   **observation**: The act of observing something or someone.
*   **occurrence**: Something that happens.
*   **offset**: To balance one influence against an opposing influence, so that there is no great difference as a result.
*   **outline**: The main shape or edge of something, without any details.
*   **paragliding**: The sport of jumping out of an aircraft with a special parachute that allows you to travel a long horizontal distance before you land.
*   **perfectionist**: A person who wants everything to be perfect and demands the highest standards possible.
*   **permit**: To allow something.
*   **persevere**: To continue making an effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time.
*   **phenomenon**: Something that exists and can be seen, felt, tasted, etc., especially something unusual or interesting.
*   **plummet**: To fall very quickly and suddenly.
*   **potency**: Strength, influence, or effectiveness.
*   **praise**: To express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing.
*   **precaution**: An action that is done to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous from happening.
*   **precautionary**: Intended to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous from happening.
*   **precipitate**: To make something happen suddenly or sooner than expected.
*   **precise**: Exact and accurate.
*   **prescribed**: Set by a rule or order.
*   **presently**: Now, at the present time.
*   **primitive**: Relating to human society at a very early stage of development.
*   **prior**: Existing or happening before something else.
*   **procedure**: A set of actions that is the official or accepted way of doing something.
*   **prohibit**: To officially refuse to allow something.
*   **proponent**: A person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action.
*   **proven**: Shown to be true.
*   **prudence**: Behavior that is careful and avoids risks.
*   **punishable**: A punishable crime is one that someone can be punished for.
*   **qualitative**: Relating to how good or bad something is.
*   **rarity**: Something that is very unusual, or the quality of being very unusual.
*   **rationale**: The reasons or intentions that cause a particular set of beliefs or actions.
*   **reactive**: Reacting to events or situations rather than acting first to change or prevent something.
*   **recipient**: A person who receives something.
*   **reckon**: To think or believe.
*   **redeem**: To make something or someone seem less bad.
*   **reduction**: The act of making something, or of something becoming, smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc.
*   **refine**: To improve an idea, method, system, etc., by making small changes.
*   **regardless**: Despite; not being affected by something.
*   **registered**: Officially listed and accepted.
*   **relieve**: To make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry, less strong.
*   **remarkable**: Unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning.
*   **remedy**: A successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty.
*   **represent**: To speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people.
*   **reservation**: An arrangement in which something such as a seat on an aircraft or a table at a restaurant is kept for you.
*   **residue**: The part that is left after the main part has gone or been taken away.
*   **restrict**: To limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing.
*   **resurgence**: A new increase of activity or interest in a particular subject or idea that had been forgotten for some time.
*   **revolutionize**: To completely change something so that it is much better.
*   **rise**: To move upwards.
*   **rival**: A person, group, etc., competing with others for the same thing or in the same area.
*   **robust**: (Of a person or animal) strong and healthy.
*   **roughly**: Approximately.
*   **satisfied**: Pleased because you have got what you wanted, or because something has happened in the way you wanted.
*   **scenario**: A description of possible actions or events in the future.
*   **scheme**: A plan or system for doing or organizing something.
*   **semester**: One of the two time periods that a school or college year is divided into.
*   **settle**: To reach a decision or an agreement about something, or to end a disagreement.
*   **shortage**: A situation in which there is not enough of something.
*   **siesta**: A rest or sleep taken after lunch, especially in hot countries.
*   **similarity**: The fact that people or things look or are the same.
*   **simultaneously**: In a way that is simultaneous (happening or being done at exactly the same time).
*   **situated**: In a particular position.
*   **skewed**: Not accurate or exact.
*   **snooze**: To sleep lightly for a short time, especially somewhere other than in your bed.
*   **so as to**: In order to.
*   **spare**: If something is spare, it is available to use because it is extra.
*   **spatiotemporal**: Relating to both space and time, or to space-time.
*   **specialist**: Someone who has a lot of experience, knowledge, or skill in a particular subject.
*   **speciality**: A product that is extremely good in a particular area.
*   **spectacular**: Very exciting to look at.
*   **speculate**: To guess possible answers to a question when you do not have enough information to be certain.
*   **stand**: To be in a vertical state or to put into a vertical state.
*   **strain**: A force or influence that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage.
*   **strata**: One of the parts or layers into which something is separated.
*   **strip**: To remove, pull, or tear the covering or outer layer from something.
*   **subsequent**: Happening after something else.
*   **substantial**: Large in size, value, or importance.
*   **superior**: Better than average or better than other people or things of the same type.
*   **suppress**: To end something by force.
*   **susceptible**: Easily influenced or harmed by something.
*   **symbolic**: Representing something else.
*   **take its/a toll**: If something takes its/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths, or damage.
*   **take something away**: To remove something.
*   **tendency**: If someone has a tendency to do or like something, they will probably do it or like it.
*   **thoroughly**: Completely, very much.
*   **thrilling**: Extremely exciting.
*   **thus**: In this way.
*   **tout**: To advertise, talk about, or praise something or someone repeatedly.
*   **trajectory**: The curved path that an object follows after it has been thrown or shot into the air.
*   **trance**: A temporary mental condition in which someone is not completely conscious of and/or not in control of himself or herself.
*   **tricky**: Difficult to deal with and needs careful attention or skill.
*   **turn down**: To refuse an offer or request.
*   **unconscious**: In the state of not being awake and not aware of things around you.
*   **undergo**: To experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change.
*   **undertake**: To do or begin to do something, especially something that will take a long time or be difficult.
*   **universally**: In a way that exists everywhere, or involves everyone.
*   **use up**: To finish a supply of something.
*   **variable**: Likely to change often.
*   **variant**: Something that is slightly different from other similar things.
*   **variation**: A change in amount or level.
*   **verge**: The edge or border of something.
*   **vigorously**: In a way that is very forceful or energetic.
*   **virtual**: Describes something that can be done or seen using a computer and therefore without going anywhere or talking to someone.
*   **virtually**: Almost.
*   **void**: A large hole or empty space.
*   **widespread**: Existing or happening in many places and/or among many people.
*   **wink**: To close one eye for a short time as a way of greeting someone or showing friendliness, sexual interest, etc., or of showing that you are not serious about something you have said.
*   **withdraw**: To take or move out or back, or to remove.
*   **worthwhile**: Useful, important, or good enough to be a suitable reward for the money or time spent or the effort made.

### Objects and Materials

*   **arc**: The shape of part of a circle, or other curved line.
*   **backyard**: A small space surrounded by walls at the back of a house, usually with a hard surface.
*   **bin**: To throw something away.
*   **blackout**: A time when all lights must be hidden by law, or when there is no light or power because of an electricity failure.
*   **bleach**: A strong chemical used for cleaning things or removing color from things.
*   **board**: A thin, flat piece of cut wood or other hard material, often used for a particular purpose.
*   **candle**: A stick-shaped piece of wax with a wick in the middle of it that produces light as it slowly burns.
*   **drum**: A musical instrument, especially one made with a stretched skin drawn tightly over a frame, played by beating with sticks or the hands.
*   **dye**: To change the color of something using a special liquid.
*   **fire retardant**: A substance that makes the progress or growth of something slower.
*   **glove**: A piece of clothing that is worn on the hand and wrist for warmth or protection, with separate parts for each finger.
*   **mud**: Earth that has been mixed with water.
*   **necklace**: A piece of jewelry worn around the neck.
*   **paraffin**: A type of oil that is used for burning in lamps and heaters.
*   **pottery**: The activity or skill of making clay objects by hand.
*   **powder**: A loose, dry substance that consists of extremely small pieces.
*   **roller coaster**: An elevated railway in an amusement park with sharp curves and steep inclines.
*   **rug**: A piece of thick heavy cloth smaller than a carpet, used for covering the floor or for decoration.
*   **shade**: Slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun.
*   **shell**: To remove peas, nuts, etc., from their shells or their natural covering.
*   **spun**: Past simple and past participle of spin.
*   **tent**: A shelter made of canvas or similar material and supported by poles and ropes.
*   **textile**: A cloth made by hand or machine.
*   **towel**: A piece of cloth or paper used for drying someone or something that is wet.
*   **wrist**: The part of the body between the hand and the arm.