I believe this is the same bug from alma detailed here: https://forums.almalinux.org/t/bug-epel-repo-missing-releasever-major-and-releasever-minor-values/5566/4
running rpm-ostree install (or likely any command that interacts with the RPM database) fails because the EPEL 10 repository configuration contains unexpanded variables ($releasever_major).
if you add 10 to /etc/dnf/vars/releasever_major it starts getting 404 errors as it fails to expand $releasever_minor, which the same trick doesn't solve
edit: this happens in both stable and alpha version