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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>
Examples of potential exclusions mapped to the International classification of Function (ICF) - Inclusive Tech Lab
</title>
<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/normalize/8.0.1/normalize.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
body {font: 1rem/1.1 sans-serif; margin:2rem;}
h2 {margin-top: 3rem;}
h3 {font-size:1rem; margin-bottom:0rem;}
ul {margin-top:0.3rem;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<h1>
Examples of potential exclusions mapped to the International classification of Function (ICF) - Inclusive Tech Lab
</h1>
<article aria-labelledby="energy-and-drive-functions-h" id="energy-and-drive-functions">
<h2 id="energy-and-drive-functions-h">
Energy and drive functions
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Other/Context
</b>
Energy and drive functions
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="energy-and-drive-functions-perceivable-h" id="energy-and-drive-functions-perceivable">
<h3 id="energy-and-drive-functions-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Tiny status cues for breaks are low contrast. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
users miss opportunities to rest. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="energy-and-drive-functions-operable-h" id="energy-and-drive-functions-operable">
<h3 id="energy-and-drive-functions-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Long forms provide no pause or save. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
users with low energy abandon mid-task. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="energy-and-drive-functions-understandable-h" id="energy-and-drive-functions-understandable">
<h3 id="energy-and-drive-functions-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Vague task goals drain motivation. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users cannot gauge effort required. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="energy-and-drive-functions-robust-h" id="energy-and-drive-functions-robust">
<h3 id="energy-and-drive-functions-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Sessions expire without autosave. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
partial work is lost on refresh. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="sleep-functions-h" id="sleep-functions">
<h2 id="sleep-functions-h">
Sleep functions
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Other/Context
</b>
Sleep functions
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="sleep-functions-perceivable-h" id="sleep-functions-perceivable">
<h3 id="sleep-functions-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Glare-heavy themes impair night reading. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
luminance overwhelms sleepy users. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sleep-functions-operable-h" id="sleep-functions-operable">
<h3 id="sleep-functions-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Precise gestures are required at night. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
drowsy users cannot operate controls. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sleep-functions-understandable-h" id="sleep-functions-understandable">
<h3 id="sleep-functions-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
No simplified night instructions. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
tired users misinterpret steps. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sleep-functions-robust-h" id="sleep-functions-robust">
<h3 id="sleep-functions-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Site ignores system dark-mode. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
user agents cannot reduce glare reliably. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="sustaining-attention-h" id="sustaining-attention">
<h2 id="sustaining-attention-h">
Sustaining attention
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Sustaining attention
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="sustaining-attention-perceivable-h" id="sustaining-attention-perceivable">
<h3 id="sustaining-attention-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Auto-updating regions change without highlight. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
users cannot see what moved. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sustaining-attention-operable-h" id="sustaining-attention-operable">
<h3 id="sustaining-attention-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Focus jumps during updates. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
keyboard users lose position mid-entry. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sustaining-attention-understandable-h" id="sustaining-attention-understandable">
<h3 id="sustaining-attention-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Dense pages lack grouping. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users cannot hold the task thread. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sustaining-attention-robust-h" id="sustaining-attention-robust">
<h3 id="sustaining-attention-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Live updates lack polite announcements. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive tech misses changes. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="shifting-attention-h" id="shifting-attention">
<h2 id="shifting-attention-h">
Shifting attention
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Shifting attention
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="shifting-attention-perceivable-h" id="shifting-attention-perceivable">
<h3 id="shifting-attention-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Competing banners dilute key cues. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
primary actions are visually buried. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="shifting-attention-operable-h" id="shifting-attention-operable">
<h3 id="shifting-attention-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Closing one panel drops focus unpredictably. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
users cannot resume work. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="shifting-attention-understandable-h" id="shifting-attention-understandable">
<h3 id="shifting-attention-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Parallel overlays fragment context. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users lose the current step. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="shifting-attention-robust-h" id="shifting-attention-robust">
<h3 id="shifting-attention-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Dialogs keep background focusable. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
screen readers leak into hidden content. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="dividing-attention-h" id="dividing-attention">
<h2 id="dividing-attention-h">
Dividing attention
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Dividing attention
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="dividing-attention-perceivable-h" id="dividing-attention-perceivable">
<h3 id="dividing-attention-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Help tooltips eclipse the field being completed. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
content becomes unreadable. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="dividing-attention-operable-h" id="dividing-attention-operable">
<h3 id="dividing-attention-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Two-input coordination is required. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
pointer and keyboard must be used together. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="dividing-attention-understandable-h" id="dividing-attention-understandable">
<h3 id="dividing-attention-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Status messages are unlabeled. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users must monitor multiple zones to proceed. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="dividing-attention-robust-h" id="dividing-attention-robust">
<h3 id="dividing-attention-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Status changes are not exposed as role=status. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive technologies (AT) provides no cues. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="sharing-attention-h" id="sharing-attention">
<h2 id="sharing-attention-h">
Sharing attention
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Sharing attention
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="sharing-attention-perceivable-h" id="sharing-attention-perceivable">
<h3 id="sharing-attention-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
New chat pings arrive audio-only. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
users miss critical task changes. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sharing-attention-operable-h" id="sharing-attention-operable">
<h3 id="sharing-attention-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Chat widget steals focus while typing. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
inputs are interrupted. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sharing-attention-understandable-h" id="sharing-attention-understandable">
<h3 id="sharing-attention-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Concurrent flows lack ordering. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users cannot coordinate actions. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="sharing-attention-robust-h" id="sharing-attention-robust">
<h3 id="sharing-attention-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
No landmarks link chat and main region. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive technologies (AT) cannot relate contexts. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="short-term-memory-h" id="short-term-memory">
<h2 id="short-term-memory-h">
Short-term memory
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Short-term memory
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="short-term-memory-perceivable-h" id="short-term-memory-perceivable">
<h3 id="short-term-memory-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Instructions fade before users can review. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
content cannot be re-read. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="short-term-memory-operable-h" id="short-term-memory-operable">
<h3 id="short-term-memory-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Code inputs cannot be copied. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
switching apps clears progress. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="short-term-memory-understandable-h" id="short-term-memory-understandable">
<h3 id="short-term-memory-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Earlier steps are hidden. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users cannot recall prior answers. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="short-term-memory-robust-h" id="short-term-memory-robust">
<h3 id="short-term-memory-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Form state is not persisted after errors. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
data entry restarts. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="long-term-memory-h" id="long-term-memory">
<h2 id="long-term-memory-h">
Long-term memory
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Long-term memory
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="long-term-memory-perceivable-h" id="long-term-memory-perceivable">
<h3 id="long-term-memory-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Labels and icons change between sessions. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
learned cues fail. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="long-term-memory-operable-h" id="long-term-memory-operable">
<h3 id="long-term-memory-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Trusted device prompts reoccur. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
repeated challenges block flow. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="long-term-memory-understandable-h" id="long-term-memory-understandable">
<h3 id="long-term-memory-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Icon-only UIs rely on prior learning. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users cannot retrieve meanings. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="long-term-memory-robust-h" id="long-term-memory-robust">
<h3 id="long-term-memory-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Custom widgets lack standard roles. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive technologies (AT) cannot map learned patterns. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="retrieval-of-memory-h" id="retrieval-of-memory">
<h2 id="retrieval-of-memory-h">
Retrieval of memory
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Retrieval of memory
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="retrieval-of-memory-perceivable-h" id="retrieval-of-memory-perceivable">
<h3 id="retrieval-of-memory-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Past searches are not surfaced. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
users cannot perceive history. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="retrieval-of-memory-operable-h" id="retrieval-of-memory-operable">
<h3 id="retrieval-of-memory-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
History is pointer-only. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
keyboard access to previous queries is absent. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="retrieval-of-memory-understandable-h" id="retrieval-of-memory-understandable">
<h3 id="retrieval-of-memory-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Saved presets are forgotten. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users must rebuild filters from memory. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="retrieval-of-memory-robust-h" id="retrieval-of-memory-robust">
<h3 id="retrieval-of-memory-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Autocomplete is not exposed to assistive technologies (AT). This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
history suggestions never surface. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="psychomotor-functions-h" id="psychomotor-functions">
<h2 id="psychomotor-functions-h">
Psychomotor functions
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Mobility
</b>
Psychomotor functions
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="psychomotor-functions-perceivable-h" id="psychomotor-functions-perceivable">
<h3 id="psychomotor-functions-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Fast micro-animations pull attention from controls. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
cues are missed. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="psychomotor-functions-operable-h" id="psychomotor-functions-operable">
<h3 id="psychomotor-functions-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Targets are small and tightly spaced. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
slowed motor responses cause errors. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="psychomotor-functions-understandable-h" id="psychomotor-functions-understandable">
<h3 id="psychomotor-functions-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Copy assumes rapid reactions. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
instructions omit pacing guidance. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="psychomotor-functions-robust-h" id="psychomotor-functions-robust">
<h3 id="psychomotor-functions-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
No alternate input paths. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
voice and keyboard equivalents are missing. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="emotional-functions-h" id="emotional-functions">
<h2 id="emotional-functions-h">
Emotional functions
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Other/Context
</b>
Emotional functions
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="emotional-functions-perceivable-h" id="emotional-functions-perceivable">
<h3 id="emotional-functions-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Error styling conveys meaning by color alone. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
urgency masks content. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="emotional-functions-operable-h" id="emotional-functions-operable">
<h3 id="emotional-functions-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Timed challenges escalate under stress. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
no option to extend. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="emotional-functions-understandable-h" id="emotional-functions-understandable">
<h3 id="emotional-functions-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Alarmist copy reduces confidence. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users abandon tasks. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="emotional-functions-robust-h" id="emotional-functions-robust">
<h3 id="emotional-functions-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Error summary is not linked to fields. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive technologies (AT) cannot direct repair. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="regulation-of-emotion-h" id="regulation-of-emotion">
<h2 id="regulation-of-emotion-h">
Regulation of emotion
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Regulation of emotion
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="regulation-of-emotion-perceivable-h" id="regulation-of-emotion-perceivable">
<h3 id="regulation-of-emotion-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Error styling conveys meaning by color alone. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
urgency masks content. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="regulation-of-emotion-operable-h" id="regulation-of-emotion-operable">
<h3 id="regulation-of-emotion-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Timed challenges escalate under stress. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
no option to extend. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="regulation-of-emotion-understandable-h" id="regulation-of-emotion-understandable">
<h3 id="regulation-of-emotion-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Alarmist copy reduces confidence. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
users abandon tasks. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="regulation-of-emotion-robust-h" id="regulation-of-emotion-robust">
<h3 id="regulation-of-emotion-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Error summary is not linked to fields. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive technologies (AT) cannot direct repair. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="visuospatial-perception-h" id="visuospatial-perception">
<h2 id="visuospatial-perception-h">
Visuospatial perception
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Other/Context
</b>
Visuospatial perception
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="visuospatial-perception-perceivable-h" id="visuospatial-perception-perceivable">
<h3 id="visuospatial-perception-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Column separators are low contrast. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
the layout collapses into a single mass. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="visuospatial-perception-operable-h" id="visuospatial-perception-operable">
<h3 id="visuospatial-perception-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Drag targets lack visual outlines. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
users cannot tell where to drop. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="visuospatial-perception-understandable-h" id="visuospatial-perception-understandable">
<h3 id="visuospatial-perception-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Stacked-card metaphors create spatial ambiguity. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
orientation is lost. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="visuospatial-perception-robust-h" id="visuospatial-perception-robust">
<h3 id="visuospatial-perception-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Focus rings are suppressed. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
assistive technologies (AT) users cannot track location. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="pace-of-thought-h" id="pace-of-thought">
<h2 id="pace-of-thought-h">
Pace of thought
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Pace of thought
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="pace-of-thought-perceivable-h" id="pace-of-thought-perceivable">
<h3 id="pace-of-thought-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Auto-advancing carousels move faster than reading speed. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
content is skipped. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="pace-of-thought-operable-h" id="pace-of-thought-operable">
<h3 id="pace-of-thought-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
One-time entry fields reject slow typing. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
submissions fail. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="pace-of-thought-understandable-h" id="pace-of-thought-understandable">
<h3 id="pace-of-thought-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Dense jargon inflates processing time. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
steps exceed session window. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="pace-of-thought-robust-h" id="pace-of-thought-robust">
<h3 id="pace-of-thought-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Async completions are silent. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
screen readers miss completion cues. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="higher-level-cognitive-functions-h" id="higher-level-cognitive-functions">
<h2 id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-h">
Higher-level cognitive functions
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Higher-level cognitive functions
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="higher-level-cognitive-functions-operable-h" id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-operable">
<h3 id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Provide keyboard and non-visual alternatives. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
avoid pointer-only interactions. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="higher-level-cognitive-functions-understandable-h" id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-understandable">
<h3 id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Use plain language and show clear goals. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
reduce cognitive load. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="higher-level-cognitive-functions-robust-h" id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-robust">
<h3 id="higher-level-cognitive-functions-robust-h">
Robust
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="robust">
Expose structure with proper roles. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
<li data-principle="robust">
ensure compatibility with assistive tech. This reduces compatibility with assistive technologies (AT) and alternative browsers, so the content cannot be reliably interpreted, announced, or controlled.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</article>
<article aria-labelledby="organization-and-planning-h" id="organization-and-planning">
<h2 id="organization-and-planning-h">
Organization and planning
</h2>
<p class="icf-label">
<b>
Cognition
</b>
Organization and planning
</p>
<section aria-labelledby="organization-and-planning-perceivable-h" id="organization-and-planning-perceivable">
<h3 id="organization-and-planning-perceivable-h">
Perceivable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
Step indicators are hidden. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
<li data-principle="perceivable">
users cannot perceive task structure. This can make it difficult or impossible for people with low vision, color-vision differences, or those using screen magnification to notice the information or change in time.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="organization-and-planning-operable-h" id="organization-and-planning-operable">
<h3 id="organization-and-planning-operable-h">
Operable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="operable">
Non-linear wizards allow dead ends. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
<li data-principle="operable">
no path back is offered. This may prevent people who rely on keyboard-only navigation, switch devices, eye-tracking, or voice control from completing the action without assistance.
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section aria-labelledby="organization-and-planning-understandable-h" id="organization-and-planning-understandable">
<h3 id="organization-and-planning-understandable-h">
Understandable
</h3>
<ul>
<li data-principle="understandable">
Nav labels mismatch page titles. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
<li data-principle="understandable">
planning breaks down. This increases cognitive load and confusion, particularly for people with cognitive or learning disabilities, and can lead to mistakes or task abandonment.
</li>
</ul>