[Maintenance]: Include environment and version information inside the JAR file

[kwvanderlinde]

Describe the problem

To get accurate sentry reporting and versioning information, we rely on users of the JAR files providing correct values for the sentry.environment system property and the -v application argument. This is not reliable.

The improvement you'd like to see

Prior to packaging the jar, write any relevant build information to resource files to be consumed by the application when run.

Expected Benefits

We will no longer rely on users of the JAR files to provide accurate information related to their build.

Additional Context

No response

[kwvanderlinde]

I haven't had a chance to verify, but this one is half-done already:

• For the sentry environment, we already write the value to sentry.properties (using sentry.properties.template as a template). Presumably this makes the command line definition of sentry.environment unnecessary.
• For the version number, we already support reading it from the JAR manifest, so it isn't required on the command line either.

But we should remove support for these options since there shouldn't be any need to override them from the command line if we already know what they should be when the JAR is built.

[kwvanderlinde]

I've verified it now that the both of the values in question do not need to be specified on the command line, though the command line options can be used to override the defaults.

I don't see a reaason to allow overriding either value, so I plan to remove support for specifying a command line version. I don't see a good way to do the same for sentry information, so that's just what it is.

[kwvanderlinde]

I also forgot about #5602, so we were already set to not include -Dsentry.environment outside of development builds.