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publications/beck2012methane.qmd

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title: 'Methane airborne measurements and comparison to global models during BARCA'
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author: 'Beck, Veronika and Chen, Huilin and Gerbig, Christoph and Bergamaschi, Peter and Bruhwiler, Lori and Houweling, Sander and Röckmann, Thomas and Kolle, Olaf and Steinbach, Julia and Koch, Thomas and Sapart, Célia J. and van der Veen, Carina and Frankenberg, Christian and Andreae, Meinrat O. and Artaxo, Paulo and Longo, Karla M. and Wofsy, Steven C.'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2012
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publication: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres'
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doi: '10.1029/2011jd017345'
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materials: ''
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supplement: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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toc: false
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---
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## Abstract
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Tropical regions, especially the Amazon region, account for large emissions of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Here, we present CH<sub>4</sub> observations from two airborne campaigns conducted within the BARCA (Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia) project in the Amazon basin in November 2008 (end of the dry season) and May 2009 (end of the wet season). We performed continuous measurements of CH<sub>4</sub> onboard an aircraft for the first time in the Amazon region, covering the whole Amazon basin with over 150 vertical profiles between altitudes of 500 m and 4000 m. The observations support the finding of previous ground‐based, airborne, and satellite measurements that the Amazon basin is a large source of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub>. Isotope analysis verified that the majority of emissions can be attributed to CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from wetlands, while urban CH<sub>4</sub> emissions could be also traced back to biogenic origin. A comparison of five TM<sub>5</sub> based global CH<sub>4</sub> inversions with the observations clearly indicates that the inversions using SCIAMACHY observations represent the BARCA observations best. The calculated CH<sub>4</sub> flux estimate obtained from the mismatch between observations and TM<sub>5</sub>‐modeled CH<sub>4</sub> fields ranges from 36 to 43 mg m−2 d−1 for the Amazon lowland region.
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title: 'Tipping point in North American Arctic-Boreal carbon sink persists in new generation Earth system models despite reduced uncertainty'
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author: 'Braghiere, Renato K and Fisher, Joshua B and Miner, Kimberley R and Miller, Charles E and Worden, John R and Schimel, David S and Frankenberg, Christian'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2023
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publication: 'Environmental Research Letters'
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doi: '10.1088/1748-9326/acb226'
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materials: ''
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supplement: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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toc: false
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---
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## Abstract
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Abstract
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Estimating the impacts of climate change on the global carbon cycle relies on projections from Earth system models (ESMs). While ESMs currently project large warming in the high northern latitudes, the magnitude and sign of the future carbon balance of Arctic-Boreal ecosystems are highly uncertain. The new generation of increased complexity ESMs in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report (IPCC AR<sub>6</sub>) is intended to improve future climate projections. Here, we benchmark the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) 5 and 6 (8 CMIP<sub>5</sub> members and 12 CMIP<sub>6</sub> members) with the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) tool over the region of NASA’s Arctic-Boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) in North America. We show that the projected average net biome production (NBP) in 2100 from CMIP<sub>6</sub> is higher than that from CMIP<sub>5</sub> in the ABoVE domain, despite the model spread being slightly narrower. Overall, CMIP<sub>6</sub> shows better agreement with contemporary observed carbon cycle variables (photosynthesis, respiration, biomass) than CMIP<sub>5</sub>, except for soil carbon and turnover time. Although both CMIP ensemble members project the ABoVE domain will remain a carbon sink by the end of the 21st century, the sink strength in CMIP<sub>6</sub> increases with CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. CMIP<sub>5</sub> and CMIP<sub>6</sub> ensembles indicate a tipping point defined here as a negative inflection point in the NBP curve by 2050–2080 independently of the shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) for CMIP<sub>6</sub> or representative concentration pathway (RCP) for CMIP<sub>5</sub>. The model ensembles therefore suggest that, if the carbon sink strength keeps declining throughout the 21st century, the Arctic-Boreal ecosystems in North America may become a carbon source over the next century.

publications/buchwitz2015the.qmd

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title: 'The greenhouse gas project of ESA’s climate change initiative (GHG-CCI): overview, achievements and future plans'
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author: 'Buchwitz, M. and Reuter, M. and Schneising, O. and Boesch, H. and Aben, I. and Alexe, M. and Armante, R. and Bergamaschi, P. and Bovensmann, H. and Brunner, D. and Buchmann, B. and Burrows, J. P. and Butz, A. and Chevallier, F. and Chédin, A. and Crevoisier, C. D. and Gonzi, S. and De Mazière, M. and De Wachter, E. and Detmers, R. and Dils, B. and Frankenberg, C. and Hahne, P. and Hasekamp, O. P. and Hewson, W. and Heymann, J. and Houweling, S. and Hilker, M. and Kaminski, T. and Kuhlmann, G. and Laeng, A. and v. Leeuwen, T. T. and Lichtenberg, G. and Marshall, J. and Noël, S. and Notholt, J. and Palmer, P. and Parker, R. and Scholze, M. and Stiller, G. P. and Warneke, T. and Zehner, C.'
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title: 'The Greenhouse Gas Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI): Comparison and quality assessment of near-surface-sensitive satellite-derived CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> global data sets'
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author: 'Buchwitz, M. and Reuter, M. and Schneising, O. and Boesch, H. and Guerlet, S. and Dils, B. and Aben, I. and Armante, R. and Bergamaschi, P. and Blumenstock, T. and Bovensmann, H. and Brunner, D. and Buchmann, B. and Burrows, J.P. and Butz, A. and Chédin, A. and Chevallier, F. and Crevoisier, C.D. and Deutscher, N.M. and Frankenberg, C. and Hase, F. and Hasekamp, O.P. and Heymann, J. and Kaminski, T. and Laeng, A. and Lichtenberg, G. and De Mazière, M. and Noël, S. and Notholt, J. and Orphal, J. and Popp, C. and Parker, R. and Scholze, M. and Sussmann, R. and Stiller, G.P. and Warneke, T. and Zehner, C. and Bril, A. and Crisp, D. and Griffith, D.W.T. and Kuze, A. and O''Dell, C. and Oshchepkov, S. and Sherlock, V. and Suto, H. and Wennberg, P. and Wunch, D. and Yokota, T. and Yoshida, Y.'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2015
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publication: 'The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences'
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doi: '10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-165-2015'
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publication: 'Remote Sensing of Environment'
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doi: '10.1016/j.rse.2013.04.024'
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materials: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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## Abstract
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Abstract. The GHG-CCI project (http://www.esa-ghg-cci.org/) is one of several projects of the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The goal of the CCI is to generate and deliver data sets of various satellite-derived Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) in line with GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) requirements. The “ECV Greenhouse Gases” (ECV GHG) is the global distribution of important climate relevant gases – namely atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> - with a quality sufficient to obtain information on regional CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> sources and sinks. The main goal of GHG-CCI is to generate long-term highly accurate and precise time series of global near-surface-sensitive satellite observations of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, i.e., XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCH<sub>4</sub>, starting with the launch of ESA’s ENVISAT satellite. These products are currently retrieved from SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT (2002-2012) and TANSO-FTS/GOSAT (2009-today) nadir mode observations in the near-infrared/shortwave-infrared spectral region. In addition, other sensors (e.g., IASI and MIPAS) and viewing modes (e.g., SCIAMACHY solar occultation) are also considered and in the future also data from other satellites. The GHG-CCI data products and related documentation are freely available via the GHG-CCI website and yearly updates are foreseen. Here we present an overview about the latest data set (Climate Research Data Package No. 2 (CRDP#2)) and summarize key findings from using satellite CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> retrievals to improve our understanding of the natural and anthropogenic sources and sinks of these important atmospheric greenhouse gases. We also shortly mention ongoing activities related to validation and initial user assessment of CRDP#2 and future plans.
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title: 'Evaluating photosynthetic activity across Arctic-Boreal land cover types using solar-induced fluorescence'
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author: 'Cheng, Rui and Magney, Troy S and Orcutt, Erica L and Pierrat, Zoe and Köhler, Philipp and Bowling, David R and Bret-Harte, M Syndonia and Euskirchen, Eugénie S and Jung, Martin and Kobayashi, Hideki and Rocha, Adrian V and Sonnentag, Oliver and Stutz, Jochen and Walther, Sophia and Zona, Donatella and Frankenberg, Christian'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2022
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publication: 'Environmental Research Letters'
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doi: '10.1088/1748-9326/ac9dae'
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materials: ''
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supplement: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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toc: false
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---
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## Abstract
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Abstract
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Photosynthesis of terrestrial ecosystems in the Arctic-Boreal region is a critical part of the global carbon cycle. Solar-induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF), a promising proxy for photosynthesis with physiological insight, has been used to track gross primary production (GPP) at regional scales. Recent studies have constructed empirical relationships between SIF and eddy covariance-derived GPP as a first step to predicting global GPP. However, high latitudes pose two specific challenges: (a) Unique plant species and land cover types in the Arctic–Boreal region are not included in the generalized SIF-GPP relationship from lower latitudes, and (b) the complex terrain and sub-pixel land cover further complicate the interpretation of the SIF-GPP relationship. In this study, we focused on the Arctic-Boreal vulnerability experiment (ABoVE) domain and evaluated the empirical relationships between SIF for high latitudes from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and a state-of-the-art machine learning GPP product (FluxCom). For the first time, we report the regression slope, linear correlation coefficient, and the goodness of the fit of SIF-GPP relationships for Arctic-Boreal land cover types with extensive spatial coverage. We found several potential issues specific to the Arctic-Boreal region that should be considered: (a) unrealistically high FluxCom GPP due to the presence of snow and water at the subpixel scale; (b) changing biomass distribution and SIF-GPP relationship along elevational gradients, and (c) limited perspective and misrepresentation of heterogeneous land cover across spatial resolutions. Taken together, our results will help improve the estimation of GPP using SIF in terrestrial biosphere models and cope with model-data uncertainties in the Arctic-Boreal region.

publications/cheng2022impact.qmd

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title: 'Impact of radiation variations on temporal upscaling of instantaneous Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence'
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author: 'Cheng, Rui and Köhler, Philipp and Frankenberg, Christian'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2022
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publication: 'Agricultural and Forest Meteorology'
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doi: '10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109197'
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materials: ''
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supplement: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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toc: false
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## Abstract
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title: 'Quantifying Global Power Plant Carbon Dioxide Emissions With Imaging Spectroscopy'
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author: 'Cusworth, Daniel H. and Duren, Riley M. and Thorpe, Andrew K. and Eastwood, Michael L. and Green, Robert O. and Dennison, Philip E. and Frankenberg, Christian and Heckler, Joseph W. and Asner, Gregory P. and Miller, Charles E.'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2021
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publication: 'AGU Advances'
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doi: '10.1029/2020av000350'
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materials: ''
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supplement: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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toc: false
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---
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## Abstract
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AbstractAnthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions dominate uncertainties in the global carbon budget. Global inventories, such as the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, have latencies of 12–24 months and may not keep pace with rapidly changing infrastructure, particularly in the developing world. Our work reveals that airborne and satellite imaging spectrometers provide 3–30 m spatial resolution and accurate quantification of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at the facility scale. Examples from 17 coal and gas fired power plants across the United States demonstrate robust correlation and 21% agreement on average between our remotely sensed estimates and simultaneous in situ measured emissions. We highlight four examples of coal‐fired power plants in India, Poland, and South Korea, where we quantify significant carbon dioxide emissions from power plants where limited public emissions data exist. Leveraging previous work on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) plume detection, we present a strategy to exploit joint CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> plume imaging to quantify carbon emissions across widely distributed industrial infrastructure, including facilities that co‐emit CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>. We show an example of a coal operation, where we attribute 25% of greenhouse gas emissions to coal extraction (CH<sub>4</sub>) and the remaining 75% to energy generation (CO<sub>2</sub>). Satellite spectrometers could track high emitting coal‐fired power plants that collectively contribute to 60% or more of global coal CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Multiple revisits and coordinated targeting of these high emitting facilities by multiple spaceborne instruments will be key to reducing uncertainties in global anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and supporting emissions mitigation strategies.
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title: 'California’s methane super-emitters'
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author: 'Duren, Riley M. and Thorpe, Andrew K. and Foster, Kelsey T. and Rafiq, Talha and Hopkins, Francesca M. and Yadav, Vineet and Bue, Brian D. and Thompson, David R. and Conley, Stephen and Colombi, Nadia K. and Frankenberg, Christian and McCubbin, Ian B. and Eastwood, Michael L. and Falk, Matthias and Herner, Jorn D. and Croes, Bart E. and Green, Robert O. and Miller, Charles E.'
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type: 'journal-article'
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year: 2019
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publication: 'Nature'
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doi: '10.1038/s41586-019-1720-3'
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materials: ''
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supplement: ''
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orcid_type: 'journal-article'
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toc: false
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---
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## Abstract
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