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109 | 109 | #' |
110 | 110 | #' A major difference between transition matrices and this individual-based model is that in the first, the three processes of reproduction, survival and development happen simultaneously while, in the second, they are explicitly modelled in sequence. |
111 | 111 | #' The sequence of these events and the time of the dispersal phase in relation to them can change the actual dynamics and density-dependencies in both population growth and dispersal. At the beginning of each year, reproduction is always the first |
112 | | -#' process to be modelled. After reproduction there are three choices: |
| 112 | +#' process to be modelled. However, there can be multiple reproductive seasons per year (default is one); in this case the year starts with a succession of all reproductive seasons. There are three choices for the scheduling of reproduction, survival, development and dispersal: |
113 | 113 | #' \itemize{ |
114 | | -#' \item \code{SurvSched=0}: Survival and development of all stages (apart from stage 0) occur simultaneously with reproduction; dispersal; survival and development of stage 0; aging; end of the year. |
115 | | -#' \item \code{SurvSched=1}: Dispersal; survival and successive development of all the stages; aging; end of the year. |
116 | | -#' \item \code{SurvSched=2}: Only for species having multiple reproductive seasons in a year: dispersal and then survival and development of all stages happen at the end of every reproductive season (i.e. more than once per year); aging; end of the year. |
| 114 | +#' \item \code{SurvSched=0}: For each reproductive season: reproduction; survival and development of all stages (apart from stage 0); dispersal; survival and development of stage 0. Then: aging; end of the year. |
| 115 | +#' \item \code{SurvSched=1}: For each reproductive season: reproduction; dispersal; survival and successive development of all stages. Then: aging; end of the year. |
| 116 | +#' \item \code{SurvSched=2}: For each reproductive season: reproduction; dispersal. Then: survival and development of all stages; aging; end of the year. This option applies only for species having multiple reproductive seasons in a year, otherwise it is equivalent to \code{SurvSched=1}. |
117 | 117 | #' } |
118 | | -#' Option 1 gives results that are comparable with the deterministic solution of the matrix. The choice will depend on the biology of the species. If the main mortality happens overwinter, option 2 might be more appropriate. |
| 118 | +#' Option \code{SurvSched=0} gives results that are comparable with the deterministic solution of the matrix. The choice will depend on the biology of the species. If the main mortality happens overwinter, option \code{SurvSched=1} might be more appropriate. |
| 119 | +#' |
| 120 | +#' Note that \code{SurvSched=1} in combination with multiple reproductive seasons (\code{RepSeasons>1}) implies several evaluations of the fecundity and the survival and development probabilities, so that the transition matrix should be set accordingly. |
| 121 | +#' If the transition matrix contains the annual survival and development rates, \code{SurvSched=2} is the appropriate option (fecundity, however, is still given per reproductive event). |
119 | 122 | #' |
120 | 123 | #' \emph{Density dependence} can act on each of the three demographic phases (i.e. reproduction, survival and development) and is controlled by \code{FecDensDep,DevDensDep,SurvDensDep}. |
121 | 124 | #' It is implemented as an exponential decay \insertCite{neubert2000}{RangeShiftR}: |
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