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+# 0005. Emulation overrides are exposed through named convenience methods
+
+- Status: Proposed
+- Date: 2026-06-11
+- Discussion: https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/pull/17675
+
+## Context
+
+BiDi has a substantial emulation surface — the spec defines eleven `emulation.set*`
+commands: `setGeolocationOverride`, `setLocaleOverride`, `setTimezoneOverride`,
+`setScreenOrientationOverride`, `setUserAgentOverride`, `setNetworkConditions`,
+`setForcedColorsModeThemeOverride`, `setScrollbarTypeOverride`, `setTouchOverride`,
+`setScriptingEnabled`, and `setScreenSettingsOverride`. Together these cover most of what
+users reach for when emulating a device or environment: location, locale, timezone, user
+agent, color scheme, touch, offline.
+
+Because the bindings generate one method per command directly from CDDL, all of this is
+*already reachable* — but only in raw form: parameter names and shapes follow the wire
+spec (`set_geolocation_override` with a coordinates descriptor, contexts/userContexts
+lists), so a simple "set the location to Paris" is more ceremony than it should be, and
+the available knobs are not discoverable as a coherent emulation API.
+
+Unlike network body collectors, these are not protocol gaps — the commands exist and are
+implemented. The only question is whether bindings wrap them in a friendly, discoverable,
+*consistent* shape, the way Playwright exposes `set_geolocation`, `grant_permissions`, and
+context emulation options (`locale`, `timezone_id`, `color_scheme`, `user_agent`,
+`offline`, `has_touch`). A further force: these overrides are **dynamic** in BiDi (apply
+mid-session), which is more flexible than Playwright's mostly-at-context-creation model —
+the wrappers should preserve that.
+
+## Decision
+
+Bindings expose **named convenience methods on the emulation module**, one per common
+override, with friendly arguments and binding-natural enums — delegating to the generated
+`emulation.set*Override` commands. The raw generated methods remain for full-fidelity or
+less-common parameters.
+
+Normative requirements:
+
+- Cover at least the high-use overrides: geolocation, locale, timezone, user agent,
+  network conditions (offline), forced-colors/color-scheme, and touch.
+- Methods accept friendly positional/named arguments (e.g. `latitude`, `longitude`),
+  not raw wire descriptors, and validate enum-like values.
+- Scope arguments (`contexts` / `user_contexts`) are accepted as optional parameters so
+  overrides can be global or scoped, matching the protocol.
+- Overrides apply dynamically and a "clear/reset" path is documented for those the spec
+  supports (passing the null/empty override).
+- Method **names and argument names are consistent across bindings** (allowing for each
+  language's casing convention) so documentation and user knowledge transfer.
+
+Code sketch — Python (reference implementation):
+
+```python
+driver.emulation.set_geolocation(latitude=48.8584, longitude=2.2945, accuracy=10)
+driver.emulation.set_locale("fr-FR")
+driver.emulation.set_timezone("Europe/Paris")
+driver.emulation.set_user_agent("Mozilla/5.0 ...")
+driver.emulation.set_network_conditions(offline=True)
+driver.emulation.set_forced_colors("active")
+driver.emulation.set_touch(enabled=True, max_touch_points=5)
+
+# raw escape hatch remains:
+driver.emulation.set_geolocation_override(<wire params>)
+```
+
+Code sketch — other bindings (idiomatic shape, same semantics):
+
+```javascript
+await driver.emulation().setGeolocation({ latitude: 48.8584, longitude: 2.2945 });
+await driver.emulation().setTimezone('Europe/Paris');
+```
+
+## Considered options
+
+- **Named convenience methods over the generated commands (chosen)** — discoverable,
+  friendly, consistent across bindings; preserves dynamic application and scoping; keeps
+  the raw methods as an escape hatch.
+- **Leave the raw generated methods as the only API** — zero new code, but the emulation
+  surface stays undiscoverable and every call carries wire-shape ceremony. Rejected: the
+  generated methods are a transport, not an ergonomic API.
+- **Bundle emulation into capabilities / session-creation options only** — matches some of
+  Playwright's model, but throws away BiDi's dynamic mid-session application, which is a
+  genuine advantage. Rejected: would be a downgrade from what the protocol allows.
+
+## Consequences
+
+- Device/environment emulation becomes discoverable and consistent across bindings with
+  minimal new surface (thin wrappers).
+- A naming decision is locked in across five bindings; getting the names right here avoids
+  per-binding drift. The binding-status table tracks convergence.
+- The wrappers are thin and low-risk; raw methods are untouched, so this is purely
+  additive.
+- Some overrides (e.g. screen settings, scrollbar type) are left to the raw methods until
+  there is demonstrated demand — the decision deliberately scopes the convenience set to
+  high-use overrides rather than wrapping all eleven.
+
+## Binding status
+
+| Binding    | Status  | Notes / tracking link                                                  |
+|------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Java       | pending |                                                                        |
+| Python     | pending | all 11 `emulation.set*Override` generated (raw); friendly wrappers not yet built |
+| Ruby       | pending |                                                                        |
+| .NET       | pending |                                                                        |
+| JavaScript | pending |                                                                        |
+
+## Appendix
+
+The eleven `emulation.*` commands in the BiDi spec: `setGeolocationOverride`,
+`setLocaleOverride`, `setTimezoneOverride`, `setScreenOrientationOverride`,
+`setUserAgentOverride`, `setNetworkConditions`, `setForcedColorsModeThemeOverride`,
+`setScrollbarTypeOverride`, `setTouchOverride`, `setScriptingEnabled`,
+`setScreenSettingsOverride`. All take optional `contexts`/`userContexts` scoping. These
+are existing, implemented commands; this decision is about the binding-side convenience
+layer, not protocol support.