diff --git a/.changeset/fix-btree-multi-column-comparator.md b/.changeset/fix-btree-multi-column-comparator.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff6a61c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-btree-multi-column-comparator.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/db': patch
+---
+
+Fix BTree index receiving the wrong comparator when a query uses multiple `orderBy` columns. The multi-column array comparator was passed to `ensureIndexForField` to create a single-column index, causing the BTree to treat all indexed values as equal. This collapsed the index to a single entry, making `takeFromStart()` return at most 1 key and breaking live query subscriptions that relied on the index for pagination (e.g. `useLiveInfiniteQuery` with `.orderBy(col1).orderBy(col2).limit(n)`). The fix passes a proper single-column comparator built from the first `orderBy` column's compare options.
diff --git a/packages/db/src/query/compiler/order-by.ts b/packages/db/src/query/compiler/order-by.ts
index 6ed5f958c..0d07a1a41 100644
--- a/packages/db/src/query/compiler/order-by.ts
+++ b/packages/db/src/query/compiler/order-by.ts
@@ -158,12 +158,19 @@ export function processOrderBy(
         )
 
         if (fieldName) {
+          // Use a single-column comparator for the index, not the
+          // multi-column `compare` function. The multi-column comparator
+          // expects array values [col1, col2, ...] but the index stores
+          // individual field values. Passing `compare` here causes the
+          // BTree to treat all single values as equal (since number[0]
+          // === undefined for both sides of the comparison).
+          const firstColumnCompareFn = makeComparator(compareOpts)
           ensureIndexForField(
             fieldName,
             followRefResult.path,
             followRefCollection,
             compareOpts,
-            compare,
+            firstColumnCompareFn,
           )
         }
 
diff --git a/packages/db/tests/deterministic-ordering.test.ts b/packages/db/tests/deterministic-ordering.test.ts
index d353b4d87..8011e339e 100644
--- a/packages/db/tests/deterministic-ordering.test.ts
+++ b/packages/db/tests/deterministic-ordering.test.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,13 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 import { SortedMap } from '../src/SortedMap'
 import { BTreeIndex } from '../src/indexes/btree-index'
 import { createCollection } from '../src/collection/index.js'
+import { createLiveQueryCollection } from '../src/query/live-query-collection.js'
+import { eq } from '../src/query/builder/functions.js'
 import { PropRef } from '../src/query/ir'
+import { makeComparator } from '../src/utils/comparison.js'
+import { DEFAULT_COMPARE_OPTIONS } from '../src/utils.js'
 import { mockSyncCollectionOptions } from './utils'
+import type { Collection } from '../src/collection/index.js'
 
 /**
  * These tests verify deterministic ordering behavior when values compare as equal.
@@ -216,6 +221,94 @@ describe(`Deterministic Ordering`, () => {
       const secondBatch = index.take(3, 1)
       expect(secondBatch).toEqual([`d`, `e`, `f`])
     })
+
+    it(`should use single-column comparator correctly with desc direction`, () => {
+      const singleColumnCompare = makeComparator({
+        ...DEFAULT_COMPARE_OPTIONS,
+        direction: `desc`,
+      })
+
+      const index = new BTreeIndex(
+        1,
+        new PropRef([`createdAt`]),
+        `createdAt_desc`,
+        { compareFn: singleColumnCompare },
+      )
+
+      for (let i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
+        index.add(`item-${i}` as any, {
+          createdAt: 1735689600000 + i * 1000,
+        })
+      }
+
+      expect(index.keyCount).toBe(26)
+      expect(index.takeFromStart(30, () => true).length).toBe(26)
+    })
+
+    it(`should correctly index all items when using a multi-column orderBy query`, async () => {
+      interface Msg {
+        id: string
+        threadId: string
+        createdAt: number
+      }
+
+      let beginFn: () => void
+      let writeFn: (msg: { type: string; value: Msg }) => void
+      let commitFn: () => void
+
+      const collection: Collection<Msg, string> = createCollection<Msg, string>(
+        {
+          id: `multi-col-orderby-messages`,
+          getKey: (item) => item.id,
+          startSync: true,
+          sync: {
+            sync: ({ begin, write, commit, markReady }) => {
+              beginFn = begin
+              writeFn = write as any
+              commitFn = commit
+              begin()
+              commit()
+              markReady()
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      )
+
+      await collection.stateWhenReady()
+
+      const thread1 = Array.from({ length: 26 }, (_, i) => ({
+        id: `t1-${i}`,
+        threadId: `t1`,
+        createdAt: 1735689600000 + i * 1000,
+      }))
+      const thread2 = Array.from({ length: 6 }, (_, i) => ({
+        id: `t2-${i}`,
+        threadId: `t2`,
+        createdAt: 1735689700000 + i * 1000,
+      }))
+
+      beginFn!()
+      for (const msg of [...thread1, ...thread2]) {
+        writeFn!({ type: `insert`, value: msg })
+      }
+      commitFn!()
+      expect(collection.size).toBe(32)
+
+      // Multi-column orderBy with where and limit
+      const liveQuery = createLiveQueryCollection({
+        query: (q: any) =>
+          q
+            .from({ msg: collection })
+            .where(({ msg }: any) => eq(msg.threadId, `t2`))
+            .orderBy(({ msg }: any) => msg.createdAt, `desc`)
+            .orderBy(({ msg }: any) => msg.id, `desc`)
+            .limit(30),
+      })
+
+      await liveQuery.preload()
+      const results = Array.from(liveQuery)
+      expect(results.length).toBe(6)
+    })
   })
 
   describe(`Collection iteration`, () => {