From 44d1069d50092fa6dbf713f1e93cb9dc25760e0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gopesh Pandey <gopeshpandey0807@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2026 03:44:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Added volume_of_torus algorithm in maths

Implemented the formula for the volume of a torus with type hints and doctests.
---
 maths/volume_of_torus.py | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 maths/volume_of_torus.py

diff --git a/maths/volume_of_torus.py b/maths/volume_of_torus.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3bb97364692c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/maths/volume_of_torus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+"""
+Volume of a Torus
+Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus
+"""
+
+from math import pi
+
+
+def volume_of_torus(major_radius: float, minor_radius: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Calculate the volume of a torus.
+
+    Formula:
+        V = 2 * π² * R * r²
+
+    :param major_radius: Distance from the center of the tube to the center of the torus (R)
+    :param minor_radius: Radius of the tube (r)
+    :return: Volume of the torus
+
+    >>> volume_of_torus(3.0, 1.0)
+    59.21762640653615
+    >>> volume_of_torus(5.0, 2.0)
+    394.7841760435743
+    >>> volume_of_torus(0.0, 0.0)
+    0.0
+    """
+    if major_radius < 0:
+        raise ValueError("major_radius must be non-negative")
+    if minor_radius < 0:
+        raise ValueError("minor_radius must be non-negative")
+
+    return 2 * (pi ** 2) * major_radius * (minor_radius ** 2)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()

From dada185cc64796f8e211a6ec688831e7cb679e33 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 16 Jan 2026 22:18:35 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 maths/volume_of_torus.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/maths/volume_of_torus.py b/maths/volume_of_torus.py
index 3bb97364692c..f517ad8af1a1 100644
--- a/maths/volume_of_torus.py
+++ b/maths/volume_of_torus.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def volume_of_torus(major_radius: float, minor_radius: float) -> float:
     if minor_radius < 0:
         raise ValueError("minor_radius must be non-negative")
 
-    return 2 * (pi ** 2) * major_radius * (minor_radius ** 2)
+    return 2 * (pi**2) * major_radius * (minor_radius**2)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

From d2caa39bd83e263d257237fddeacf742f69e9dcb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Gopesh Pandey <gopeshpandey0807@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 17 Jan 2026 18:31:27 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Fix formatting and style issues in volume_of_torus

---
 maths/volume_of_torus.py | 13 +++++--------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/maths/volume_of_torus.py b/maths/volume_of_torus.py
index f517ad8af1a1..61232705551d 100644
--- a/maths/volume_of_torus.py
+++ b/maths/volume_of_torus.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 """
-Volume of a Torus
+Volume of a Torus.
+
 Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torus
 """
 
@@ -21,15 +22,11 @@ def volume_of_torus(major_radius: float, minor_radius: float) -> float:
     59.21762640653615
     >>> volume_of_torus(5.0, 2.0)
     394.7841760435743
-    >>> volume_of_torus(0.0, 0.0)
-    0.0
     """
-    if major_radius < 0:
-        raise ValueError("major_radius must be non-negative")
-    if minor_radius < 0:
-        raise ValueError("minor_radius must be non-negative")
+    if major_radius < 0 or minor_radius < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Radii must be non-negative")
 
-    return 2 * (pi**2) * major_radius * (minor_radius**2)
+    return 2 * pi**2 * major_radius * minor_radius**2
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":