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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<title>HTML doc</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>HTML Documentation</h2>
<p>
Hypertext Markup Language, a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages:"an HTML file"
</p>
<br />
<h5>Now we will learn about each HTML element -</h5>
<!-- <hr width="1000px" /> -->
<hr />
<hr />
<h3>Heading Tags</h3>
<p>
The <h1> to <h6> tags are used to define HTML headings. <br /> <h1<h1> defines the most important heading. <br><h6> defines the least important heading.
</p>
<ul type="square">
<li>
<h4>h1 tag</h4>
<code>
<h1> This is Heading 1 </h1>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h1>This is Heading 1</h1>
</li>
<li>
<h4>h2 tag</h4>
<code>
<h2> This is Heading 2 </h2>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h2>This is Heading 2</h2>
</li>
<li>
<h4>h3 tag</h4>
<code>
<h3> This is Heading 3 </h3>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h3>This is Heading 3</h3>
</li>
<li>
<h4>h4 tag</h4>
<code>
<h4> This is Heading 4 </h4>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h4>This is Heading 4</h4>
</li>
<li>
<h4>h5 tag</h4>
<code>
<h5> This is Heading 5 </h5>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h5>This is Heading 5</h5>
</li>
<li>
<h4>h6 tag</h4>
<code>
<h6> This is Heading 6 </h6>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h6>This is Heading 6</h6>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<br />
<h3>Paragraph Tags</h3>
<p>
The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph. A paragraph always starts on a new line, and browsers automatically add some white space (a margin) before and after a paragraph.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>p tag</h4>
<code>
<p> This is paragraph </p>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<p>This is paragraph</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
The <pre> tag defines preformatted text. Text in a <pre> element is displayed in a fixed-width font, and the text preserves both spaces and line breaks. The text will be displayed exactly as written in the HTML source code.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>pre tag</h4>
<code>
<pre> This is preformatted text. </pre>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<pre> This is preformatted text. </pre>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<h3>Text Formatting Tags</h3>
<p>
HTML contains several elements for defining text with a special meaning.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>b tag</h4>
<code>
<b> This is Bold text </b>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<b>This is Bold text</b>
</li>
<li>
<h4>strong tag</h4>
<code>
<strong> This is Strong text </strong>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<strong>This is Strong text</strong>
</li>
<li>
<h4>i tag</h4>
<code>
<i> This is Italic text </i>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<i>This is Italic text</i>
</li>
<li>
<h4>em tag</h4>
<code>
<em> This is Emphasized text </em>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<em>This is Emphasized text</em>
</li>
<li>
<h4>mark tag</h4>
<code>
<mark> This is Marked text </mark>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<mark>This is Marked text</mark>
</li>
<li>
<h4>small tag</h4>
<code>
<small> This is Smaller text </small>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<small>This is Smaller text</small>
</li>
<li>
<h4>del tag</h4>
<code>
<del> This is Deleted text </del>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<del>This is Deleted text</del>
</li>
<li>
<h4>ins tag</h4>
<code>
<ins> This is Inserted text </ins>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<ins>This is Inserted text</ins>
</li>
<li>
<h4>sub tag</h4>
<code>
<sub> This is Subscript text </sub>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<sub>This is Subscript text</sub>
</li>
<li>
<h4>sup tag</h4>
<code>
<sup> This is Superscript text </sup>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<sup>This is Superscript text</sup>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<h3>Quotation and Citation Elements</h3>
<p>
When learning to write HTML quotation code, beginners often get confused about the difference between quotation and citation. It is actually very simple: quotation uses exact words from the author, and citation expresses their ideas using different words.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>abbr tag</h4>
<p>
The HTML <abbr> tag defines an abbreviation or an acronym, like "HTML", "CSS", "Mr.", "Dr.", "ASAP", "ATM". Marking abbreviations can give useful information to browsers, translation systems and search-engines.
<br> Tip: Use the global title attribute to show the description for the abbreviation/acronym when you mouse over the element.
</p>
<code>
<abbr> WHO </abbr>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<abbr title="World Health Organization">WHO</abbr>
</li>
<li>
<h4>address tag</h4>
<p>
The HTML <address> tag defines the contact information for the author/owner of a document or an article.The contact information can be an email address, URL, physical address, phone number, social media handle, etc. The text in the <address>
element usually renders in italic, and browsers will always add a line break before and after the <address> element.
</p>
<code>
<address><br>
Written by John Doe.<br><br>
Visit us at:<br><br>
Example.com<br><br>
Box 564, Disneyland<br><br>
USA <br>
</address>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<address>Written by John Doe.<br>
Visit us at:<br>
Example.com<br>
Box 564, Disneyland<br>
USA</address>
</li>
<li>
<h4>bdo tag</h4>
<p>
BDO stands for Bi-Directional Override.<br> The HTML <bdo> tag is used to override the current text direction.
</p>
<code>
<bdo dir="rtl"> This text will be written from right to left. </bdo>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<bdo dir="rtl">This text will be written from right to left.</bdo>
</li>
<li>
<h4>blockquote tag</h4>
<p>
The HTML <blockquote> element defines a section that is quoted from another source. <br> Browsers usually indent <blockquote> elements.
</p>
<code>
<blockquote cite="http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/index.html" >
For 50 years, WWF has been protecting the future of nature.
The world's leading conservation organization,
WWF works in 100 countries and is supported by
1.2 million members in the United States and
close to 5 million globally.
</blockquote>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<blockquote cite="http://www.worldwildlife.org/who/index.html">
For 50 years, WWF has been protecting the future of nature. The world's leading conservation organization, WWF works in 100 countries and is supported by 1.2 million members in the United States and close to 5 million globally.
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<h4>cite tag</h4>
<p>
The HTML <cite> tag defines the title of a creative work (e.g. a book, a poem, a song, a movie, a painting, a sculpture, etc.). <br> Note: A person's name is not the title of a work. <br> The text in the <cite> element usually
renders in <i>italic</i>.
</p>
<code>
<p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<p><cite>The Scream</cite> by Edvard Munch. Painted in 1893.</p>
</li>
<li>
<h4>q tag</h4>
<p>
The HTML <q> tag defines a short quotation. Browsers normally insert quotation marks around the quotation.
</p>
<code>
<p> WWF's goal is to : <q> Build a future where people live in harmony with nature </q></p>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<p>WWF's goal is to: <q>Build a future where people live in harmony with nature.</q></p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<h3>Commenting Tags</h3>
<p>
Comment tags are used to insert comments in the HTML source code. You can add comments to your HTML source by using the following syntax: commenting in html Notice that there is an exclamation point (!) in the opening tag, but not in the closing tag.
Comments are not displayed by the browser, but they can help document your HTML source code.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>Comment Tag</h4>
<code>
<!-- Write your comments here -->
</code>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Hde Content</h4>
<code>
<!-- <p>This is another paragraph </p> -->
</code>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Hide Inline Content</h4>
<code>
<p>This <!-- great text --> is a paragraph.</p>
</code>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<h3>Link Tags</h3>
<p>
Links are found in nearly all web pages. Links allow users to click their way from page to page.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>Hyperlinks</h4>
<p>
HTML links are hyperlinks. <br> You can click on a link and jump to another document. <br> When you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand. <br> Note: A link does not have to be text. A link can be an
image or any other HTML element!
</p>
<h5>Syntax :</h5>
<code>
<a href="url">link text</a>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<a href="url">link text</a>
</li>
<li>
<h4>target attribute </h4>
<p>
By default, the linked page will be displayed in the current browser window. To change this, you must specify another target for the link. <br> The target attribute specifies where to open the linked document.
<ul>
The target attribute can have one of the following values:
<li>
_self - Default. Opens the document in the same window/tab as it was clicked
</li>
<li>
_blank - Opens the document in a new window or tab
</li>
<li>
_parent - Opens the document in the parent frame
</li>
<li>
_top - Opens the document in the full body of the window
</li>
</ul>
<code>
<br><br>
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/" target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>
</p>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Absolute URLs vs Relative URLs</h4>
<p>
Both examples above are using an absolute URL (a full web address) in the href attribute. <br> A local link (a link to a page within the same website) is specified with a relative URL (without the "https://www" part)
</p>
<code>
<h2>Absolute URLs</h2> <br>
<p><a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a></p> <br>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/">Google</a></p> <br>
<br>
<h2>Relative URLs</h2> <br>
<p><a href="html_images.asp">HTML Images</a></p> <br>
<p><a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a></p>
</code>
<p>Output - </p>
<h2>Absolute URLs</h2>
<p><a href="https://www.w3.org/">W3C</a></p>
<p><a href="https://www.google.com/">Google</a></p>
<h2>Relative URLs</h2>
<p><a href="html_images.asp">HTML Images</a></p>
<p><a href="/css/default.asp">CSS Tutorial</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Link to an Email address</h4>
<p>
Use mailto: inside the href attribute to create a link that opens the user's email program (to let them send a new email)
</p>
<code>
<a href="mailto:someone@example.com">Send email</a>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<a href="mailto:someone@example.com">Send email</a>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Button as a link</h4>
<p>
To use an HTML button as a link, you have to add some JavaScript code. JavaScript allows you to specify what happens at certain events, such as a click of a button
</p>
<code>
<button onclick="document.location='default.asp'">HTML Tutorial</button>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<button onclick="document.location='default.asp'">HTML Tutorial</button>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Link Titles</h4>
<p>
The title attribute specifies extra information about an element. The information is most often shown as a tooltip text when the mouse moves over the element.
</p>
<code>
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" title="Go to W3Schools HTML section">Visit our HTML Tutorial</a>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com/html/" title="Go to W3Schools HTML section">Visit our HTML Tutorial</a>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<h3>Image Tags</h3>
<p>
The HTML <img> tag is used to embed an image in a web page.
<br> Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web pages. The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.
<br> The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag.
<br>
<br> The <img> tag has two required attributes:
<ul>
<li>
src - Specifies the path to the image
</li>
<li>
alt - Specifies an alternate text for the image
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h5>Syntax :</h5>
<code>
<img src="url" alt="alternatetext">
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<img src="url" alt="alternatetext">
<ul>
<li>
<h4>src Attribute</h4>
<p>
The required src attribute specifies the path (URL) to the image. <br> Note: When a web page loads, it is the browser, at that moment, that gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the image
actually stays in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon and the alt text are shown if the browser cannot find the image.
</p>
<code>
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
</li>
<li>
<h4>alt Attribute</h4>
<p>
The required alt attribute provides an alternate text for an image, if the user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).
<br>The value of the alt attribute should describe the image. <br>If a browser cannot find an image, it will display the value of the alt attribute.
</p>
<code>
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania">
</li>
<li>
<h4>Image Size : Width and Height</h4>
<p>
You can use the style attribute to specify the width and height of an image. <br> Alternatively, you can use the width and height attributes. <br> The width and height attributes always define the width and height of the image in pixels.
</p>
<code>
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" style="width:500px;height:600px;"> <br>
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" width="500" height="600">
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" style="width:500px;height:600px;"><br>
<img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket" width="500" height="600">
</li>
<li>
<h4>Images in Another Folder/Server/Website</h4>
<p>
If you have your images in a sub-folder, you must include the folder name in the src attribute. <br> Some web sites point to an image on another server. <br> To point to an image on another server, you must specify an absolute (full) URL
in the src attribute
</p>
<code>
<img src="/images/html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;"> <br>
<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com">
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<img src="/images/html5.gif" alt="HTML5 Icon" style="width:128px;height:128px;">
<img src="https://www.w3schools.com/images/w3schools_green.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com">
</li>
<li>
<h4>Animated Images</h4>
<p>HTML allows animated GIFs</p>
<code>
<img src="programming.gif" alt="Computer Man" style="width:48px;height:48px;">
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<img src="programming.gif" alt="Computer Man" style="width:48px;height:48px;">
</li>
<li>
<h4>Image as a link</h4>
<p>To use an image as a link, put the <img> tag inside the <a> tag</p>
<code>
<a href="default.asp"> <br>
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
</a>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<a href="default.asp">
<img src="smiley.gif" alt="HTML tutorial" style="width:42px;height:42px;">
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%" />
<h3>Favicon Tags</h3>
<p>A favicon is a small image displayed next to the page title in the browser tab.</p>
<h4>How to add a favicon tag</h4>
<p>
You can use any image you like as your favicon. You can also create your own favicon on sites like
<ins>
https://www.favicon.cc.
</ins>
<br> Tip: A favicon is a small image, so it should be a simple image with high contrast.
<br> A favicon image is displayed to the left of the page title in the browser tab
</p>
<p>
To add a favicon to your website, either save your favicon image to the root directory of your webserver, or create a folder in the root directory called images, and save your favicon image in this folder.
<br> A common name for a favicon image is "favicon.ico".
<br> Next, add a <link> element to your "index.html" file, after the <title> element.
</p>
<code>
<title>My Page Title</title> <br>
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="/images/favicon.ico">
</code>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Tables</h3>
<p>
A table in HTML consists of table cells inside rows and columns
</p>
<code>
<table> <br>
<tr> <br>
<th>Company</th> <br>
<th>Contact</th> <br>
<th>Country</th> <br>
</tr> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>Alfreds Futterkiste</td> <br>
<td>Maria Anders</td> <br>
<td>Germany</td> <br>
</tr> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>Centro comercial Moctezuma</td> <br>
<td>Francisco Chang</td> <br>
<td>Mexico</td> <br>
</tr> <br>
</table>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Company</th>
<th>Contact</th>
<th>Country</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Alfreds Futterkiste</td>
<td>Maria Anders</td>
<td>Germany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Centro comercial Moctezuma</td>
<td>Francisco Chang</td>
<td>Mexico</td>
</tr>
</table>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>Table Cells</h4>
<p>
Each table cell is defined by a <td> and a </td> tag.
<br> td stands for table data.
<br> Everything between <td> and </td> are the content of the table cell.
</p>
<code>
<table> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>Emil</td> <br>
<td>Tobias</td> <br>
<td>Linus</td><br>
</tr><br>
</table>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Emil</td>
<td>Tobias</td>
<td>Linus</td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Table Rows</h4>
<p>
Each table row starts with a <tr> and end with a </tr> tag.
<br> tr stands for table row.
</p>
<code>
<table> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>Emil</td> <br>
<td>Tobias</td> <br>
<td>Linus</td> <br>
</tr> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>16</td> <br>
<td>14</td> <br>
<td>10</td> <br>
</tr> <br>
</table>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Emil</td>
<td>Tobias</td>
<td>Linus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>16</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Table Headers</h4>
<p>
</p>
<code>
<table> <br>
<tr> <br>
<th>Person 1</th> <br>
<th>Person 2</th> <br>
<th>Person 3</th> <br>
</tr> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>Emil</td> <br>
<td>Tobias</td> <br>
<td>Linus</td> <br>
</tr> <br>
<tr> <br>
<td>16</td> <br>
<td>14</td> <br>
<td>10</td> <br>
</tr> <br>
</table>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>Person 1</th>
<th>Person 2</th>
<th>Person 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Emil</td>
<td>Tobias</td>
<td>Linus</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>16</td>
<td>14</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
</table>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Lists</h3>
<p>HTML lists allow web developers to group a set of related items in lists.</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>Unordered List</h4>
<p>
An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
<br> The list items will be marked with bullets (small black circles) by default
</p>
<code>
<ul> <br>
<li>Coffee</li> <br>
<li>Tea</li> <br>
<li>Milk</li> <br>
</ul>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Ordered List</h4>
<p>
An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
<br> The list items will be marked with numbers by default
</p>
<code>
<ol> <br>
<li>Coffee</li> <br>
<li>Tea</li> <br>
<li>Milk</li> <br>
</ol>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Tea</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Description Lists</h4>
<p>
HTML also supports description lists.
<br> A description list is a list of terms, with a description of each term.
<br> The <dl> tag defines the description list, the <dt> tag defines the term (name), and the <dd> tag describes each term
</p>
<code>
<dl> <br>
<dt>Coffee</dt> <br>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd> <br>
<dt>Milk</dt> <br>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd> <br>
</dl>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Iframes</h3>
<p>An HTML iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.</p>
<p>
The HTML <iframe> tag specifies an inline frame.
<br> An inline frame is used to embed another document within the current HTML document.
</p>
<code>
<iframe src="url" title="description"></iframe>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<iframe src="url" title="description"></iframe>
<p>
Tip: It is a good practice to always include a title attribute for the <iframe>. This is used by screen readers to read out what the content of the iframe is.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<h4>Set height and width</h4>
<p>
Use the height and width attributes to specify the size of the iframe. The height and width are specified in pixels by default.
</p>
<code>
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" height="200" width="300" title="Iframe Example"></iframe>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" height="200" width="300" title="Iframe Example"></iframe>
</li>
<li>
<h4>Target for a Link</h4>
<p>
An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.
<br> The target attribute of the link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe
</p>
<code>
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a" title="Iframe Example"></iframe>
<br>
<p><a href="https://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></p>
</code>
<p>Output -</p>
<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a" title="Iframe Example"></iframe>
<p><a href="https://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Layout Elements and Techniques</h3>
<p>
Websites often display content in multiple columns (like a magazine or a newspaper).
</p>
HTML has several semantic elements that define the different parts of a web page:
<ul>
<li>
<header> - Defines a header for a document or a section
</li>
<li>
<nav> - Defines a set of navigation links
</li>
<li>
<section> - Defines a section in a document
</li>
<li>
<article> - Defines an independent, self-contained content
</li>
<li>
<aside> - Defines content aside from the content (like a sidebar)
</li>
<li>
<footer> - Defines a footer for a document or a section
</li>
<li>
<details> - Defines additional details that the user can open and close on demand
</li>
<li>
<summary> - Defines a heading for the <details> element
</li>
<details>
<summary>Press this drop down</summary>
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fugit excepturi minima natus ipsa tempore? Tenetur ea ipsam quod laborum veniam sunt illo dicta obcaecati? Ducimus, quae!
<ol type="a.">
<li>
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</li>
<li>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit, amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Obcaecati voluptatem aliquam laboriosam commodi sequi. Tempore maxime quae mollitia impedit aliquam.
</li>
</ol>
</details>
</ul>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Responsive Web Design</h3>
<p>
Responsive web design is about creating web pages that look good on all devices!
<br> A responsive web design will automatically adjust for different screen sizes and viewports.
<br> Responsive Web Design is about using HTML and CSS to automatically resize, hide, shrink, or enlarge, a website, to make it look good on all devices (desktops, tablets, and phones).
</p>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Semantic Elements</h3>
<p>
A semantic element clearly describes its meaning to both the browser and the developer.
<br> Examples of non-semantic elements: <div> and <span> - Tells nothing about its content.<br> Examples of semantic elements: <form>, <table>, and <article> - Clearly defines its content.
</p>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Semantic Elements</h3>
<p>
Many web sites contain HTML code like: <div id="nav"> <div class="header"> <div id="footer"> to indicate navigation, header, and footer.
<br> In HTML there are some semantic elements that can be used to define different parts of a web page.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<article>
</li>
<li>
<aside>
</li>
<li>
<details>
</li>
<li>
<figcaption>
</li>
<li>
<figure>
</li>
<li>
<footer>
</li>
<li>
<header>
</li>
<li>
<main>
</li>
<li>
<mark>
</li>
<li>
<nav>
</li>
<li>
<section>
</li>
<li>
<summary>
</li>
<li>
<time>
</li>
</ul>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Style Guide</h3>
<p>
A consistent, clean, and tidy HTML code makes it easier for others to read and understand your code.
<br> Here are some guidelines and tips for creating good HTML code.
</p>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Entities</h3>
<p>
Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities.
<br>Some characters are reserved in HTML.
<br> If you use the less than (
<) or greater than (>) signs in your text, the browser might mix them with tags.
<br> Character entities are used to display reserved characters in HTML.
<br>To add real spaces to your text, you can use the character entity.
<div class="container">
<ul>
<li>
This is another paragraph with two spaces
</li>
<li>
This is another paragraph <p>
</li>
<li>
Pound is £
</li>
<li>
Copyright is ©
</li>
<li>
Another character is written like ⇛
</li>
<li>
Another character is written like ¼
</li>
<li>
Empty character is written like this ​
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</p>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Symbols</h3>
<p>
Symbols that are not present on your keyboard can also be added by using entities.
<br> Many mathematical, technical, and currency symbols, are not present on a normal keyboard.
<br>To add such symbols to an HTML page, you can use the entity name or the entity number (a decimal or a hexadecimal reference) for the symbol.
</p>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Emojis</h3>
<p>
Emojis look like images, or icons, but they are not.
<br> They are letters (characters) from the UTF-8 (Unicode) character set.
<br> To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know the character set used in the page.
<br>Many UTF-8 characters cannot be typed on a keyboard, but they can always be displayed using numbers (called entity numbers).
</p>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Encoding(Character Set)</h3>
<p>
To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know which character set to use.
<br>ASCII was the first character encoding standard. ASCII defined 128 different characters that could be used on the internet: numbers (0-9), English letters (A-Z), and some special characters like ! $ + - ( ) @
<> .
<br>To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know the character set used in the page.
<br> This is specified in the <meta> tag
</p>
<code>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
</code>
<hr width="90%">
<h3>Uniform Resource Locators</h3>
<p>
A URL is another word for a web address.
<br> A URL can be composed of words (e.g. w3schools.com), or an Internet Protocol (IP) address (e.g. 192.68.20.50).
<br> Most people enter the name when surfing, because names are easier to remember than numbers.
</p>
<p>
Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL.
<br> A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is used to address a document (or other data) on the web.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
scheme - defines the type of Internet service (most common is http or https)