diff --git a/src/Directory.Build.props b/src/Directory.Build.props
index 22e61ff..640ee5f 100644
--- a/src/Directory.Build.props
+++ b/src/Directory.Build.props
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 <Project>
   <PropertyGroup>
     <NoWarn>CS1591</NoWarn>
-    <Version>3.8.8</Version>
+    <Version>3.9.0</Version>
     <AssemblyVersion>1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
     <LangVersion>preview</LangVersion>
diff --git a/src/Directory.Packages.props b/src/Directory.Packages.props
index 647cef0..9ee0eae 100644
--- a/src/Directory.Packages.props
+++ b/src/Directory.Packages.props
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageVersion Include="MarkdownSnippets.MsBuild" Version="28.4.1" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="DeterministicPdf" Version="1.0.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU" Version="14.15.0" />
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="18.8.1" />
     <PackageVersion Include="NUnit" Version="4.6.1" />
diff --git a/src/Tests/PasswordSamples.cs b/src/Tests/PasswordSamples.cs
index 15b894e..834588d 100644
--- a/src/Tests/PasswordSamples.cs
+++ b/src/Tests/PasswordSamples.cs
@@ -1,8 +1,21 @@
 [TestFixture]
 public class PasswordSamples
 {
+    // A password protected pdf cannot produce a deterministic pdf target, so the pdf target is
+    // excluded and only the rendered pages are verified.
     [Test]
     public Task PasswordSample() =>
         VerifyFile("password.pdf")
-            .ImageMagickPdfPassword("password");
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+            .ImageMagickPdfPassword("password")
+            .ExcludeTargets("pdf");
+
+    [Test]
+    public void PasswordWithPdfTargetThrows()
+    {
+        var exception = Assert.ThrowsAsync<Exception>(
+            () => VerifyFile("password.pdf")
+                .ImageMagickPdfPassword("password"))!;
+
+        Assert.That(exception.Message, Does.Contain("""ExcludeTargets("pdf")"""));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/Tests/Tests.VerifyPdf.verified.pdf b/src/Tests/Tests.VerifyPdf.verified.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6cdb4c
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/Tests/Tests.VerifyPdf.verified.pdf differ
diff --git a/src/Tests/Tests.VerifyPdfWithName#name.verified.pdf b/src/Tests/Tests.VerifyPdfWithName#name.verified.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6cdb4c
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/Tests/Tests.VerifyPdfWithName#name.verified.pdf differ
diff --git a/src/Verify.ImageMagick/GlobalUsings.cs b/src/Verify.ImageMagick/GlobalUsings.cs
index 29c4d80..6c12e9e 100644
--- a/src/Verify.ImageMagick/GlobalUsings.cs
+++ b/src/Verify.ImageMagick/GlobalUsings.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-global using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+global using DeterministicPdf;
+global using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
 global using EmptyFiles;
 global using ImageMagick;
 global using ImageMagick.Formats;
diff --git a/src/Verify.ImageMagick/Verify.ImageMagick.csproj b/src/Verify.ImageMagick/Verify.ImageMagick.csproj
index af946a4..30b25d9 100644
--- a/src/Verify.ImageMagick/Verify.ImageMagick.csproj
+++ b/src/Verify.ImageMagick/Verify.ImageMagick.csproj
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
     <TargetFrameworks>net48;net6.0;net7.0;net8.0;net9.0;net10.0</TargetFrameworks>
   </PropertyGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="DeterministicPdf" />
     <PackageReference Include="Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU" />
     <PackageReference Include="Polyfill" PrivateAssets="all" />
     <PackageReference Include="Verify" />
diff --git a/src/Verify.ImageMagick/VerifyImageMagick_Pdf.cs b/src/Verify.ImageMagick/VerifyImageMagick_Pdf.cs
index 68e97b4..2127aac 100644
--- a/src/Verify.ImageMagick/VerifyImageMagick_Pdf.cs
+++ b/src/Verify.ImageMagick/VerifyImageMagick_Pdf.cs
@@ -16,8 +16,23 @@ internal static ConversionResult Convert(string? name, Stream stream, IReadOnlyD
         var magickSettings = context.MagickReadSettings();
         magickSettings.Format = magickFormat;
         var password = context.PdfPassword();
+        var includePdf = !context.IsTargetExcluded("pdf");
         if (password != null)
         {
+            // Checked before rendering, which is the expensive part, so the failure is immediate.
+            // An encrypted document cannot have a deterministic pdf snapshot: the trailer /ID seeds
+            // the encryption key, so neutralizing it would leave the document undecryptable. Rather
+            // than silently omitting the target, which would make the snapshot set differ from an
+            // unencrypted document for no visible reason, this is explicit.
+            if (includePdf)
+            {
+                throw new(
+                    """
+                    A password protected pdf cannot produce a deterministic pdf target, since the trailer /ID seeds the encryption key and neutralizing it would leave the document undecryptable.
+                    Exclude the pdf target to verify only the rendered pages: ExcludeTargets("pdf")
+                    """);
+            }
+
             magickSettings.SetDefines(
                 new PdfReadDefines
                 {
@@ -25,6 +40,10 @@ internal static ConversionResult Convert(string? name, Stream stream, IReadOnlyD
                 });
         }
 
+        // Made seekable so the source document can be re-read for the pdf target after
+        // MagickImageCollection has consumed it.
+        stream = WrapStream(stream);
+
         using var images = new MagickImageCollection();
         images.Read(stream, magickSettings);
         var count = images.Count;
@@ -47,6 +66,22 @@ internal static ConversionResult Convert(string? name, Stream stream, IReadOnlyD
             streams.Add(memoryStream);
         }
 
-        return new(null, streams.Select(_ => new Target("png", _, name)));
+        List<Target> targets = [];
+
+        // The pdf snapshot is always the full document, regardless of PagesToInclude, which trims
+        // only the rendered pages above. Mirrors the svg target in ConvertSvg, which likewise emits
+        // the source document alongside the render.
+        if (includePdf)
+        {
+            stream.Position = 0;
+            targets.Add(
+                new("pdf", PdfNormalizer.Normalize(stream), name, performConversion: false)
+                {
+                    BypassComparersForSubsequentOnDifference = true
+                });
+        }
+
+        targets.AddRange(streams.Select(_ => new Target("png", _, name)));
+        return new(null, targets);
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file