diff --git a/src/wp-admin/includes/file.php b/src/wp-admin/includes/file.php
index 0c6d968ea02d3..431a4078e3481 100644
--- a/src/wp-admin/includes/file.php
+++ b/src/wp-admin/includes/file.php
@@ -764,6 +764,7 @@ function validate_file_to_edit( $file, $allowed_files = array() ) {
  *
  * @access private
  * @since 4.0.0
+ * @since 7.1.0 Added the `$post` parameter.
  *
  * @see wp_handle_upload_error
  *
@@ -790,8 +791,10 @@ function validate_file_to_edit( $file, $allowed_files = array() ) {
  *     @type bool     $test_type                Whether to test that the mime type of the file is as expected.
  *     @type string[] $mimes                    Array of allowed mime types keyed by their file extension regex.
  * }
- * @param string      $time      Time formatted in 'yyyy/mm'.
- * @param string      $action    Expected value for `$_POST['action']`.
+ * @param string|null  $time     Time to use for the upload directory. Accepts a 'yyyy/mm'
+ *                                formatted string or a MySQL datetime.
+ * @param string       $action   Expected value for `$_POST['action']`.
+ * @param WP_Post|null $post     Optional. Post object the upload is associated with. Default null.
  * @return array {
  *     On success, returns an associative array of file attributes.
  *     On failure, returns `$overrides['upload_error_handler']( &$file, $message )`
@@ -802,7 +805,7 @@ function validate_file_to_edit( $file, $allowed_files = array() ) {
  *     @type string $type Mime type of the newly-uploaded file.
  * }
  */
-function _wp_handle_upload( &$file, $overrides, $time, $action ) {
+function _wp_handle_upload( &$file, $overrides, $time, $action, $post = null ) {
 	// The default error handler.
 	if ( ! function_exists( 'wp_handle_upload_error' ) ) {
 		function wp_handle_upload_error( &$file, $message ) {
@@ -975,6 +978,23 @@ function wp_handle_upload_error( &$file, $message ) {
 		$type = '';
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Filters the time value used to determine the directory where the file is stored.
+	 *
+	 * The filtered value is passed to wp_upload_dir(), where it is used to determine
+	 * the year/month subdirectory when year/month folders are enabled.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 *
+	 * @param string|null  $time      Time to use for the upload directory. Accepts a 'yyyy/mm'
+	 *                                formatted string or a MySQL datetime.
+	 * @param WP_Post|null $post      Post object the upload is associated with, or null.
+	 * @param array        $file      Reference to a single element from `$_FILES`.
+	 * @param array|false  $overrides An array of override parameters for this file, or boolean false.
+	 * @param string       $action    Expected value for `$_POST['action']`.
+	 */
+	$time = apply_filters( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $time, $post, $file, $overrides, $action );
+
 	/*
 	 * A writable uploads dir will pass this test. Again, there's no point
 	 * overriding this one.
@@ -1083,6 +1103,7 @@ function wp_handle_upload_error( &$file, $message ) {
  * Passes the {@see 'wp_handle_upload'} action.
  *
  * @since 2.0.0
+ * @since 7.1.0 Added the `$post` parameter.
  *
  * @see _wp_handle_upload()
  *
@@ -1092,16 +1113,18 @@ function wp_handle_upload_error( &$file, $message ) {
  * @param array|false $overrides Optional. An associative array of names => values
  *                               to override default variables. Default false.
  *                               See _wp_handle_upload() for accepted values.
- * @param string|null $time      Optional. Time formatted in 'yyyy/mm'. Default null.
+ * @param string|null  $time     Optional. Time to use for the upload directory. Accepts a 'yyyy/mm'
+ *                               formatted string or a MySQL datetime. Default null.
+ * @param WP_Post|null $post     Optional. Post object the upload is associated with. Default null.
  * @return array See _wp_handle_upload() for return value.
  */
-function wp_handle_upload( &$file, $overrides = false, $time = null ) {
+function wp_handle_upload( &$file, $overrides = false, $time = null, $post = null ) {
 	/*
 	 *  $_POST['action'] must be set and its value must equal $overrides['action']
 	 *  or this:
 	 */
 	$action = $overrides['action'] ?? 'wp_handle_upload';
-	return _wp_handle_upload( $file, $overrides, $time, $action );
+	return _wp_handle_upload( $file, $overrides, $time, $action, $post );
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1110,6 +1133,7 @@ function wp_handle_upload( &$file, $overrides = false, $time = null ) {
  * Passes the {@see 'wp_handle_sideload'} action.
  *
  * @since 2.6.0
+ * @since 7.1.0 Added the `$post` parameter.
  *
  * @see _wp_handle_upload()
  *
@@ -1119,16 +1143,18 @@ function wp_handle_upload( &$file, $overrides = false, $time = null ) {
  * @param array|false $overrides Optional. An associative array of names => values
  *                               to override default variables. Default false.
  *                               See _wp_handle_upload() for accepted values.
- * @param string|null $time      Optional. Time formatted in 'yyyy/mm'. Default null.
+ * @param string|null  $time     Optional. Time to use for the upload directory. Accepts a 'yyyy/mm'
+ *                               formatted string or a MySQL datetime. Default null.
+ * @param WP_Post|null $post     Optional. Post object the upload is associated with. Default null.
  * @return array See _wp_handle_upload() for return value.
  */
-function wp_handle_sideload( &$file, $overrides = false, $time = null ) {
+function wp_handle_sideload( &$file, $overrides = false, $time = null, $post = null ) {
 	/*
 	 *  $_POST['action'] must be set and its value must equal $overrides['action']
 	 *  or this:
 	 */
 	$action = $overrides['action'] ?? 'wp_handle_sideload';
-	return _wp_handle_upload( $file, $overrides, $time, $action );
+	return _wp_handle_upload( $file, $overrides, $time, $action, $post );
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/wp-admin/includes/media.php b/src/wp-admin/includes/media.php
index 71ae2a9eea4cc..c3e4bfa481b7e 100644
--- a/src/wp-admin/includes/media.php
+++ b/src/wp-admin/includes/media.php
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ function media_handle_upload( $file_id, $post_id, $post_data = array(), $overrid
 		}
 	}
 
-	$file = wp_handle_upload( $_FILES[ $file_id ], $overrides, $time );
+	$file = wp_handle_upload( $_FILES[ $file_id ], $overrides, $time, $post );
 
 	if ( isset( $file['error'] ) ) {
 		return new WP_Error( 'upload_error', $file['error'] );
@@ -465,8 +465,14 @@ function media_handle_upload( $file_id, $post_id, $post_data = array(), $overrid
 function media_handle_sideload( $file_array, $post_id = 0, $desc = null, $post_data = array() ) {
 	$overrides = array( 'test_form' => false );
 
+	$post = null;
+
 	if ( isset( $post_data['post_date'] ) && substr( $post_data['post_date'], 0, 4 ) > 0 ) {
 		$time = $post_data['post_date'];
+
+		if ( $post_id ) {
+			$post = get_post( $post_id );
+		}
 	} else {
 		$post = get_post( $post_id );
 		if ( $post && substr( $post->post_date, 0, 4 ) > 0 ) {
@@ -476,7 +482,7 @@ function media_handle_sideload( $file_array, $post_id = 0, $desc = null, $post_d
 		}
 	}
 
-	$file = wp_handle_sideload( $file_array, $overrides, $time );
+	$file = wp_handle_sideload( $file_array, $overrides, $time, $post );
 
 	if ( isset( $file['error'] ) ) {
 		return new WP_Error( 'upload_error', $file['error'] );
diff --git a/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-attachments-controller.php b/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-attachments-controller.php
index 21805778ba659..77cc81a99f142 100644
--- a/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-attachments-controller.php
+++ b/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-attachments-controller.php
@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ class WP_REST_Attachments_Controller extends WP_REST_Posts_Controller {
 	 */
 	protected $allow_batch = false;
 
+	/**
+	 * Post object associated with the current upload.
+	 *
+	 * @since 7.1.0
+	 * @var WP_Post|null
+	 */
+	private $upload_post = null;
+
 	/**
 	 * Registers the routes for attachments.
 	 *
@@ -436,6 +444,7 @@ protected function insert_attachment( $request ) {
 		$headers = $request->get_headers();
 
 		$time = null;
+		$post = null;
 
 		// Matches logic in media_handle_upload().
 		if ( ! empty( $request['post'] ) ) {
@@ -446,12 +455,16 @@ protected function insert_attachment( $request ) {
 			}
 		}
 
+		$this->upload_post = $post;
+
 		if ( ! empty( $files ) ) {
 			$file = $this->upload_from_file( $files, $headers, $time );
 		} else {
 			$file = $this->upload_from_data( $request->get_body(), $headers, $time );
 		}
 
+		$this->upload_post = null;
+
 		if ( is_wp_error( $file ) ) {
 			return $file;
 		}
@@ -1479,7 +1492,7 @@ protected function upload_from_data( $data, $headers, $time = null ) {
 			'test_form' => false,
 		);
 
-		$sideloaded = wp_handle_sideload( $file_data, $overrides, $time );
+		$sideloaded = wp_handle_sideload( $file_data, $overrides, $time, $this->upload_post );
 
 		if ( isset( $sideloaded['error'] ) ) {
 			@unlink( $tmpfname );
@@ -1653,7 +1666,7 @@ protected function upload_from_file( $files, $headers, $time = null ) {
 		// Include filesystem functions to get access to wp_handle_upload().
 		require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/file.php';
 
-		$file = wp_handle_upload( $files['file'], $overrides, $time );
+		$file = wp_handle_upload( $files['file'], $overrides, $time, $this->upload_post );
 
 		if ( isset( $file['error'] ) ) {
 			return new WP_Error(
@@ -2064,12 +2077,16 @@ public function sideload_item( WP_REST_Request $request ) {
 			$time = $parent_post->post_date;
 		}
 
+		$this->upload_post = $parent_post;
+
 		if ( ! empty( $files ) ) {
 			$file = $this->upload_from_file( $files, $headers, $time );
 		} else {
 			$file = $this->upload_from_data( $request->get_body(), $headers, $time );
 		}
 
+		$this->upload_post = null;
+
 		remove_filter( 'wp_unique_filename', $filter_filename );
 		remove_filter( 'image_editor_output_format', '__return_empty_array', 100 );
 
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/media.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/media.php
index c3e118ee718d5..513daf86bc1c2 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/tests/media.php
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/media.php
@@ -3129,6 +3129,158 @@ public function test_media_handle_upload_ignores_page_parent_for_directory_date(
 		$this->assertSame( $expected, $url );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 46554
+	 */
+	public function test_media_handle_upload_time_can_be_filtered_for_page_parent() {
+		$iptc_file = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image-iptc.jpg';
+
+		// Make a copy of this file as it gets moved during the file upload.
+		$tmp_name = wp_tempnam( $iptc_file );
+
+		copy( $iptc_file, $tmp_name );
+
+		$_FILES['upload'] = array(
+			'tmp_name' => $tmp_name,
+			'name'     => 'test-image-iptc.jpg',
+			'type'     => 'image/jpeg',
+			'error'    => 0,
+			'size'     => filesize( $iptc_file ),
+		);
+
+		$parent_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+			array(
+				'post_date' => '2010-01-01 12:00:00',
+				'post_type' => 'page',
+			)
+		);
+
+		$filter_args = null;
+		$filter      = static function ( $time, $post, $file, $overrides, $action ) use ( &$filter_args ) {
+			$filter_args = array(
+				'time'      => $time,
+				'post'      => $post,
+				'file'      => $file,
+				'overrides' => $overrides,
+				'action'    => $action,
+			);
+
+			if ( $post instanceof WP_Post && 'page' === $post->post_type ) {
+				return $post->post_date;
+			}
+
+			return $time;
+		};
+
+		add_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10, 5 );
+
+		$post_id = media_handle_upload(
+			'upload',
+			$parent_id,
+			array(),
+			array(
+				'action'    => 'test_iptc_upload',
+				'test_form' => false,
+			)
+		);
+
+		remove_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10 );
+		unset( $_FILES['upload'] );
+
+		$this->assertNotWPError( $post_id );
+
+		$url         = wp_get_attachment_url( $post_id );
+		$uploads_dir = wp_upload_dir( '2010/01' );
+		$expected    = $uploads_dir['url'] . '/test-image-iptc.jpg';
+
+		// Clean up.
+		wp_delete_attachment( $post_id, true );
+		wp_delete_post( $parent_id, true );
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $url );
+		$this->assertIsString( $filter_args['time'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'test-image-iptc.jpg', $filter_args['file']['name'] );
+		$this->assertFalse( $filter_args['overrides']['test_form'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'test_iptc_upload', $filter_args['action'] );
+		$this->assertInstanceOf( WP_Post::class, $filter_args['post'] );
+		$this->assertSame( $parent_id, $filter_args['post']->ID );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 46554
+	 */
+	public function test_media_handle_sideload_time_can_be_filtered_for_page_parent() {
+		$iptc_file = DIR_TESTDATA . '/images/test-image-iptc.jpg';
+
+		// Make a copy of this file as it gets moved during the file sideload.
+		$tmp_name = wp_tempnam( $iptc_file );
+
+		copy( $iptc_file, $tmp_name );
+
+		$file_array = array(
+			'tmp_name' => $tmp_name,
+			'name'     => 'test-image-iptc.jpg',
+			'type'     => 'image/jpeg',
+			'error'    => 0,
+			'size'     => filesize( $iptc_file ),
+		);
+
+		$parent_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+			array(
+				'post_date' => '2010-01-01 12:00:00',
+				'post_type' => 'page',
+			)
+		);
+
+		$filter_args = null;
+		$filter      = static function ( $time, $post, $file, $overrides, $action ) use ( &$filter_args ) {
+			$filter_args = array(
+				'time'      => $time,
+				'post'      => $post,
+				'file'      => $file,
+				'overrides' => $overrides,
+				'action'    => $action,
+			);
+
+			if ( $post instanceof WP_Post && 'page' === $post->post_type ) {
+				return $post->post_date;
+			}
+
+			return $time;
+		};
+
+		add_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10, 5 );
+
+		$post_id = media_handle_sideload(
+			$file_array,
+			$parent_id,
+			null,
+			array(
+				'post_date' => '2011-02-01 12:00:00',
+			)
+		);
+
+		remove_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10 );
+
+		$this->assertNotWPError( $post_id );
+
+		$url         = wp_get_attachment_url( $post_id );
+		$uploads_dir = wp_upload_dir( '2010/01' );
+		$expected    = $uploads_dir['url'] . '/test-image-iptc.jpg';
+
+		// Clean up.
+		wp_delete_attachment( $post_id, true );
+		wp_delete_post( $parent_id, true );
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $url );
+		$this->assertSame( '2011-02-01 12:00:00', $filter_args['time'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'test-image-iptc.jpg', $filter_args['file']['name'] );
+		$this->assertFalse( $filter_args['overrides']['test_form'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'wp_handle_sideload', $filter_args['action'] );
+		$this->assertInstanceOf( WP_Post::class, $filter_args['post'] );
+		$this->assertSame( $parent_id, $filter_args['post']->ID );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @ticket 50367
 	 * @requires function imagejpeg
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-attachments-controller.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-attachments-controller.php
index 79e9d23cf9dd3..2797df1ce1f40 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-attachments-controller.php
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-attachments-controller.php
@@ -1186,6 +1186,128 @@ public function test_create_item_with_files() {
 		$this->assertSame( 201, $response->get_status() );
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 46554
+	 * @requires function imagejpeg
+	 */
+	public function test_create_item_upload_time_can_be_filtered_for_page_parent() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$editor_id );
+
+		$parent_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+			array(
+				'post_date' => '2010-01-01 12:00:00',
+				'post_type' => 'page',
+			)
+		);
+
+		$filter_args = null;
+		$filter      = static function ( $time, $post, $file, $overrides, $action ) use ( &$filter_args ) {
+			$filter_args = array(
+				'time'      => $time,
+				'post'      => $post,
+				'file'      => $file,
+				'overrides' => $overrides,
+				'action'    => $action,
+			);
+
+			if ( $post instanceof WP_Post && 'page' === $post->post_type ) {
+				return $post->post_date;
+			}
+
+			return $time;
+		};
+
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'POST', '/wp/v2/media' );
+		$request->set_file_params(
+			array(
+				'file' => array(
+					'file'     => file_get_contents( self::$test_file ),
+					'name'     => 'canola.jpg',
+					'size'     => filesize( self::$test_file ),
+					'tmp_name' => self::$test_file,
+				),
+			)
+		);
+		$request->set_header( 'Content-MD5', md5_file( self::$test_file ) );
+		$request->set_param( 'post', $parent_id );
+
+		add_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10, 5 );
+		$response = rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+		remove_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10 );
+
+		$data = $response->get_data();
+
+		$this->assertSame( 201, $response->get_status() );
+
+		$uploads_dir = wp_upload_dir( '2010/01' );
+		$expected    = $uploads_dir['url'] . '/canola.jpg';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $data['source_url'] );
+		$this->assertNull( $filter_args['time'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'canola.jpg', $filter_args['file']['name'] );
+		$this->assertFalse( $filter_args['overrides']['test_form'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'wp_handle_mock_upload', $filter_args['action'] );
+		$this->assertInstanceOf( WP_Post::class, $filter_args['post'] );
+		$this->assertSame( $parent_id, $filter_args['post']->ID );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 46554
+	 * @requires function imagejpeg
+	 */
+	public function test_create_item_upload_time_can_be_filtered_for_page_parent_with_raw_data() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$editor_id );
+
+		$parent_id = self::factory()->post->create(
+			array(
+				'post_date' => '2010-01-01 12:00:00',
+				'post_type' => 'page',
+			)
+		);
+
+		$filter_args = null;
+		$filter      = static function ( $time, $post, $file, $overrides, $action ) use ( &$filter_args ) {
+			$filter_args = array(
+				'time'      => $time,
+				'post'      => $post,
+				'file'      => $file,
+				'overrides' => $overrides,
+				'action'    => $action,
+			);
+
+			if ( $post instanceof WP_Post && 'page' === $post->post_type ) {
+				return $post->post_date;
+			}
+
+			return $time;
+		};
+
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'POST', '/wp/v2/media' );
+		$request->set_header( 'Content-Type', 'image/jpeg' );
+		$request->set_header( 'Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename=canola-raw.jpg' );
+		$request->set_param( 'post', $parent_id );
+		$request->set_body( file_get_contents( self::$test_file ) );
+
+		add_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10, 5 );
+		$response = rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+		remove_filter( 'wp_handle_upload_time', $filter, 10 );
+
+		$data = $response->get_data();
+
+		$this->assertSame( 201, $response->get_status() );
+
+		$uploads_dir = wp_upload_dir( '2010/01' );
+		$expected    = $uploads_dir['url'] . '/canola-raw.jpg';
+
+		$this->assertSame( $expected, $data['source_url'] );
+		$this->assertNull( $filter_args['time'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'canola-raw.jpg', $filter_args['file']['name'] );
+		$this->assertFalse( $filter_args['overrides']['test_form'] );
+		$this->assertSame( 'wp_handle_sideload', $filter_args['action'] );
+		$this->assertInstanceOf( WP_Post::class, $filter_args['post'] );
+		$this->assertSame( $parent_id, $filter_args['post']->ID );
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @requires function imagejpeg
 	 */