Upgrade to Node.js 24 LTS

[valentinyanakiev]

Description

Upgrade the server runtime from Node.js 22 to Node.js 24 LTS.

Part of Phase 2 of Epic #5910.

Acceptance criteria

• Update Dockerfile base image from node:22.21.1-alpine to Node 24 LTS
• Update Volta pin in package.json
• Update engines.node field in package.json
• Verify all native modules compile (amqplib, bcrypt, etc.)
• Test Undici 7 / stricter fetch behavior
• Test AMQP/RabbitMQ connections
• Verify TypeORM custom fork works under Node 24
• All existing tests pass

Additional Context

Node 24 key changes:

• Improved ESM/CJS interop (require(esm) support)
• Undici 7 — stricter HTTP client, no third-party polyfills for Blob/FormData/AbortController
• npm 11 bundled
• Stricter OpenSSL security settings

Dependencies

• Should be done after Phase 1 (Apollo 5 + NestJS 11) to avoid compounding upgrade risks