diff --git a/docs/custom.css b/docs/custom.css new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2667178 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/custom.css @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + + .highlight { + background-color: yellow; + } + .highlight-line { + background-color: yellow; + display: block; + //padding: 2px 4px; +} + diff --git a/docs/custom_highlight.js b/docs/custom_highlight.js new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ae1127 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/custom_highlight.js @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ + +// This file is a bit of a hack. It allows us to force +// highlighting of line of code. See slides.org for example +// usage. In theory, we could have used highlight.js, but +// I did not like how that dimmed unhighlighted areas and +// generally made the syntax highlighting look ugly. + +// ---------------Start clip section------------------------- +// You will need to put the code between here and the +// commend called "end clip section" at the start of +// your HTML file (e.g., via +BEGIN_EXPORT html) so +// that you get these variables and functions defined +// at the start for slides to use them. + +if (typeof highlightLineMapper === 'undefined') { + var highlightLineMapper = {}; +} + +function highlightSlide(sectionId, lines) { + highlightLineMapper[sectionId] = new Set(lines) +} + +// -----------------End clip section------------------------- + + + Reveal.addEventListener('slidechanged', function(event) { + highlightLinesWithLines(event.currentSlide, highlightLineMapper); + }); + + +function highlightLinesWithLines(slide, lineMap) { + // lineMap is a dictionary like + // {section_id_1: Set, section_id_2: Set, ...} + // where each Set contains line numbers (1-based) to highlight + const startSpan = ''; + + slide.querySelectorAll('.src').forEach(el => { + // Find the parent section element to get its ID + let parentSection = el.closest('section'); + let sectionId = parentSection ? parentSection.id : null; + console.log(`checking section ${sectionId}`); + + // Get the set of line numbers to highlight for this section + let linesToHighlight = sectionId && lineMap[sectionId] + ? lineMap[sectionId] + : null; + + // Skip if no line numbers set found for this section + if (!linesToHighlight) return; + + const originalLines = el.innerHTML.split('\n'); + const processedLines = []; + + // Process each line, highlighting those whose line number (1-based) is in the set + originalLines.forEach((line, index) => { + // Check if this line number (converting to 1-based) should be highlighted + const lineNumber = index + 1; + + if (linesToHighlight.has(lineNumber) && 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a.className="slide-background-content",i.appendChild(a),t.appendChild(i),e.slideBackgroundElement=i,e.slideBackgroundContentElement=a,this.sync(e),i}sync(e){var t=e.slideBackgroundElement,i=e.slideBackgroundContentElement;e.classList.remove("has-dark-background"),e.classList.remove("has-light-background"),t.removeAttribute("data-loaded"),t.removeAttribute("data-background-hash"),t.removeAttribute("data-background-size"),t.removeAttribute("data-background-transition"),t.style.backgroundColor="",i.style.backgroundSize="",i.style.backgroundRepeat="",i.style.backgroundPosition="",i.style.backgroundImage="",i.style.opacity="",i.innerHTML="";var a={background:e.getAttribute("data-background"),backgroundSize:e.getAttribute("data-background-size"),backgroundImage:e.getAttribute("data-background-image"),backgroundVideo:e.getAttribute("data-background-video"),backgroundIframe:e.getAttribute("data-background-iframe"),backgroundColor:e.getAttribute("data-background-color"),backgroundRepeat:e.getAttribute("data-background-repeat"),backgroundPosition:e.getAttribute("data-background-position"),backgroundTransition:e.getAttribute("data-background-transition"),backgroundOpacity:e.getAttribute("data-background-opacity")};a.background&&(/^(http|file|\/\/)/gi.test(a.background)||/\.(svg|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|bmp)([?#\s]|$)/gi.test(a.background)?e.setAttribute("data-background-image",a.background):t.style.background=a.background),(a.background||a.backgroundColor||a.backgroundImage||a.backgroundVideo||a.backgroundIframe)&&t.setAttribute("data-background-hash",a.background+a.backgroundSize+a.backgroundImage+a.backgroundVideo+a.backgroundIframe+a.backgroundColor+a.backgroundRepeat+a.backgroundPosition+a.backgroundTransition+a.backgroundOpacity),a.backgroundSize&&t.setAttribute("data-background-size",a.backgroundSize),a.backgroundColor&&(t.style.backgroundColor=a.backgroundColor),a.backgroundTransition&&t.setAttribute("data-background-transition",a.backgroundTransition),e.hasAttribute("data-preload")&&t.setAttribute("data-preload",""),a.backgroundSize&&(i.style.backgroundSize=a.backgroundSize),a.backgroundRepeat&&(i.style.backgroundRepeat=a.backgroundRepeat),a.backgroundPosition&&(i.style.backgroundPosition=a.backgroundPosition),a.backgroundOpacity&&(i.style.opacity=a.backgroundOpacity);var 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d=this.previousBackground?this.previousBackground.getAttribute("data-background-hash"):null,c=a.getAttribute("data-background-hash");c&&c===d&&a!==this.previousBackground&&this.element.classList.add("no-transition"),this.previousBackground=a}t&&["has-light-background","has-dark-background"].forEach(e=>{t.classList.contains(e)?this.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.add(e):this.Reveal.getRevealElement().classList.remove(e)},this),setTimeout(()=>{this.element.classList.remove("no-transition")},1)}updateParallax(){var e=this.Reveal.getIndices();if(this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundImage){var t,i,a=this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides(),n=this.Reveal.getVerticalSlides(),s=this.element.style.backgroundSize.split(" ");1===s.length?t=i=parseInt(s[0],10):(t=parseInt(s[0],10),i=parseInt(s[1],10));var r,o=this.element.offsetWidth,l=a.length;r=("number"==typeof this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundHorizontal?this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundHorizontal:l>1?(t-o)/(l-1):0)*e.h*-1;var d,c,h=this.element.offsetHeight,u=n.length;d="number"==typeof this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundVertical?this.Reveal.getConfig().parallaxBackgroundVertical:(i-h)/(u-1),c=u>0?d*e.v:0,this.element.style.backgroundPosition=r+"px "+-c+"px"}}}class x{constructor(e){this.Reveal=e,this.autoAnimateCounter=0}run(e,t){if(this.reset(),e.hasAttribute("data-auto-animate")&&t.hasAttribute("data-auto-animate")){this.autoAnimateStyleSheet=this.autoAnimateStyleSheet||v();var i=this.getAutoAnimateOptions(t);e.dataset.autoAnimate="pending",t.dataset.autoAnimate="pending";var a=this.Reveal.getSlides();i.slideDirection=a.indexOf(t)>a.indexOf(e)?"forward":"backward";var n=this.getAutoAnimatableElements(e,t).map(e=>this.autoAnimateElements(e.from,e.to,e.options||{},i,this.autoAnimateCounter++));if("false"!==t.dataset.autoAnimateUnmatched&&!0===this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateUnmatched){var s=.8*i.duration,r=.2*i.duration;this.getUnmatchedAutoAnimateElements(t).forEach(e=>{var t=this.getAutoAnimateOptions(e,i),a="unmatched";t.duration===i.duration&&t.delay===i.delay||(a="unmatched-"+this.autoAnimateCounter++,n.push('[data-auto-animate="running"] [data-auto-animate-target="'.concat(a,'"] { transition: opacity ').concat(t.duration,"s ease ").concat(t.delay,"s; }"))),e.dataset.autoAnimateTarget=a},this),n.push('[data-auto-animate="running"] [data-auto-animate-target="unmatched"] { transition: opacity '.concat(s,"s ease ").concat(r,"s; 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o=this.getAutoAnimatableProperties("from",e,i),l=this.getAutoAnimatableProperties("to",t,i);t.classList.contains("fragment")&&(delete l.styles.opacity,e.classList.contains("fragment")&&(e.className.match(s)||[""])[0]===(t.className.match(s)||[""])[0]&&"forward"===a.slideDirection&&t.classList.add("visible","disabled"));if(!1!==i.translate||!1!==i.scale){var d=this.Reveal.getScale(),c={x:(o.x-l.x)/d,y:(o.y-l.y)/d,scaleX:o.width/l.width,scaleY:o.height/l.height};c.x=Math.round(1e3*c.x)/1e3,c.y=Math.round(1e3*c.y)/1e3,c.scaleX=Math.round(1e3*c.scaleX)/1e3,c.scaleX=Math.round(1e3*c.scaleX)/1e3;var h=!1!==i.translate&&(0!==c.x||0!==c.y),u=!1!==i.scale&&(0!==c.scaleX||0!==c.scaleY);if(h||u){var v=[];h&&v.push("translate(".concat(c.x,"px, ").concat(c.y,"px)")),u&&v.push("scale(".concat(c.scaleX,", ").concat(c.scaleY,")")),o.styles.transform=v.join(" "),o.styles["transform-origin"]="top left",l.styles.transform="none"}}for(var g in l.styles){var p=l.styles[g],m=o.styles[g];p===m?delete 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e.dataset.autoAnimateEasing&&(i.easing=e.dataset.autoAnimateEasing),e.dataset.autoAnimateDuration&&(i.duration=parseFloat(e.dataset.autoAnimateDuration)),e.dataset.autoAnimateDelay&&(i.delay=parseFloat(e.dataset.autoAnimateDelay)),i}getAutoAnimatableProperties(e,t,i){var a=this.Reveal.getConfig(),n={styles:[]};if(!1!==i.translate||!1!==i.scale){var s;if("function"==typeof i.measure)s=i.measure(t);else if(a.center)s=t.getBoundingClientRect();else{var r=this.Reveal.getScale();s={x:t.offsetLeft*r,y:t.offsetTop*r,width:t.offsetWidth*r,height:t.offsetHeight*r}}n.x=s.x,n.y=s.y,n.width=s.width,n.height=s.height}var o=getComputedStyle(t);return(i.styles||a.autoAnimateStyles).forEach(t=>{var i;"string"==typeof t&&(t={property:t}),""!==(i=void 0!==t.from&&"from"===e?{value:t.from,explicitValue:!0}:void 0!==t.to&&"to"===e?{value:t.to,explicitValue:!0}:o[t.property])&&(n.styles[t.property]=i)}),n}getAutoAnimatableElements(e,t){var i=("function"==typeof this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateMatcher?this.Reveal.getConfig().autoAnimateMatcher:this.getAutoAnimatePairs).call(this,e,t),a=[];return i.filter((e,t)=>{if(-1===a.indexOf(e.to))return a.push(e.to),!0})}getAutoAnimatePairs(e,t){var i=[],a="h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, li";return this.findAutoAnimateMatches(i,e,t,"[data-id]",e=>e.nodeName+":::"+e.getAttribute("data-id")),this.findAutoAnimateMatches(i,e,t,a,e=>e.nodeName+":::"+e.innerText),this.findAutoAnimateMatches(i,e,t,"img, video, iframe",e=>e.nodeName+":::"+(e.getAttribute("src")||e.getAttribute("data-src"))),this.findAutoAnimateMatches(i,e,t,"pre",e=>e.nodeName+":::"+e.innerText),i.forEach(e=>{e.from.matches(a)?e.options={scale:!1}:e.from.matches("pre")&&(e.options={scale:!1,styles:["width","height"]},this.findAutoAnimateMatches(i,e.from,e.to,".hljs .hljs-ln-code",e=>e.textContent,{scale:!1,styles:[],measure:this.getLocalBoundingBox.bind(this)}),this.findAutoAnimateMatches(i,e.from,e.to,".hljs 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t.hasAttribute("data-auto-animate-target")||i||e.push(t),t.querySelector("[data-auto-animate-target]")&&(e=e.concat(this.getUnmatchedAutoAnimateElements(t))),e},[])}}class C{constructor(e){this.Reveal=e}configure(e,t){!1===e.fragments?this.disable():!1===t.fragments&&this.enable()}disable(){o(this.Reveal.getSlidesElement(),".fragment").forEach(e=>{e.classList.add("visible"),e.classList.remove("current-fragment")})}enable(){o(this.Reveal.getSlidesElement(),".fragment").forEach(e=>{e.classList.remove("visible"),e.classList.remove("current-fragment")})}availableRoutes(){var e=this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();if(e&&this.Reveal.getConfig().fragments){var t=e.querySelectorAll(".fragment:not(.disabled)"),i=e.querySelectorAll(".fragment:not(.disabled):not(.visible)");return{prev:t.length-i.length>0,next:!!i.length}}return{prev:!1,next:!1}}sort(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1];e=Array.from(e);var i=[],a=[],n=[];e.forEach(e=>{if(e.hasAttribute("data-fragment-index")){var t=parseInt(e.getAttribute("data-fragment-index"),10);i[t]||(i[t]=[]),i[t].push(e)}else a.push([e])}),i=i.concat(a);var s=0;return i.forEach(e=>{e.forEach(e=>{n.push(e),e.setAttribute("data-fragment-index",s)}),s++}),!0===t?i:n}sortAll(){this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().forEach(e=>{var t=o(e,"section");t.forEach((e,t)=>{this.sort(e.querySelectorAll(".fragment"))},this),0===t.length&&this.sort(e.querySelectorAll(".fragment"))})}update(e,t){var i={shown:[],hidden:[]},a=this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();if(a&&this.Reveal.getConfig().fragments&&(t=t||this.sort(a.querySelectorAll(".fragment"))).length){var n=0;if("number"!=typeof e){var s=this.sort(a.querySelectorAll(".fragment.visible")).pop();s&&(e=parseInt(s.getAttribute("data-fragment-index")||0,10))}Array.from(t).forEach((t,a)=>{if(t.hasAttribute("data-fragment-index")&&(a=parseInt(t.getAttribute("data-fragment-index"),10)),n=Math.max(n,a),a<=e){var s=t.classList.contains("visible");t.classList.add("visible"),t.classList.remove("current-fragment"),a===e&&(this.Reveal.announceStatus(this.Reveal.getStatusText(t)),t.classList.add("current-fragment"),this.Reveal.slideContent.startEmbeddedContent(t)),s||(i.shown.push(t),this.Reveal.dispatchEvent({target:t,type:"visible",bubbles:!1}))}else{var r=t.classList.contains("visible");t.classList.remove("visible"),t.classList.remove("current-fragment"),r&&(i.hidden.push(t),this.Reveal.dispatchEvent({target:t,type:"hidden",bubbles:!1}))}}),e="number"==typeof e?e:-1,e=Math.max(Math.min(e,n),-1),a.setAttribute("data-fragment",e)}return i}sync(){var e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();return this.sort(e.querySelectorAll(".fragment"))}goto(e){var t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:0,i=this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide();if(i&&this.Reveal.getConfig().fragments){var a=this.sort(i.querySelectorAll(".fragment:not(.disabled)"));if(a.length){if("number"!=typeof e){var n=this.sort(i.querySelectorAll(".fragment:not(.disabled).visible")).pop();e=n?parseInt(n.getAttribute("data-fragment-index")||0,10):-1}e+=t;var s=this.update(e,a);return s.hidden.length&&this.Reveal.dispatchEvent({type:"fragmenthidden",data:{fragment:s.hidden[0],fragments:s.hidden}}),s.shown.length&&this.Reveal.dispatchEvent({type:"fragmentshown",data:{fragment:s.shown[0],fragments:s.shown}}),this.Reveal.controls.update(),this.Reveal.progress.update(),this.Reveal.getConfig().fragmentInURL&&this.Reveal.location.writeURL(),!(!s.shown.length&&!s.hidden.length)}}return!1}next(){return this.goto(null,1)}prev(){return this.goto(null,-1)}}class 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t=this.Reveal.getIndices();this.Reveal.dispatchEvent({type:"overviewshown",data:{indexh:t.h,indexv:t.v,currentSlide:this.Reveal.getCurrentSlide()}})}}layout(){this.Reveal.getHorizontalSlides().forEach((e,t)=>{e.setAttribute("data-index-h",t),c(e,"translate3d("+t*this.overviewSlideWidth+"px, 0, 0)"),e.classList.contains("stack")&&o(e,"section").forEach((e,i)=>{e.setAttribute("data-index-h",t),e.setAttribute("data-index-v",i),c(e,"translate3d(0, "+i*this.overviewSlideHeight+"px, 0)")})}),Array.from(this.Reveal.getBackgroundsElement().childNodes).forEach((e,t)=>{c(e,"translate3d("+t*this.overviewSlideWidth+"px, 0, 0)"),o(e,".slide-background").forEach((e,t)=>{c(e,"translate3d(0, "+t*this.overviewSlideHeight+"px, 0)")})})}update(){var e=Math.min(window.innerWidth,window.innerHeight),t=Math.max(e/5,150)/e,i=this.Reveal.getIndices();this.Reveal.transformSlides({overview:["scale("+t+")","translateX("+-i.h*this.overviewSlideWidth+"px)","translateY("+-i.v*this.overviewSlideHeight+"px)"].join(" 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    \n\n\t\t
    \n\t\t
    Upcoming
    \n\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t

    Time Click to Reset

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t0:00 AM\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t00:00:00\n\t\t\t\t
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    Pacing – Time to finish current slide

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    \n\t\t\t\t\t00:00:00\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\n\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t
    \n\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t
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    -
    -

    JWT: JSON Web Token

    +
    +

    JWT: JSON Web Token

    Used for authentication/authorization such as:

    @@ -46,12 +368,11 @@

    JWT: JSON Web Token

    -
    -
    -

    Why JWTs?

    +
    +

    Why JWTs?

    Imagine app with many features + servers + engineers:

    @@ -66,13 +387,11 @@

    Why JWTs?

    - -
    -
    -

    JWT Architecture

    +
    +

    Authentication vs Validation

    -

    -Separate authentication from validation/application: -

    -
      -
    • Authentication requires secret keys (high security)
      • -
    • Validation can use public key (less security)
      • -
    • Easier to manage secrets, keys, load, sync, etc.
      • - -
    - -
    -

    jwt-auth-vs-app-start.jpg +

    +

    - -
    -
    -

    JWT: Authentication Request

    +
    +

    JWT: Authentication Request

    -

    -Client authenticates to server: -

    - -
      -
    • Auth server must be secure
      • -
    • Payment or Login with username/password/MFA
      • -
    • May require database check, locks, other slow ops
      • - -
    - - - -
    -

    jwt-auth-vs-app-auth.jpg +

    +

    - -
    -
    -

    JWT: Authentication Response

    -

    -Server responds with JWT: -

    - -
      -
    • header describing JWT
      • -
    • claims describing info/rights (iat, nbf, exp, etc.)
      • -
    • signature from Auth Server
      • - -
    - - -
    -

    jwt-auth-vs-app-auth-response.jpg +

    +

    JWT: Authentication Response

    + +
    +

    - -
    -
    -

    JWT: Application Request

    +
    +

    JWT: Application Request

    -

    -Client sends JWT to App Server: -

    - -
      -
    • App Server validates JWT with public key
      • -
    • No DB/state/sync/update; can be serverless
      • -
    • Checks JWT for rights + provides service
      • - -
    - - - - - -
    -

    jwt-auth-vs-app-request-app.jpg +

    +

    - - - - -
    -
    -

    Separate Auth From Validation

    +
    +

    Separate Auth From Validation

    Auth Server has secrets; needs security + maintenance

    @@ -216,23 +2429,11 @@

    Separate Auth From Validation

  • Lower security for App Server(s), logs, debug, etc.
    • - - -
    -

    jwt-auth-vs-app-separate.jpg -

    -
    - - - - - -
    -
    -

    What do JWTs look like?

    +
    +

    What do JWTs look like?

    Base64 encoded header.payload.signature:

    @@ -290,174 +2491,154 @@

    What do JWTs look like?

    -
    -
    -

    Secret Key

    -
    +
    +
    +

    Main JWT Fields

      -
    • We use EdDSA because it is secure, short, and deterministic.
      • -
    • You could use ESA256, but beware that uses a nonce and is non-deterministic.
      • +
    • sub: Subject (username, email, etc.)
      • +
    • iat: Issued at (useful for checking freshness)
      • +
    • exp: Expiry (useful for managing life-cycle )
      • +
    • nbf: Not before (useful for managing life-cycle )
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Python/Flask Example

    +
      +
    • Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., pyjwt) +
        +
      • can compose checks using decorators:
        • - - -
        - -
        import base64, jwt  #  pip install 'pyjwt[crypto]'
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ed25519
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization
-from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
-
-secret_key = base64.b64encode(  # How to generate new key
-    ed25519.Ed25519PrivateKey.generate().private_bytes(
-        encoding=serialization.Encoding.DER,
-        format=serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
-        encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption())
-).decode('utf8')
-
-secret_key = (  # We hard code secret key so you can verify results
-    'MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEIC+D6rD2YbXtV0ccR3smoR0ynhVuyyqvplFLbQWDdAtn'
-)
-
        -
        +
      • +
    -
    -
    -

    Public Key

    -
    sk = serialization.load_der_private_key(  # de-serialize encoded key
-    base64.b64decode(secret_key),backend=default_backend(),
-    password=None)
-
-pk = sk.public_key()
-public_key = pk.public_bytes(  # serialize
-    encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
-    format=serialization.PublicFormat.SubjectPublicKeyInfo
-).decode('utf8')
-                
-print(public_key)
+
    @app.route('/support/urgent')  # built-in flask decorator
+@requires_jwt                  # custom decorator to validate JWT
+@jwt_claims(['paid_support'])  # ensures token is for premium user
+@jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24))  # ensure recent token
+def support_urgent():
+    ... # process ending support request
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Python/Flask Example

    +
      +
    • Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., pyjwt) +
        +
      • can compose checks using decorators:
        • +
      • -
      ------BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
-MCowBQYDK2VwAyEAUVLjZWAVK5ZE1ewI5QBdr0Nig1Qkx3kl5zHIADvw0M8=
------END PUBLIC KEY-----
-
      - +
    + -
    -
    -

    Encoding Example JWT

    -
    import textwrap  # just for display
-
-example_jwt = jwt.encode(
-    headers={'typ':'JWT', 'alg':'EdDSA'},
-    payload={'sub': 'a', 'name': 'b', 'iat': 1},
-    key=sk)  # this is the JWT that would be used
-print(textwrap.indent(textwrap.fill(       # format for
-      '\n.'.join(example_jwt.split('.')),  # nice display
-     width=44, replace_whitespace=False), prefix='  '))
+
    @app.route('/support/urgent')  # built-in flask decorator
+@requires_jwt                  # custom decorator to validate JWT
+@jwt_claims(['paid_support'])  # ensures token is for premium user
+@jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24))  # ensure recent token
+def support_urgent():
+    ... # process ending support request
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Python/Flask Example

    +
      +
    • Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., pyjwt) +
        +
      • can compose checks using decorators:
        • -

        -Encoded JWT: -

        -
        -eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9
-.eyJzdWIiOiJhIiwibmFtZSI6ImIiLCJpYXQiOjF9
-.SU6aXJ0YbH7Vg1jROpQfvnhn98Rt9zBeS7-c5O9jH-
-LL5mQqMMFq61eZjf0tLLqExm-dckRUNa3-qT7R2SKmCw
-
        +
      • + +
    + + -
    -
    -

    Decoding Example JWT

    -
    decoded_jwt = jwt.decode(example_jwt, algorithms=['EdDSA'], key=pk)
-print(decoded_jwt)
+
    @app.route('/support/urgent')  # built-in flask decorator
+@requires_jwt                  # custom decorator to validate JWT
+@jwt_claims(['paid_support'])  # ensures token is for premium user
+@jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24))  # ensure recent token
+def support_urgent():
+    ... # process ending support request
    - -

    -Decoded Payload from JWT: -

    -
    -{'sub': 'a', 'name': 'b', 'iat': 1}
-
    -
    -
    -

    Main JWT Fields

    +
    +

    Python/Flask Example

      -
    • sub: Subject (username, email, etc.)
      • -
    • iat: Issued at (useful for checking freshness)
      • -
    • exp: Expiry (useful for managing life-cycle )
      • -
    • nbf: Not before (useful for managing life-cycle )
      • +
    • Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., pyjwt) +
        +
      • can compose checks using decorators:
        • + +
    -
    -
    -
    -
    -

    Python/Flask Example

    -

    -Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., pyjwt) and compose -checks using decorators: -

    +
    -
    @app.route('/support/urgent')
-@requires_jwt                  # validates JWT
+
    @app.route('/support/urgent')  # built-in flask decorator
+@requires_jwt                  # custom decorator to validate JWT
 @jwt_claims(['paid_support'])  # ensures token is for premium user
 @jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24))  # ensure recent token
 def support_urgent():
     ... # process ending support request
    -
    -
    -

    Starting Flask

    -
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Python/Flask Example

    +
      +
    • Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., pyjwt) +
        +
      • can compose checks using decorators:
        • -
        import os
-import sys
-import subprocess
+
      • -os.chdir(os.path.expanduser('~/code/ox_jwt/src/ox_jwt')) -my_env = os.environ.copy() -my_env['FLASK_JWT_KEY'] = public_key.split('\n')[1] -my_env['FLASK_JWT_ALGS'] = 'EdDSA,ES256' -proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, 'app.py'], env=my_env) -# Use proc.kill() to shutdown server +
    - - + +
    +
    @app.route('/support/urgent')  # built-in flask decorator
+@requires_jwt                  # custom decorator to validate JWT
+@jwt_claims(['paid_support'])  # ensures token is for premium user
+@jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24))  # ensure recent token
+def support_urgent():
+    ... # process ending support request
+
    +
    -
    -

    Example of @requires_jwt

    +
    +

    Example of @requires_jwt

    -
    def requires_jwt(func):
+
    def requires_jwt(func):
     @wraps(func)
     def decorated(*args, **kwargs):        
         token = request.headers.get("Authorization").split(" ")[1]
@@ -469,47 +2650,15 @@ 
    Example of @requires_jwt
    
                 key=current_app.config['JWT_KEY'])  # public key
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
         except Exception as problem:
-            return f'{problem=}', 401 # return 401 or other error code
+            return f'{problem=}', 401 # return 401 or other error code
     return decorated
    - -
    -
    -

    Ensure Valid Token

    -
    - -
    import requests
-
-req = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello', headers={
-    'Authorization': f'Bearer {example_jwt}mybad'})  # bad token
-print(f'Bad token response:\n  code: {req.status_code}\n'
-      f'  text: {req.text}\n')
-
-req = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/hello', headers={
-    'Authorization': f'Bearer {example_jwt}'})
-print(f'Good token response:\n  code: {req.status_code}\n'
-      f'  text: {req.text}\n')
-
    -
    - -
    -Bad token response:
-  code: 401
-  text: problem=InvalidSignatureError('Signature verification failed')
-
-Good token response:
-  code: 200
-  text: Hello World!
-
    - - -
    -
    -

    Example of @jwt_claims

    +
    +

    Example of @jwt_claims

    def jwt_claims(claims_list: typing.Sequence[str]):
@@ -525,92 +2674,22 @@ 
    Example of @jwt_claims
    
     return make_decorator
    - -
    -
    -

    Ensure Claims (Bad Token)

    -
    - -
    import datetime, requests
-
-req = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/support/urgent', headers={
-    'Authorization': f'Bearer {example_jwt}'})  # bad token
-
-print(f'Bad token response:\n  code: {req.status_code}\n'
-      f'  text: {req.text}\n')
-
    -
    - -
    -Bad token response:
-  code: 401
-  text: Missing claims: ['premium_user']
-
    - -
    -
    -

    Ensure Claims (Bad Claims)

    -
    - -
    
-premium_jwt = jwt.encode(headers={'typ':'JWT', 'alg':'EdDSA'},
-    payload={'sub': 'a', 'premium_user': 'b', 'iat': 1}, key=sk)
-
-req = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/support/urgent', headers={
-    'Authorization': f'Bearer {premium_jwt}'})
-
-print(f'Premium token response:\n  code: {req.status_code}\n'
-      f'  text: {req.text}\n')
-
    -
    - -
    -Premium token response:
-  code: 401
-  text: Token age 20193 days, 17:37:05.670865 not within 0:00:30
-
    - -
    -
    -

    Ensure Claims (Success)

    -
    - -
    now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()
-recent_premium_jwt = jwt.encode(headers={'typ':'JWT', 'alg':'EdDSA'},
-    payload={'sub': 'a', 'premium_user': 'b', 'iat': int(now)}, key=sk)
-
-req = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/support/urgent', headers={
-    'Authorization': f'Bearer {recent_premium_jwt}'})
-
-print(f'Recent premium token response:\n  code: {req.status_code}\n'
-      f'  text: {req.text}\n')
-
    -
    - -
    -Recent premium token response:
-  code: 200
-  text: processing support request for user b
-
    -
    -
    -

    Example Use Case: Proxy

    +
    +

    Example Use Case: Proxy

    • Auth Server grants JWT letting Alice to act for Bob
    • claims: {"sub": "Alice", "proxy": "Bob"}
    • Alice sends request combining to act for Bob
    - -
    -
    -

    Example Use Case: Proxy

    +
    +

    Example Use Case: Proxy

    • Auth Server grants JWT letting Alice to act for Bob
    • claims: {"sub": "Alice", "proxy": "Bob"}
      • @@ -633,12 +2712,11 @@

      Example Use Case: Proxy

      return msg       -
    -
    -

    Example Use Case: Proxy

    +
    +

    Example Use Case: Proxy

    • Auth Server grants JWT letting Alice to act for Bob
    • claims: {"sub": "Alice", "proxy": "Bob"}
      • @@ -661,60 +2739,72 @@

      Example Use Case: Proxy

      return msg -
    -
    -

    Python demo

    -
    - -
    
-now = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc).timestamp()
-proxy_example_jwt = jwt.encode(headers={'typ':'JWT', 'alg':'EdDSA'},
-    payload={'sub': 'Alice', 'proxy': 'Bob'}, key=sk)
+
    +
    +
    +

    Caveats

    +
      +
    • Beware using header fields to check signature +
        +
      • don't trust alg field or limit possibilities +
          +
        • e.g., algorithms=['EdDSA']
          • -req = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/issue', headers={ - 'Authorization': f'Bearer {proxy_example_jwt}'}) -print(req.text) +
        • +
      • be careful with kid, jku, jwk, etc.
        • -         - +
      • +
    • Don't simulate sessions with JWTs +
        +
      • Use access/refresh tokens to solve logout/revocation
        • -
        -127.0.0.1 - - [24/Apr/2025 13:25:28] "GET /issue HTTP/1.1" 200 -
-Created issue assigned to Bob.
-Alice acted on behalf of Bob
-
        +
      • +
    +
    +
    +
    +
    +

    Example JKU Header Attack

    +
      +
    • Header can provide URL for key (useful): +
        +
      • {alg: "EdDSA", jku: "https://good.com/pk.json"}
        • +
      • +
    • Attacker can replace JKU with their own key: +
        +
      • {alg: "EdDSA", jku: "https://bad.com/pk.json"}
        • +
      • +
    • Don't trust header (validate against whitelist)
      • +
    -
    -

    Anti-Patterns

    +
    +

    Example ALG Header Attack

      -
    • Beware using header fields to check signature -
        -
      • don't trust alg field or limit possibilities +
      • Header can provide URL for key (useful):
          -
        • e.g., algorithms=['EdDSA']
          • +
        • {alg: "EdDSA", jku: "https://good.com/pk.json"}
        • -
      • be careful with kid, jku, jwk, etc.
        • +
      • Attacker can replace ALG with symmetric version: +
          +
        • {alg: "HS256", jku: "https://bad.com/pk.json"}
        • -
      • Don't simulate sessions with JWTs
        • -
      • Token revocation issue: access/refresh tokens
        • +
      • Don't trust header (validate against whitelist)
      - -
    -
    -

    Revocation via Access/Refresh

    +
    +

    Revocation via Access/Refresh

    • Problem: Can't cancel or logout a JWT
    • Solution: Refresh/Access token @@ -736,61 +2826,1019 @@

      Revocation via Access/Refresh

      - -
    -
    -

    Get Refresh Token

    - -
    -

    jwt-get-refresh.jpg +

    +

    Get Refresh Token

    + +
    +

    - -
    -
    -

    Get Access Token

    - -
    -

    jwt-get-access.jpg +

    +

    Get Access Token

    + +
    +

    - -
    -
    -

    Use Access Token

    - -
    -

    jwt-use-access.jpg +

    +

    Use Access Token

    + +
    +

    - -
    -
    -

    Revocation

    - -
    -

    jwt-revoke.jpg +

    +

    Revocation

    + +
    +

    - -
    -
    -

    Separate validation from parsing

    +
    +

    Separate validation from parsing

    -
    -

    Summary and next steps

    +
    +

    Summary and next steps

    - - + + + diff --git a/docs/slides.org b/docs/slides.org index a4d5c00..32ac3c6 100644 --- a/docs/slides.org +++ b/docs/slides.org @@ -1,49 +1,149 @@ + #+COMMENT: using timestamp:nil suppresses "created at" in title #+COMMENT: using num:nil prevents slide titles being numbered -#+OPTIONS: timestamp:nil num:nil toc:nil ^:{} +#+OPTIONS: timestamp:nil num:nil toc:nil ^:{} reveal_single_file:t + +#+COMMENT: For generating presentation slides, we do not want to +#+COMMENT: export CodeTool slides. But for archived slides, we +#+COMMENT: may want to remove that from EXCLUDE_TAGS to include it. +#+EXCLUDE_TAGS: noexport CodeTool #+REVEAL_REVEAL_JS_VERSION: 4 -#+REVEAL_ROOT: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@4.0.0/ +#+COMMENT: #+REVEAL_ROOT: https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@4.0.0/ +#+REVEAL_ROOT: reveal #+REVEAL_PLUGINS: (notes) #+REVEAL_THEME: solarized -#+REVEAL_INIT_OPTIONS: fragments:true, transition:'fade' +#+REVEAL_INIT_OPTIONS: fragments:true, transition:'fade', margin: 0.0001, width:'100%' +#+REVEAL_EXTRA_SCRIPT_SRC: custom_highlight.js +#+REVEAL_EXTRA_CSS: custom.css #+COMMENT: Use `s` to engage speaker mode #+TITLE: Tips, Tricks, and Reasons for JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) #+AUTHOR: Emin Martinian +#+COMMENT: THe following setup is needed for the highlighting +#+COMMENT: in the custom_highlight.js file to work. See comments +#+COMMENT: there and uses of `highlightSlide` below for usage. +#+BEGIN_EXPORT html + +#+END_EXPORT -;; Make sure to use version 4.0 and set REVEAL_REVEAL_JS_VERSION below -(setq org-reveal-root "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/reveal.js@4.0.0/") -(setq org-reveal-plugins '(notes)) -(setq org-export-babel-evaluate 't) -#+END_SRC -#+RESULTS: -: t +* Macro Example :noexport: + +This example defines a code block called =example-code-block= and then +uses noweb syntax to reference it in later slides and the next with +slight tweaks. + +#+name: example-code-block +#+BEGIN_SRC python :exports none :results value +@app.route('/support/urgent') # built-in flask decorator +@requires_jwt # custom decorator to validate JWT +@jwt_claims(['paid_support']) # ensures token is for premium user +@jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24)) # ensure recent token +def support_urgent(): + ... # process ending support request +#+END_SRC +* Macro Example :noexport: -* Code Fragment Example :noexport: +- First reference -#+BEGIN_SRC python -print("This appears immediately") +#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb yes :exports code +# here it is +<> #+END_SRC -#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag appear -#+BEGIN_SRC python -print("This appears after clicking") +* Reusing macro :noexport: + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: reusing-macro + :END: + +- Second reference with highlight + +#+COMMENT: setup highlighting +#+html: + + +#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb yes :exports code +# another version +<> #+END_SRC + +* Fancy Fragment :noexport: + +#+MACRO: fb @@html:
    @@ +#+MACRO: fe @@html:
    @@ + +{{{fb(1)}}} + - Point A +#+begin_src +Code for point A +#+end_src +{{{fe}}} +{{{fb(2)}}} + - Point B +#+begin_src +Code for point B +#+end_src +{{{fe}}} +{{{fb(3)}}} + - Point C +#+begin_src bash +Code for point C +#+end_src +{{{fe}}} + +* Fancy Table :noexport: + +| @@html:
    A
    @@ | @@html:
    B
    @@ | +|--------------------------------------------------------------------+---| +| @@html:
    C
    @@ | @@html:
    D
    @@ | + +* Embedded graphviz :noexport: + +Could use graphviz online at https://rsms.me/graphviz/ to visualize +the diagram as you are create it or below to generate it using +javascript. Harder to manage width in org-reveal, so we just stick to +locally generated images. + +#+begin_export html + + +
    +#+END_export + +* Mermaid.js :noexport: + +Could also use mermaid.js (and [[https://www.mermaidchart.com/play][online editor]]) to create + embed +diagram. Pretty cool, but more limited layout options than graphviz. + * JWT: JSON Web Token Used for authentication/authorization such as: @@ -70,38 +170,37 @@ Imagine app with many features + servers + engineers: - Can't give everyone access to sensitive info -* JWT Architecture +* Authentication vs Validation #+BEGIN_NOTES - Auth server manages passwords, takes credit cards, etc. - Must be secure and in sync; hard to load balance - Cannot let just any employee have access #+END_NOTES -Separate authentication from validation/application: -- Authentication requires secret keys (high security) -- Validation can use public key (less security) -- Easier to manage secrets, keys, load, sync, etc. - #+name: jwt-auth-vs-app-start #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-auth-vs-app-start.jpg :eval never-export - digraph auth_system { + node [fontsize="30"]; + edge [fontsize="30"]; + // Define subgraphs subgraph top { rank=same; - AuthServer [label="Auth Server", shape=box]; - hidden [style=invis]; + AuthServer [label="Auth Server\n", shape=box]; + hidden [style=invis]; AppServer [label="App Server(s)", shape=box]; } - subgraph bottom { rank=same; Client [label="Client", shape=box]; } + AuthServer -> hidden [color=none,xlabel="\nAuthentication requires\nsecret keys (high security)",fontsize="20"]; + AppServer -> hidden [color=none,xlabel="\nValidation can use\n public key (less security)",fontsize="20"]; + // Define connections AuthServer -> Client [label="JWT", constraint=false, splines=ortho, style=invis]; - Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth\nor credit card)", constraint=false, splines=ortho, style=invis]; + Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth or\ncredit card)", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; Client -> AppServer [label="Request Service\nusing JWT", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; // Define hidden edges to force layout @@ -112,10 +211,10 @@ digraph auth_system { #+end_src +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-auth-vs-app-start [[file:images/jwt-auth-vs-app-start.jpg]] - * JWT: Authentication Request #+BEGIN_NOTES @@ -125,19 +224,12 @@ Managing the authentication server is more complicated. #+END_NOTES -Client authenticates to server: - -#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear appear) -- Auth server must be secure -- Payment or Login with username/password/MFA -- May require database check, locks, other slow ops - - - #+name: jwt-auth-vs-app-auth #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-auth-vs-app-auth.jpg :eval never-export digraph auth_system { + node [fontsize="30"]; + edge [fontsize="30"]; // Define subgraphs subgraph top { rank=same; @@ -164,23 +256,20 @@ digraph auth_system { #+end_src +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-auth-vs-app-auth [[file:images/jwt-auth-vs-app-auth.jpg]] * JWT: Authentication Response -Server responds with JWT: - -#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear appear) -- header describing JWT -- claims describing info/rights (iat, nbf, exp, etc.) -- signature from Auth Server - #+name: jwt-auth-vs-app-auth-response #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-auth-vs-app-auth-response.jpg :eval never-export digraph auth_system { + node [fontsize="30"]; + edge [fontsize="30"]; + // Define subgraphs subgraph top { rank=same; @@ -194,9 +283,12 @@ digraph auth_system { Client [label="Client", shape=box]; } + AppServer -> hidden [style=invis]; + // Define connections + Client -> AuthServer [label=" JWT contains:\nheader\nclaims\nsignature", color=none,constraint=false, splines=ortho]; AuthServer -> Client [label="JWT", constraint=false, splines=ortho]; - Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth)", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; +// Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth)", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; Client -> AppServer [label="Request Service\nusing JWT", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; // Define hidden edges to force layout @@ -207,6 +299,7 @@ digraph auth_system { #+end_src +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-auth-vs-app-auth-response [[file:images/jwt-auth-vs-app-auth-response.jpg]] @@ -214,26 +307,20 @@ digraph auth_system { * JWT: Application Request #+BEGIN_NOTES -- Distributed Trust -- App Server(s) can be load balanced or serverless -- App Server(s) can be maintained with lower security requirements -#+END_NOTES - - -Client sends JWT to App Server: - -#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear appear) -- App Server validates JWT with public key +- App Server validates JWT with public key (lower security needs) - No DB/state/sync/update; can be serverless - Checks JWT for rights + provides service - +#+END_NOTES #+name: jwt-auth-vs-app-request-app #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-auth-vs-app-request-app.jpg :eval never-export digraph auth_system { + node [fontsize="30"]; + edge [fontsize="30"]; + // Define subgraphs subgraph top { rank=same; @@ -248,8 +335,8 @@ digraph auth_system { } // Define connections - AuthServer -> Client [label="JWT", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; - Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth)", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; + Client -> AuthServer [label="App Server\nvalidates\nJWT with\npublic key", color=none,constraint=false, splines=ortho]; +// Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth)", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; Client -> AppServer [label="Send JWT to\nRequest Service", constraint=false, splines=ortho]; // Define hidden edges to force layout @@ -260,6 +347,7 @@ digraph auth_system { #+end_src +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-auth-vs-app-request-app [[file:images/jwt-auth-vs-app-request-app.jpg]] @@ -276,42 +364,6 @@ Auth Server has **secrets**; needs **security** + maintenance - Easy to deploy App Server(s); e.g., serverless - Lower security for App Server(s), logs, debug, etc. -#+name: jwt-auth-vs-app-separate -#+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-auth-vs-app-separate.jpg :eval never-export - -digraph auth_system { - // Define subgraphs - subgraph top { - rank=same; - AuthServer [label="Auth Server", shape=box]; - hidden [style=invis]; - AppServer [label="App Server(s)", shape=box]; - } - - subgraph bottom { - rank=same; - Client [label="Client", shape=box]; - } - - // Define connections - AuthServer -> Client [label="JWT", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; - Client -> AuthServer [label="Authenticate\n(e.g., login\nor OAuth)", constraint=false, splines=ortho,style=invis]; - Client -> AppServer [label="Send JWT to\nRequest Service", constraint=false, splines=ortho, style=invis]; - - // Define hidden edges to force layout - AuthServer -> hidden [style=invis]; - hidden -> AppServer [style=invis]; - hidden -> Client [style=invis]; -} - -#+end_src - -#+RESULTS: jwt-auth-vs-app-separate -[[file:images/jwt-auth-vs-app-separate.jpg]] - - - - * What do JWTs look like? @@ -359,7 +411,10 @@ MC4CAQAwBQYDK2VwBCIEIC+D6rD2YbXtV0ccR3smoR0ynhVuyyqvplFLbQWDdAtn - indicate username, roles, rights, restrictions, payments #+END_NOTES -** Secret Key +#+COMMENT: May want to set sub-nodes (with **) below to :noexport: +#+COMMENT: to simplify navigation when doing presentation + +** Secret Key :CodeTool: #+BEGIN_NOTES - We use EdDSA because it is secure, short, and deterministic. @@ -388,7 +443,7 @@ secret_key = ( # We hard code secret key so you can verify results #+RESULTS: create-keys -** Public Key +** Public Key :CodeTool: #+name: get-public-key #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :exports both :results output :eval never-export @@ -413,7 +468,7 @@ print(public_key) -** Encoding Example JWT +** Encoding Example JWT :CodeTool: #+NAME: encoded-jwt #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :exports both :results output :eval never-export @@ -435,7 +490,7 @@ Encoded JWT: : .SU6aXJ0YbH7Vg1jROpQfvnhn98Rt9zBeS7-c5O9jH- : LL5mQqMMFq61eZjf0tLLqExm-dckRUNa3-qT7R2SKmCw -** Decoding Example JWT +** Decoding Example JWT :CodeTool: #+NAME: decoded-jwt #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :exports both :results output :eval never-export @@ -455,20 +510,87 @@ Decoded Payload from JWT: - *nbf*: Not before (useful for managing life-cycle ) * Python/Flask Example + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: python-flask-example + :END: -Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., =pyjwt=) and compose -checks using decorators: +- Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., =pyjwt=) + - can compose checks using decorators: -#+BEGIN_SRC python -@app.route('/support/urgent') -@requires_jwt # validates JWT +#+COMMENT: Define a named source block so we can reuse it +#+COMMENT: later using noweb. +#+name: example-flask-route +#+BEGIN_SRC python :exports code +@app.route('/support/urgent') # built-in flask decorator +@requires_jwt # custom decorator to validate JWT @jwt_claims(['paid_support']) # ensures token is for premium user @jwt_iat(datetime.timedelta(hours=24)) # ensure recent token def support_urgent(): ... # process ending support request #+END_SRC -** Starting Flask +* Python/Flask Example + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: python-flask-example-h-1 + :END: + +- Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., =pyjwt=) + - can compose checks using decorators: + +#+COMMENT: Indicate that we want to highlight line 1 in the slide with +#+COMMENT: the given sectionId (based on CUSTOM_ID org property of slide). +#+html: + +#+COMMENT: Now reproduce the previous defined source block using +#+COMMENT: noweb syntax so we have an exact copy but with highlighting. +#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb yes :exports code +<> +#+END_SRC + +* Python/Flask Example + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: python-flask-example-h-2 + :END: + +- Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., =pyjwt=) + - can compose checks using decorators: + +#+html: + +#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb yes :exports code +<> +#+END_SRC + +* Python/Flask Example + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: python-flask-example-h-3 + :END: + +- Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., =pyjwt=) + - can compose checks using decorators: + +#+html: + +#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb yes :exports code +<> +#+END_SRC + +* Python/Flask Example + :PROPERTIES: + :CUSTOM_ID: python-flask-example-h-4 + :END: + +- Easy to verify/decode using libraries (e.g., =pyjwt=) + - can compose checks using decorators: + +#+html: + +#+BEGIN_SRC python :noweb yes :exports code +<> +#+END_SRC + + +** Starting Flask :CodeTool: #+name: start-flask #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :exports code :python ~/code/ox_jwt/venv_ox_jwt/bin/python3 :eval never-export @@ -490,6 +612,7 @@ proc = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, 'app.py'], env=my_env) * Example of =@requires_jwt= +#+ATTR_REVEAL: :code_attribs data-line-numbers='4|5' #+BEGIN_SRC python def requires_jwt(func): @wraps(func) @@ -507,7 +630,7 @@ def requires_jwt(func): return decorated #+END_SRC -** Ensure Valid Token +** Ensure Valid Token :CodeTool: #+name: ensure-valid-token #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :results output :exports both :python ~/code/ox_jwt/venv_ox_jwt/bin/python3 :eval never-export @@ -554,7 +677,7 @@ def jwt_claims(claims_list: typing.Sequence[str]): return make_decorator #+END_SRC -** Ensure Claims (Bad Token) +** Ensure Claims (Bad Token) :CodeTool: #+name: ensure-valid-claims-bad-token #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :results output :exports both :python ~/code/ox_jwt/venv_ox_jwt/bin/python3 :eval never-export @@ -572,7 +695,7 @@ print(f'Bad token response:\n code: {req.status_code}\n' : code: 401 : text: Missing claims: ['premium_user'] -** Ensure Claims (Bad Claims) +** Ensure Claims (Bad Claims) :CodeTool: #+name: ensure-valid-claims-bad-claim #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :results output :exports both :python ~/code/ox_jwt/venv_ox_jwt/bin/python3 :eval never-export @@ -592,7 +715,7 @@ print(f'Premium token response:\n code: {req.status_code}\n' : code: 401 : text: Token age 20193 days, 17:37:05.670865 not within 0:00:30 -** Ensure Claims (Success) +** Ensure Claims (Success) :CodeTool: #+name: ensure-valid-claims-good #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :results output :exports both :python ~/code/ox_jwt/venv_ox_jwt/bin/python3 :eval never-export @@ -661,7 +784,7 @@ def issue(): return msg #+END_SRC -** Python demo +** Python demo :CodeTool: #+name: proxy-example #+BEGIN_SRC python :session jwt_example :results output :exports both :python ~/code/ox_jwt/venv_ox_jwt/bin/python3 :eval never-export @@ -683,15 +806,33 @@ print(req.text) -* Anti-Patterns +* Caveats -#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear appear appear) +#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (appear appear) - Beware using header fields to check signature - don't trust =alg= field or limit possibilities - e.g., ~algorithms=['EdDSA']~ - be careful with =kid=, =jku=, =jwk=, etc. - Don't simulate sessions with JWTs -- Token revocation issue: access/refresh tokens + - Use access/refresh tokens to solve logout/revocation + +* Example JKU Header Attack + +#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (none appear appear) +- Header can provide URL for key (useful): + - src_shell[:exports code]{{alg: "EdDSA", jku: "https://good.com/pk.json"}} +- Attacker can replace JKU with their own key: + - src_shell[:exports code]{{alg: "EdDSA", jku: "https://bad.com/pk.json"}} +- Don't trust header (validate against whitelist) + +* Example ALG Header Attack + +#+ATTR_REVEAL: :frag (none appear appear) +- Header can provide URL for key (useful): + - src_shell[:exports code]{{alg: "EdDSA", jku: "https://good.com/pk.json"}} +- Attacker can replace ALG with symmetric version: + - src_shell[:exports code]{{alg: "HS256", jku: "https://bad.com/pk.json"}} +- Don't trust header (validate against whitelist) * Revocation via Access/Refresh @@ -720,7 +861,6 @@ server will invalidate refresh token + require new credential check. #+name: jwt-get-refresh #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-get-refresh.jpg :eval never-export - digraph auth_system { // Define subgraphs subgraph top { @@ -747,6 +887,7 @@ digraph auth_system { } #+END_SRC +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-get-refresh [[file:images/jwt-get-refresh.jpg]] @@ -782,6 +923,7 @@ digraph auth_system { } #+END_SRC +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-get-access [[file:images/jwt-get-access.jpg]] @@ -817,11 +959,15 @@ digraph auth_system { } #+END_SRC +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-use-access [[file:images/jwt-use-access.jpg]] * Revocation + :PROPERTIES: + :ID: b85213ac-fd6e-4453-a250-141ea99156c6 + :END: #+name: jwt-revoke #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/jwt-revoke.jpg :eval never-export @@ -853,6 +999,7 @@ digraph auth_system { } #+END_SRC +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 90% #+RESULTS: jwt-revoke [[file:images/jwt-revoke.jpg]] @@ -871,14 +1018,18 @@ and separate validation from parsing. - e.g., NGINX can verify before passing to app server #+RESULTS: nginx-example [[file:images/nginx-example.jpg]] -- See implementation in =nginx= directory: -- https://github.com/aocks/ox_jwt ([[https://github.com/aocks/ox_jwt/blob/main/nginx/conf.d/example.conf#L44][example.conf]]) +- See [[https://github.com/aocks/ox_jwt/blob/main/nginx/conf.d/example.conf#L44][example.conf]] in =nginx= directory on [[https://github.com/aocks/ox_jwt][github.com/aocks/ox_jwt]] + +#+ATTR_HTML: :width 50% #+name: nginx-example #+begin_src dot :cmdline -Kdot -Tjpg :exports results :file images/nginx-example.jpg :eval never-export ,#+BEGIN_SRC dot digraph RequestFlow { + node [fontsize="30"]; + edge [fontsize="30"]; + rankdir = LR; request [label="request\nwith JWT"]; request -> nginx;