diff --git a/python/pyarrow/io.pxi b/python/pyarrow/io.pxi
index b648fbf6698..b709c1391de 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/io.pxi
+++ b/python/pyarrow/io.pxi
@@ -1336,6 +1336,8 @@ cdef class FixedSizeBufferWriter(NativeFile):
     """
 
     def __cinit__(self, Buffer buffer):
+        if not buffer.is_mutable:
+            raise ValueError("pa.FixedSizeBufferWriter() requires a mutable buffer")
         self.output_stream.reset(new CFixedSizeBufferWriter(buffer.buffer))
         self.is_writable = True
 
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
index 3d4ba997b3e..84726d4bc01 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_io.py
@@ -2225,6 +2225,19 @@ def test_output_stream_errors(tmpdir):
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
         pa.output_stream(buf, compression="foo")
 
+    for arg in [memoryview(b"x"), pa.py_buffer(b"x"),
+                memoryview(b""), pa.py_buffer(b"")]:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="requires a mutable buffer"):
+            pa.output_stream(arg)
+
+    for arg in [pa.py_buffer(b"x"), pa.py_buffer(b"")]:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="requires a mutable buffer"):
+            pa.FixedSizeBufferWriter(arg)
+
+    for arg in [memoryview(bytearray(1)), pa.py_buffer(bytearray(1))]:
+        with pa.output_stream(arg) as stream:
+            stream.write(b"x")
+
     for arg in [bytearray(), StringIO()]:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError):
             pa.output_stream(arg)