From 967aaa07e2ac38d2a07063ca78f8397ff0b78175 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stefan Miklosovic <smiklosovic@apache.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 18:49:01 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] add table_id to
 system_distributed.compression_dictionaries table

---
 .../db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java |  5 +++
 ...mpressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java | 20 +++++++--
 .../CompressionDictionaryEventHandler.java    |  2 +-
 .../CompressionDictionaryManager.java         | 18 ++++----
 .../CompressionDictionaryScheduler.java       |  5 ++-
 .../schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java     | 42 ++++++++++++-------
 .../CompressionDictionaryDataObjectTest.java  | 18 +++++++-
 .../CompressionDictionarySchedulerTest.java   |  7 ++--
 ...utedKeyspaceCompressionDictionaryTest.java | 42 ++++++++++---------
 ...rtImportListCompressionDictionaryTest.java |  8 ++--
 10 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java
index bbacacd85ca2..feda5644050c 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java
@@ -261,11 +261,13 @@ static LightweightCompressionDictionary createFromRowLightweight(UntypedResultSe
         int size = row.getInt("dict_length");
         String keyspaceName = row.getString("keyspace_name");
         String tableName = row.getString("table_name");
+        String tableId = row.getString("table_id");
 
         try
         {
             return new LightweightCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName,
                                                         tableName,
+                                                        tableId,
                                                         new DictId(CompressionDictionary.Kind.valueOf(kindStr), dictId),
                                                         checksum,
                                                         size);
@@ -430,18 +432,21 @@ class LightweightCompressionDictionary
     {
         public final String keyspaceName;
         public final String tableName;
+        public final String tableId;
         public final DictId dictId;
         public final int checksum;
         public final int size;
 
         public LightweightCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName,
                                                 String tableName,
+                                                String tableId,
                                                 DictId dictId,
                                                 int checksum,
                                                 int size)
         {
             this.keyspaceName = keyspaceName;
             this.tableName = tableName;
+            this.tableId = tableId;
             this.dictId = dictId;
             this.checksum = checksum;
             this.size = size;
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java
index 3802c10abac6..8f0620a6ed65 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java
@@ -45,10 +45,11 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData
      * We do not need to process this entry as listing does not contain any raw dictionary,
      * only exporting does.
      */
-    public static final int TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_RAW_DICTIONARY_INDEX = 3;
+    public static final int TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_RAW_DICTIONARY_INDEX = 4;
 
     public static final String KEYSPACE_NAME = "Keyspace";
     public static final String TABLE_NAME = "Table";
+    public static final String TABLE_ID_NAME = "TableId";
     public static final String DICT_ID_NAME = "DictId";
     public static final String DICT_NAME = "Dict";
     public static final String KIND_NAME = "Kind";
@@ -58,6 +59,7 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData
 
     private static final String[] ITEM_NAMES = new String[]{ KEYSPACE_NAME,
                                                              TABLE_NAME,
+                                                             TABLE_ID_NAME,
                                                              DICT_ID_NAME,
                                                              DICT_NAME,
                                                              KIND_NAME,
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData
 
     private static final String[] ITEM_DESCS = new String[]{ "keyspace",
                                                              "table",
+                                                             "table_id",
                                                              "dictionary_id",
                                                              "dictionary_bytes",
                                                              "kind",
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData
         {
             ITEM_TYPES = new OpenType[]{ SimpleType.STRING, // keyspace
                                          SimpleType.STRING, // table
+                                         SimpleType.STRING, // tableId
                                          SimpleType.LONG, // dict id
                                          new ArrayType<String[]>(SimpleType.BYTE, true), // dict bytes
                                          SimpleType.STRING, // kind
@@ -115,6 +119,7 @@ public static CompositeData fromLightweightCompressionDictionary(LightweightComp
                                             {
                                             dictionary.keyspaceName,
                                             dictionary.tableName,
+                                            dictionary.tableId,
                                             dictionary.dictId.id,
                                             null, // on purpose not returning actual dictionary
                                             dictionary.dictId.kind.name(),
@@ -133,10 +138,11 @@ public static CompositeData fromLightweightCompressionDictionary(LightweightComp
      *
      * @param keyspace   keyspace of a dictionary
      * @param table      table of a dictionary
+     * @param tableId    id of a table dictionary is for
      * @param dictionary dictionary itself
      * @return composite data representing dictionary
      */
-    public static CompositeData fromCompressionDictionary(String keyspace, String table, CompressionDictionary dictionary)
+    public static CompositeData fromCompressionDictionary(String keyspace, String table, String tableId, CompressionDictionary dictionary)
     {
         try
         {
@@ -146,6 +152,7 @@ public static CompositeData fromCompressionDictionary(String keyspace, String ta
                                             {
                                             keyspace,
                                             table,
+                                            tableId,
                                             dictionary.dictId().id,
                                             dictionary.rawDictionary(),
                                             dictionary.kind().name(),
@@ -176,6 +183,7 @@ public static CompositeData fromCompressionDictionaryDataObject(CompressionDicti
                                             {
                                             dataObject.keyspace,
                                             dataObject.table,
+                                            dataObject.tableId,
                                             dataObject.dictId,
                                             dataObject.dict,
                                             dataObject.kind,
@@ -200,6 +208,7 @@ public static CompressionDictionaryDataObject fromCompositeData(CompositeData co
     {
         return new CompressionDictionaryDataObject((String) compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.KEYSPACE_NAME),
                                                    (String) compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABLE_NAME),
+                                                   (String) compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABLE_ID_NAME),
                                                    (Long) compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.DICT_ID_NAME),
                                                    (byte[]) compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.DICT_NAME),
                                                    (String) compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.KIND_NAME),
@@ -211,6 +220,7 @@ public static class CompressionDictionaryDataObject
     {
         public final String keyspace;
         public final String table;
+        public final String tableId;
         public final long dictId;
         public final byte[] dict;
         public final String kind;
@@ -220,6 +230,7 @@ public static class CompressionDictionaryDataObject
         @JsonCreator
         public CompressionDictionaryDataObject(@JsonProperty("keyspace") String keyspace,
                                                @JsonProperty("table") String table,
+                                               @JsonProperty("tableId") String tableId,
                                                @JsonProperty("dictId") long dictId,
                                                @JsonProperty("dict") byte[] dict,
                                                @JsonProperty("kind") String kind,
@@ -228,6 +239,7 @@ public CompressionDictionaryDataObject(@JsonProperty("keyspace") String keyspace
         {
             this.keyspace = keyspace;
             this.table = table;
+            this.tableId = tableId;
             this.dictId = dictId;
             this.dict = dict;
             this.kind = kind;
@@ -241,7 +253,7 @@ public CompressionDictionaryDataObject(@JsonProperty("keyspace") String keyspace
          * An object of this class is considered to be valid if:
          *
          * <ul>
-         *     <li>keyspace and table are not null</li>
+         *     <li>keyspace, table and table id are not null</li>
          *     <li>dict id is lower than 0</li>
          *     <li>dict is not null nor empty</li>
          *     <li>dict length is less than or equal to 1MiB</li>
@@ -257,6 +269,8 @@ private void validate()
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keyspace not specified.");
             if (table == null)
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Table not specified.");
+            if (tableId == null)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Table id not specified");
             if (dictId <= 0)
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Provided dictionary id must be positive but it is '" + dictId + "'.");
             if (dict == null || dict.length == 0)
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryEventHandler.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryEventHandler.java
index c2b0a32a7687..ed4d270d0c8f 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryEventHandler.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryEventHandler.java
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ public void onNewDictionaryAvailable(CompressionDictionary.DictId dictionaryId)
                     return;
                 }
 
-                CompressionDictionary dictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, dictionaryId.id);
+                CompressionDictionary dictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, cfs.metadata().id.toLongString(), dictionaryId.id);
                 cache.add(dictionary);
             }
             catch (Exception e)
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryManager.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryManager.java
index a7875fa3adb3..fa35cfd81869 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryManager.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryManager.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryManager implements CompressionDictionaryManage
 
     private final String keyspaceName;
     private final String tableName;
+    private final String tableId;
     private final ColumnFamilyStore columnFamilyStore;
     private volatile boolean mbeanRegistered;
     private volatile boolean isEnabled;
@@ -73,12 +74,13 @@ public CompressionDictionaryManager(ColumnFamilyStore columnFamilyStore, boolean
     {
         this.keyspaceName = columnFamilyStore.keyspace.getName();
         this.tableName = columnFamilyStore.getTableName();
+        this.tableId = columnFamilyStore.metadata().id.toLongString();
         this.columnFamilyStore = columnFamilyStore;
 
         this.isEnabled = columnFamilyStore.metadata().params.compression.isDictionaryCompressionEnabled();
         this.cache = new CompressionDictionaryCache();
         this.eventHandler = new CompressionDictionaryEventHandler(columnFamilyStore, cache);
-        this.scheduler = new CompressionDictionaryScheduler(keyspaceName, tableName, cache, isEnabled);
+        this.scheduler = new CompressionDictionaryScheduler(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId, cache, isEnabled);
         if (isEnabled)
         {
             // Initialize components
@@ -270,7 +272,7 @@ public CompositeData getTrainingState()
     @Override
     public TabularData listCompressionDictionaries()
     {
-        List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> dictionaries = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries(keyspaceName, tableName);
+        List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> dictionaries = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
         TabularDataSupport tableData = new TabularDataSupport(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_TYPE);
 
         if (dictionaries == null)
@@ -289,21 +291,21 @@ public TabularData listCompressionDictionaries()
     @Override
     public CompositeData getCompressionDictionary()
     {
-        CompressionDictionary compressionDictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName);
+        CompressionDictionary compressionDictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
         if (compressionDictionary == null)
             return null;
 
-        return CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, compressionDictionary);
+        return CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId, compressionDictionary);
     }
 
     @Override
     public CompositeData getCompressionDictionary(long dictId)
     {
-        CompressionDictionary compressionDictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, dictId);
+        CompressionDictionary compressionDictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId, dictId);
         if (compressionDictionary == null)
             return null;
 
-        return CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, compressionDictionary);
+        return CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId, compressionDictionary);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -333,7 +335,7 @@ public synchronized void importCompressionDictionary(CompositeData compositeData
 
         CompressionDictionary.DictId dictId = new CompressionDictionary.DictId(kind, dataObject.dictId);
 
-        LightweightCompressionDictionary latestCompressionDictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLightweightLatestCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName);
+        LightweightCompressionDictionary latestCompressionDictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLightweightLatestCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
         if (latestCompressionDictionary != null && latestCompressionDictionary.dictId.id > dictId.id)
         {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(format("Dictionary to import has older dictionary id (%s) than the latest compression dictionary (%s) for table %s.%s",
@@ -438,7 +440,7 @@ private void storeDictionary(CompressionDictionary dictionary)
             return;
         }
 
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, dictionary);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId, dictionary);
         cache.add(dictionary);
     }
 
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryScheduler.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryScheduler.java
index e757364711d5..c6f5b6a922f0 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryScheduler.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryScheduler.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryScheduler implements ICompressionDictionarySch
 
     private final String keyspaceName;
     private final String tableName;
+    private final String tableId;
     private final ICompressionDictionaryCache cache;
     private final AtomicBoolean manualTrainingInProgress = new AtomicBoolean(false);
 
@@ -59,11 +60,13 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryScheduler implements ICompressionDictionarySch
 
     public CompressionDictionaryScheduler(String keyspaceName,
                                           String tableName,
+                                          String tableId,
                                           ICompressionDictionaryCache cache,
                                           boolean isEnabled)
     {
         this.keyspaceName = keyspaceName;
         this.tableName = tableName;
+        this.tableId = tableId;
         this.cache = cache;
         this.isEnabled = isEnabled;
     }
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ private void refreshDictionaryFromSystemTable()
                 return;
             }
 
-            CompressionDictionary dictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName);
+            CompressionDictionary dictionary = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
             cache.add(dictionary);
         }
         catch (Exception e)
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java
index 04ccb543454b..31cbd2246e97 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java
@@ -199,13 +199,14 @@ private SystemDistributedKeyspace()
     public static final String COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES_CQL = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS %s (" +
                                                               "keyspace_name text," +
                                                               "table_name text," +
+                                                              "table_id text," +
                                                               "kind text," +
                                                               "dict_id bigint," +
                                                               "dict blob," +
                                                               "dict_length int," +
                                                               "dict_checksum int," +
-                                                              "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name, table_name), dict_id)) " +
-                                                              "WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (dict_id DESC)"; // in order to retrieve the latest dictionary; the contract is the newer the dictionary the larger the dict_id
+                                                              "PRIMARY KEY ((keyspace_name, table_name), table_id, dict_id)) " +
+                                                              "WITH CLUSTERING ORDER BY (table_id DESC, dict_id DESC)"; // in order to retrieve the latest dictionary; the contract is the newer the dictionary the larger the dict_id
 
     private static final TableMetadata CompressionDictionariesTable =
         parse(COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, "Compression dictionaries for applicable tables", COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES_CQL).build();
@@ -415,17 +416,22 @@ public static void setViewRemoved(String keyspaceName, String viewName)
      *
      * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name to associate with the dictionary
      * @param tableName the table name to associate with the dictionary
+     * @param tableId the unique id of a table to associate with the dictionary
      * @param dictionary the compression dictionary to store
      */
-    public static void storeCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName, CompressionDictionary dictionary)
+    public static void storeCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName,
+                                                  String tableName,
+                                                  String tableId,
+                                                  CompressionDictionary dictionary)
     {
         byte[] dict = dictionary.rawDictionary();
-        String query = "INSERT INTO %s.%s (keyspace_name, table_name, kind, dict_id, dict, dict_length, dict_checksum) VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%s', %s, ?, %s, %s)";
+        String query = "INSERT INTO %s.%s (keyspace_name, table_name, table_id, kind, dict_id, dict, dict_length, dict_checksum) VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', %s, ?, %s, %s)";
         String fmtQuery = format(query,
                                  SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME,
                                  COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES,
                                  keyspaceName,
                                  tableName,
+                                 tableId,
                                  dictionary.kind(),
                                  dictionary.dictId().id,
                                  dict.length,
@@ -440,14 +446,15 @@ public static void storeCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableN
      *
      * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @param tableName the table name to retrieve the dictionary for
+     * @param tableId the id of the table to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @return the latest compression dictionary for the specified keyspace and table,
      *         or null if no dictionary exists or if an error occurs during retrieval
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static CompressionDictionary retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName)
+    public static CompressionDictionary retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName, String tableId)
     {
-        String query = "SELECT kind, dict_id, dict, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' LIMIT 1";
-        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName);
+        String query = "SELECT kind, dict_id, dict, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND table_id='%s' LIMIT 1";
+        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
         try
         {
             return CompressionDictionary.createFromRow(QueryProcessor.execute(fmtQuery, ConsistencyLevel.ONE).one());
@@ -464,14 +471,15 @@ public static CompressionDictionary retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(String k
      *
      * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @param tableName the table name to retrieve the dictionary for
+     * @param tableId the table id to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @return the latest compression dictionary for the specified keyspace and table,
      *         or null if no dictionary exists or if an error occurs during retrieval
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static LightweightCompressionDictionary retrieveLightweightLatestCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName)
+    public static LightweightCompressionDictionary retrieveLightweightLatestCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName, String tableId)
     {
-        String query = "SELECT keyspace_name, table_name, kind, dict_id, dict_checksum, dict_length FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' LIMIT 1";
-        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName);
+        String query = "SELECT keyspace_name, table_name, table_id, kind, dict_id, dict_checksum, dict_length FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND table_id='%s' LIMIT 1";
+        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
         try
         {
             return CompressionDictionary.createFromRowLightweight(QueryProcessor.execute(fmtQuery, ConsistencyLevel.ONE).one());
@@ -488,15 +496,16 @@ public static LightweightCompressionDictionary retrieveLightweightLatestCompress
      *
      * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @param tableName the table name to retrieve the dictionary for
+     * @param tableId the table id to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @param dictionaryId the dictionary id to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @return the compression dictionary identified by the specified keyspace, table and dictionaryId,
      *         or null if no dictionary exists or if an error occurs during retrieval
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static CompressionDictionary retrieveCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName, long dictionaryId)
+    public static CompressionDictionary retrieveCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName, String tableName, String tableId, long dictionaryId)
     {
-        String query = "SELECT kind, dict_id, dict, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND dict_id=%s";
-        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName, dictionaryId);
+        String query = "SELECT kind, dict_id, dict, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND table_id='%s' AND dict_id=%s";
+        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName, tableId, dictionaryId);
         try
         {
             return CompressionDictionary.createFromRow(QueryProcessor.execute(fmtQuery, ConsistencyLevel.ONE).one());
@@ -512,14 +521,15 @@ public static CompressionDictionary retrieveCompressionDictionary(String keyspac
      *
      * @param keyspaceName the keyspace name to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @param tableName the table name to retrieve the dictionary for
+     * @param tableId the table id to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @return the compression dictionaries identified by the specified keyspace and table,
      *         or null if no dictionary exists or if an error occurs during retrieval
      */
     @Nullable
-    public static List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries(String keyspaceName, String tableName)
+    public static List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries(String keyspaceName, String tableName, String tableId)
     {
-        String query = "SELECT keyspace_name, table_name, kind, dict_id, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s'";
-        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName);
+        String query = "SELECT keyspace_name, table_name, table_id, kind, dict_id, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND table_id='%s'";
+        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
         try
         {
             UntypedResultSet result = QueryProcessor.execute(fmtQuery, ConsistencyLevel.ONE);
diff --git a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDataObjectTest.java b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDataObjectTest.java
index 47be2334fd72..268c8222bd81 100644
--- a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDataObjectTest.java
+++ b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDataObjectTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 package org.apache.cassandra.db.compression;
 
+import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeData;
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ public class CompressionDictionaryDataObjectTest
 {
     private static final String KEYSPACE = "ks";
     private static final String TABLE = "tb";
+    private static final String TABLE_ID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
     private static final CompressionDictionary COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY = CompressionDictionaryHelper.INSTANCE.trainDictionary(KEYSPACE, TABLE);
     private static final CompressionDictionaryDataObject VALID_OBJECT = createValidObject();
 
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@ public void testConversionOfCompressionDictionaryDataObjectToCompositeDataAndBac
     @Test
     public void testConversionOfCompressionDictionaryToDataObject()
     {
-        CompositeData compositeData = CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompressionDictionary(KEYSPACE, TABLE, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY);
+        CompositeData compositeData = CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompressionDictionary(KEYSPACE, TABLE, TABLE_ID, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY);
         CompressionDictionaryDataObject dataObject = CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromCompositeData(compositeData);
 
         assertEquals(KEYSPACE, dataObject.keyspace);
@@ -76,6 +78,7 @@ public void testConversionOfLightweightDictionaryToCompositeData()
     {
         LightweightCompressionDictionary lightweight = new LightweightCompressionDictionary(KEYSPACE,
                                                                                             TABLE,
+                                                                                            TABLE_ID,
                                                                                             COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY.dictId(),
                                                                                             COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY.checksum(),
                                                                                             COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY.rawDictionary().length);
@@ -84,6 +87,7 @@ public void testConversionOfLightweightDictionaryToCompositeData()
 
         assertEquals(KEYSPACE, compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.KEYSPACE_NAME));
         assertEquals(TABLE, compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABLE_NAME));
+        assertEquals(TABLE_ID, compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABLE_ID_NAME));
         assertEquals(COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY.dictId().id, compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.DICT_ID_NAME));
         assertNull(compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.DICT_NAME));
         assertEquals(COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY.dictId().kind.name(), compositeData.get(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.KIND_NAME));
@@ -96,6 +100,7 @@ public void testValidation()
     {
         assertInvalid(modifier -> modifier.withKeyspace(null), "Keyspace not specified.");
         assertInvalid(modifier -> modifier.withTable(null), "Table not specified.");
+        assertInvalid(modifier -> modifier.withTableId(null), "Table id not specified");
         assertInvalid(modifier -> modifier.withDictId(-1), "Provided dictionary id must be positive but it is '-1'.");
         assertInvalid(modifier -> modifier.withDict(null), "Provided dictionary byte array is null or empty.");
         assertInvalid(modifier -> modifier.withDict(new byte[0]), "Provided dictionary byte array is null or empty.");
@@ -127,6 +132,7 @@ private static CompressionDictionaryDataObject createValidObject()
     {
         return new CompressionDictionaryDataObject("ks",
                                                    "tb",
+                                                   TABLE_ID,
                                                    123,
                                                    COMPRESSION_DICTIONARY.rawDictionary(),
                                                    CompressionDictionary.Kind.ZSTD.name(),
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ private static class DataObjectModifier
     {
         private String keyspace;
         private String table;
+        private String tableId;
         private long dictId;
         private byte[] dict;
         private String kind;
@@ -150,6 +157,7 @@ public DataObjectModifier(CompressionDictionaryDataObject from)
         {
             withKeyspace(from.keyspace);
             withTable(from.table);
+            withTableId(from.tableId);
             withDictId(from.dictId);
             withDict(from.dict);
             withKind(from.kind);
@@ -159,7 +167,7 @@ public DataObjectModifier(CompressionDictionaryDataObject from)
 
         public CompressionDictionaryDataObject build()
         {
-            return new CompressionDictionaryDataObject(keyspace, table, dictId, dict, kind, dictChecksum, dictLength);
+            return new CompressionDictionaryDataObject(keyspace, table, tableId, dictId, dict, kind, dictChecksum, dictLength);
         }
 
         public DataObjectModifier withKeyspace(String keyspace)
@@ -174,6 +182,12 @@ public DataObjectModifier withTable(String table)
             return this;
         }
 
+        public DataObjectModifier withTableId(String tableId)
+        {
+            this.tableId = tableId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
         public DataObjectModifier withDictId(long dictId)
         {
             this.dictId = dictId;
diff --git a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionarySchedulerTest.java b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionarySchedulerTest.java
index 42f91a82e0eb..7406cd963c1d 100644
--- a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionarySchedulerTest.java
+++ b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionarySchedulerTest.java
@@ -61,9 +61,8 @@ public void testScheduleSSTableBasedTrainingWithNoSSTables()
     {
         String table = createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (id int PRIMARY KEY, data text) " +
                                    "WITH compression = {'class': 'ZstdDictionaryCompressor'}");
-        scheduler = new CompressionDictionaryScheduler(KEYSPACE, table, cache, true);
-
         ColumnFamilyStore cfs = Keyspace.open(keyspace()).getColumnFamilyStore(table);
+        scheduler = new CompressionDictionaryScheduler(KEYSPACE, table, cfs.metadata.id.toLongString(), cache, true);
         CompressionDictionaryManager manager = cfs.compressionDictionaryManager();
 
         Set<SSTableReader> sstables = new HashSet<>();
@@ -80,9 +79,9 @@ public void testScheduleSSTableBasedTrainingWithSSTables()
     {
         String table = createTable("CREATE TABLE %s (id int PRIMARY KEY, data text) " +
                                    "WITH compression = {'class': 'ZstdDictionaryCompressor', 'chunk_length_in_kb': '4'}");
-        scheduler = new CompressionDictionaryScheduler(KEYSPACE, table, cache, true);
-
         ColumnFamilyStore cfs = Keyspace.open(keyspace()).getColumnFamilyStore(table);
+        scheduler = new CompressionDictionaryScheduler(KEYSPACE, table, cfs.metadata.id.toLongString(), cache, true);
+
         cfs.disableAutoCompaction();
         CompressionDictionaryManager manager = cfs.compressionDictionaryManager();
 
diff --git a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspaceCompressionDictionaryTest.java b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspaceCompressionDictionaryTest.java
index 11b0764a1a55..2a3fd248621a 100644
--- a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspaceCompressionDictionaryTest.java
+++ b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspaceCompressionDictionaryTest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -79,12 +80,12 @@ public void testCompressionDictionariesTableExists()
     @Test
     public void testStoreCompressionDictionary() throws Exception
     {
+        String tableID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
         // Store a dictionary
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, testDictionary1);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, testDictionary1);
 
         // Verify it was stored
-        CompressionDictionary retrieved = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(
-        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE);
+        CompressionDictionary retrieved = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID);
 
         assertThat(retrieved)
         .as("Retrieved dictionary should not be null")
@@ -106,15 +107,15 @@ public void testStoreCompressionDictionary() throws Exception
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testStoreMultipleDictionaries() throws Exception
+    public void testStoreMultipleDictionaries()
     {
+        String tableID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
         // Store multiple dictionaries for the same table
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, testDictionary1);
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, testDictionary2);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, testDictionary1);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, testDictionary2);
 
         // Should retrieve the latest one (higher ID due to clustering order)
-        CompressionDictionary latest = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(
-        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE);
+        CompressionDictionary latest = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID);
 
         assertThat(latest)
         .as("Should retrieve the latest dictionary")
@@ -128,17 +129,18 @@ public void testStoreMultipleDictionaries() throws Exception
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testRetrieveSpecificDictionary() throws Exception
+    public void testRetrieveSpecificDictionary()
     {
+        String tableID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
         // Store both dictionaries
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, testDictionary1);
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, testDictionary2);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, testDictionary1);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, testDictionary2);
 
         // Retrieve specific dictionary by ID
         CompressionDictionary dict1 = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(
-        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, 100L);
+        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, 100L);
         CompressionDictionary dict2 = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(
-        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, 200L);
+        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, 200L);
 
         assertThat(dict1)
         .as("Should retrieve dictionary 1")
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ public void testRetrieveNonExistentDictionary()
     {
         // Try to retrieve dictionary that doesn't exist
         CompressionDictionary nonExistent = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLatestCompressionDictionary(
-        "nonexistent_keyspace", "nonexistent_table");
+        "nonexistent_keyspace", "nonexistent_table", "nonexistingid");
 
         assertThat(nonExistent)
         .as("Should return null for non-existent dictionary")
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@ public void testRetrieveNonExistentDictionary()
 
         // Try to retrieve specific dictionary that doesn't exist
         CompressionDictionary nonExistentById = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveCompressionDictionary(
-        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, 999L);
+        TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, "nonexistingid",999L);
 
         assertThat(nonExistentById)
         .as("Should return null for non-existent dictionary ID")
@@ -181,18 +183,20 @@ public void testRetrieveNonExistentDictionary()
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testStoredDictionaryIncludesLengthAndChecksum() throws Exception
+    public void testStoredDictionaryIncludesLengthAndChecksum()
     {
+        String tableID = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
         // Store a dictionary
-        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, testDictionary1);
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.storeCompressionDictionary(TEST_KEYSPACE, TEST_TABLE, tableID, testDictionary1);
 
         // Query the table directly to verify dict_length and dict_checksum are stored
-        String query = String.format("SELECT dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = '%s' AND table_name = '%s' AND dict_id = %d",
+        String query = String.format("SELECT dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name = '%s' AND table_name = '%s' AND dict_id = %d AND table_id = '%s'",
                                      SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME,
                                      SystemDistributedKeyspace.COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES,
                                      TEST_KEYSPACE,
                                      TEST_TABLE,
-                                     testDictionary1.dictId().id);
+                                     testDictionary1.dictId().id,
+                                     tableID);
 
         var resultSet = QueryProcessor.executeInternal(query);
 
diff --git a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/ExportImportListCompressionDictionaryTest.java b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/ExportImportListCompressionDictionaryTest.java
index ea4e72801b4d..a34e79560aa8 100644
--- a/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/ExportImportListCompressionDictionaryTest.java
+++ b/test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/ExportImportListCompressionDictionaryTest.java
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public void testExportImportListCompressionDictionary() throws Throwable
         importDictionary(pair.right);
 
         list(pair.left, firstTable);
-        list(pair.left, secondTable);
+        list(export(secondTable, null).left, secondTable);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ public void testInvalidKeyspaceTable() throws Throwable
         // test non-existing keyspace / table
         serializeToJsonFile(new CompressionDictionaryDataObject("abc",
                                                                 "def",
+                                                                "123",
                                                                 pair.left.dictId,
                                                                 pair.left.dict,
                                                                 pair.left.kind,
@@ -167,8 +168,8 @@ private void list(CompressionDictionaryDataObject dataObject, String table)
         ToolResult result = invokeNodetool("compressiondictionary", "list", keyspace(), table);
         result.assertOnExitCode();
         assertTrue(result.getStdout()
-                         .contains(format("%s %s %s %s %s %s",
-                                          keyspace(), table, dataObject.dictId,
+                         .contains(format("%s %s %s %s %s %s %s",
+                                          keyspace(), table, dataObject.tableId, dataObject.dictId,
                                           dataObject.kind, dataObject.dictChecksum,
                                           dataObject.dictLength)));
     }
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@ private void rewriteTable(String table, Pair<CompressionDictionaryDataObject, Fi
     {
         serializeToJsonFile(new CompressionDictionaryDataObject(pair.left.keyspace,
                                                                 table,
+                                                                pair.left.tableId,
                                                                 pair.left.dictId,
                                                                 pair.left.dict,
                                                                 pair.left.kind,

From 773db9ae738711979b00dd296daf683ebe32a2a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stefan Miklosovic <smiklosovic@apache.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 13:26:58 +1100
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] clear orphaned

---
 .../db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java |  13 ++
 ...mpressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java |   8 ++
 .../schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java     |  74 +++++++++-
 .../cassandra/service/StorageService.java     |  24 ++++
 .../service/StorageServiceMBean.java          |   4 +
 .../org/apache/cassandra/tools/NodeProbe.java |  14 ++
 .../CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.java    | 130 +++++++++++++-----
 7 files changed, 234 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java
index feda5644050c..30f37a0b5568 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionary.java
@@ -451,5 +451,18 @@ public LightweightCompressionDictionary(String keyspaceName,
             this.checksum = checksum;
             this.size = size;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString()
+        {
+            return "LightweightCompressionDictionary{" +
+                   "keyspaceName='" + keyspaceName + '\'' +
+                   ", tableName='" + tableName + '\'' +
+                   ", tableId='" + tableId + '\'' +
+                   ", dictId=" + dictId +
+                   ", checksum=" + checksum +
+                   ", size=" + size +
+                   '}';
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java
index 8f0620a6ed65..588bb418d341 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/db/compression/CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.java
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@
 
 public class CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData
 {
+    /**
+     * Position inside index names of tabular type of tabular data returned upon
+     * listing dictionaries where table id is expected to be located.
+     * We do not need to process this entry at all time, e.g. when not listing
+     * orphaned compression dictionaries.
+     */
+    public static final int TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_TABLE_ID_INDEX = 2;
+
     /**
      * Position inside index names of tabular type of tabular data returned upon
      * listing dictionaries where raw dictionary is expected to be located.
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java
index 31cbd2246e97..31141b6852f9 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/schema/SystemDistributedKeyspace.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 import org.apache.cassandra.locator.InetAddressAndPort;
 import org.apache.cassandra.repair.CommonRange;
 import org.apache.cassandra.repair.messages.RepairOption;
+import org.apache.cassandra.tcm.ClusterMetadata;
 import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
 import org.apache.cassandra.utils.TimeUUID;
 
@@ -523,16 +524,85 @@ public static CompressionDictionary retrieveCompressionDictionary(String keyspac
      * @param tableName the table name to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @param tableId the table id to retrieve the dictionary for
      * @return the compression dictionaries identified by the specified keyspace and table,
-     *         or null if no dictionary exists or if an error occurs during retrieval
+     *         empty list if no dictionary exists or null if an error occurs during retrieval
      */
     @Nullable
     public static List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries(String keyspaceName, String tableName, String tableId)
     {
         String query = "SELECT keyspace_name, table_name, table_id, kind, dict_id, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND table_id='%s'";
         String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES, keyspaceName, tableName, tableId);
+        return retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionariesInternal(fmtQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves all compression dictionaries in a lightweight form.
+     *
+     * @return all compression dictionaries, lightweight form, empty list if no dictionary exists
+     *         or null if an error occurs during retrieval
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        String query = "SELECT keyspace_name, table_name, table_id, kind, dict_id, dict_length, dict_checksum FROM %s.%s";
+        String fmtQuery = format(query, SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME, COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES);
+        return retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionariesInternal(fmtQuery);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves all orphaned compression dictionaries in a lightweight form.
+     *
+     * @return all orphaned compression dictionaries, lightweight form, empty list if no dictionary exists
+     *         or null if an error occurs during retrieval
+     */
+    public static List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> retrieveOrphanedLightweightCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> dicts = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionaries();
+        if (dicts == null || dicts.isEmpty())
+            return List.of();
+
+        List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> orphaned = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (LightweightCompressionDictionary dict : dicts)
+        {
+            TableMetadata tableMetadata = ClusterMetadata.current().schema.getTableMetadata(dict.keyspaceName, dict.tableName);
+            if (tableMetadata == null || !tableMetadata.id.toLongString().equals(dict.tableId))
+                orphaned.add(dict);
+        }
+
+        return orphaned;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all orphaned compression dictionaries.
+     */
+    public static void clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        for (LightweightCompressionDictionary orphanedDict : SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveOrphanedLightweightCompressionDictionaries())
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                QueryProcessor.execute(String.format("DELETE FROM %s.%s WHERE keyspace_name='%s' AND table_name='%s' AND table_id='%s' AND dict_id=%s",
+                                                     SchemaConstants.DISTRIBUTED_KEYSPACE_NAME,
+                                                     SystemDistributedKeyspace.COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES,
+                                                     orphanedDict.keyspaceName,
+                                                     orphanedDict.tableName,
+                                                     orphanedDict.tableId,
+                                                     orphanedDict.dictId.id),
+                                       ConsistencyLevel.ONE);
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logger.error("Unable to delete orphaned compression dictionary: {}, Reason: {}",
+                             orphanedDict.toString(),
+                             e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> retrieveLightweightCompressionDictionariesInternal(String query)
+    {
         try
         {
-            UntypedResultSet result = QueryProcessor.execute(fmtQuery, ConsistencyLevel.ONE);
+            UntypedResultSet result = QueryProcessor.execute(query, ConsistencyLevel.ONE);
             if (result.isEmpty())
                 return Collections.emptyList();
             List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> dictionaries = new ArrayList<>();
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageService.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageService.java
index dc9d9e3f680b..c9c8f4ed103b 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageService.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageService.java
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeData;
 import javax.management.openmbean.OpenDataException;
 import javax.management.openmbean.TabularData;
+import javax.management.openmbean.TabularDataSupport;
 
 import com.codahale.metrics.Meter;
 import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@
 import org.apache.cassandra.db.commitlog.CommitLog;
 import org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.CompactionManager;
 import org.apache.cassandra.db.compaction.OperationType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.compression.CompressionDictionary.LightweightCompressionDictionary;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.compression.CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData;
 import org.apache.cassandra.db.guardrails.Guardrails;
 import org.apache.cassandra.db.lifecycle.LifecycleTransaction;
 import org.apache.cassandra.dht.BootStrapper;
@@ -5782,4 +5785,25 @@ public List<String> mutateSSTableRepairedState(boolean repaired, boolean preview
         }
         return sstablesTouched;
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public TabularData getOrphanedCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        List<LightweightCompressionDictionary> dicts = SystemDistributedKeyspace.retrieveOrphanedLightweightCompressionDictionaries();
+        TabularDataSupport tabularData = new TabularDataSupport(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_TYPE);
+
+        if (dicts.isEmpty())
+            return tabularData;
+
+        for (LightweightCompressionDictionary dict : dicts)
+            tabularData.put(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.fromLightweightCompressionDictionary(dict));
+
+        return tabularData;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        SystemDistributedKeyspace.clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageServiceMBean.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageServiceMBean.java
index be54b4fc76dd..da03f51a47d4 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageServiceMBean.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/service/StorageServiceMBean.java
@@ -1400,4 +1400,8 @@ public void enableAuditLog(String loggerName, String includedKeyspaces, String e
 
     /** Mutates the repaired state of all SSTables for the given SSTables */
     public List<String> mutateSSTableRepairedState(boolean repaired, boolean preview, String keyspace, List<String> tables);
+
+    TabularData getOrphanedCompressionDictionaries();
+
+    void clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries();
 }
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/NodeProbe.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/NodeProbe.java
index 52ed11509b8e..567df0928342 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/NodeProbe.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/NodeProbe.java
@@ -2819,6 +2819,20 @@ public TrainingState getCompressionDictionaryTrainingState(String keyspace, Stri
         return TrainingState.fromCompositeData(compositeData);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Gets all compression dictionaries which are orphaned, that is a table they were trained for was dropped.
+     * @return tabular data of orphaned dictionaries
+     */
+    public TabularData getOrphanedCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        return ssProxy.getOrphanedCompressionDictionaries();
+    }
+
+    public void clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries()
+    {
+        ssProxy.clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries();
+    }
+
     private CompressionDictionaryManagerMBean getDictionaryManagerProxy(String keyspace, String table) throws IOException
     {
         // Construct table-specific MBean name
diff --git a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.java b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.java
index 757260f66e43..22a3affcbf15 100644
--- a/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.java
+++ b/src/java/org/apache/cassandra/tools/nodetool/CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeData;
 import javax.management.openmbean.TabularData;
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 import org.apache.cassandra.db.compression.TrainingState;
 import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.File;
 import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.SystemDistributedKeyspace;
 import org.apache.cassandra.tools.NodeProbe;
 import org.apache.cassandra.tools.nodetool.formatter.TableBuilder;
 import org.apache.cassandra.utils.Clock;
@@ -61,7 +63,8 @@
          subcommands = { CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.TrainDictionary.class,
                          CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.ListDictionaries.class,
                          CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.ExportDictionary.class,
-                         CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.ImportDictionary.class })
+                         CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.ImportDictionary.class,
+                         CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup.CleanupDictionaries.class})
 public class CompressionDictionaryCommandGroup
 {
     @Command(name = "train",
@@ -216,40 +219,43 @@ public static class ListDictionaries extends AbstractCommand
         @Override
         protected void execute(NodeProbe probe)
         {
-            try
-            {
-                TableBuilder tableBuilder = new TableBuilder();
-                TabularData tabularData = probe.listCompressionDictionaries(keyspace, table);
-                List<String> indexNames = tabularData.getTabularType().getIndexNames();
-
-                List<String> columns = new ArrayList<>(indexNames);
-                // ignore raw dict
-                columns.remove(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_RAW_DICTIONARY_INDEX);
-                tableBuilder.add(columns);
-
-                for (Object eachDict : tabularData.keySet())
-                {
-                    final List<?> dictRow = (List<?>) eachDict;
-
-                    List<String> rowValues = new ArrayList<>();
-
-                    for (int i = 0; i < dictRow.size(); i++)
-                    {
-                        // ignore raw dict
-                        if (i == CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_RAW_DICTIONARY_INDEX)
-                            continue;
+            ListingHelper.list(probe,
+                               () ->
+                               {
+                                   try
+                                   {
+                                       return probe.listCompressionDictionaries(keyspace, table);
+                                   }
+                                   catch (Throwable t)
+                                   {
+                                       throw new RuntimeException(t);
+                                   }
+                               },
+                               List.of(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_TABLE_ID_INDEX,
+                                       CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_RAW_DICTIONARY_INDEX));
+        }
+    }
 
-                        rowValues.add(dictRow.get(i).toString());
-                    }
-                    tableBuilder.add(rowValues);
-                }
+    @Command(name = "cleanup", description = "Clean up orphaned dictionaries by deleting them from " + SystemDistributedKeyspace.NAME
+                                             + '.' + SystemDistributedKeyspace.COMPRESSION_DICTIONARIES +
+                                             " table, these are ones for which a table they were trained for was dropped.")
+    public static class CleanupDictionaries extends AbstractCommand
+    {
+        @Option(names = {"-d", "--dry"}, description = "Only display orphaned dictionaries, do not remove them.")
+        private boolean dry;
 
-                tableBuilder.printTo(probe.output().out);
+        @Override
+        protected void execute(NodeProbe probe)
+        {
+            if (dry)
+            {
+                ListingHelper.list(probe,
+                                   probe::getOrphanedCompressionDictionaries,
+                                   List.of(CompressionDictionaryDetailsTabularData.TABULAR_DATA_TYPE_RAW_DICTIONARY_INDEX));
             }
-            catch (Exception e)
+            else
             {
-                probe.output().err.printf("Failed to list dictionaries: %s%n", e.getMessage());
-                System.exit(1);
+                probe.clearOrphanedCompressionDictionaries();
             }
         }
     }
@@ -368,4 +374,66 @@ private void validateFile(File dictionaryFile, NodeProbe probe)
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private static class ListingHelper
+    {
+        /**
+         * Lists dictionaries, the concrete mean of querying them is delegated to a specific subcommand.
+         *
+         * @param probe probe to query Cassandra with
+         * @param tabularDataSupplier supplier of tabular data containing dictionaries to display
+         * @param removedColumnsIndices supplier of an array with indexes of columns in tabular data to be ignored
+         *                              when displaying them
+         */
+        public static void list(NodeProbe probe,
+                                Supplier<TabularData> tabularDataSupplier,
+                                List<Integer> removedColumnsIndices)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                TableBuilder tableBuilder = new TableBuilder();
+                TabularData tabularData = tabularDataSupplier.get();
+                List<String> indexNames = tabularData.getTabularType().getIndexNames();
+
+                // ignore columns not meant to be displayed to a user
+                List<String> columns = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < indexNames.size(); i++)
+                {
+                    if (!removedColumnsIndices.contains(i))
+                    {
+                        columns.add(indexNames.get(i));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                tableBuilder.add(columns);
+
+                boolean hasOuput = false;
+                for (Object eachDict : tabularData.keySet())
+                {
+                    final List<?> dictRow = (List<?>) eachDict;
+
+                    List<String> rowValues = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i < dictRow.size(); i++)
+                    {
+                        // ignore columns not meant to be displayed to a user
+                        if (removedColumnsIndices.contains(i))
+                            continue;
+
+                        rowValues.add(dictRow.get(i).toString());
+                        hasOuput = true;
+                    }
+                    tableBuilder.add(rowValues);
+                }
+
+                if (hasOuput)
+                    tableBuilder.printTo(probe.output().out);
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                probe.output().err.printf("Failed to list dictionaries: %s%n", e.getMessage());
+                System.exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }