feat: support null value messages (tombstones) for compacted topics

Add support for sending and detecting null value messages, which are
used as tombstones on compacted topics to delete entries for specific
keys. This wraps the C++ client's MessageBuilder::setNullValue() and
Message::hasNullValue() APIs added in pulsar-client-cpp#563.

Changes:
- Add pybind11 bindings for set_null_value and has_null_value
- Allow Producer.send(None) to produce a null value message
- Add Message.has_null_value() to detect tombstone messages
- Skip schema encoding when content is None (mirrors Java client)
- Add integration tests for null values, compaction, and table view

Requires pulsar-client-cpp >= 4.2.0 (not yet released).

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

Author: grishaf

dependencies.yaml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 # under the License.
 #
 
-pulsar-cpp: 4.1.0
+pulsar-cpp: 4.2.0
 pybind11: 3.0.1
 # The OpenSSL dependency is only used when building Python from source
 openssl: 1.1.1q

pulsar/__init__.py

@@ -366,6 +366,19 @@ def producer_name(self) -> str:
         """
         return self._message.producer_name()
 
+    def has_null_value(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the message has a null value (tombstone).
+
+        Messages with null values are used on compacted topics to delete
+        the entry for a specific key.
+
+        Returns
+        ----------
+        True if the message has a null value, False otherwise.
+        """
+        return self._message.has_null_value()
+
     def encryption_context(self) -> EncryptionContext | None:
         """
         Get the encryption context for this message or None if it's not encrypted.
@@ -1693,7 +1706,9 @@ def send(self, content,
         ----------
 
         content:
-            A ``bytes`` object with the message payload.
+            A ``bytes`` object with the message payload, or ``None`` to send a null value
+            message (tombstone). Null value messages are used on compacted topics to delete
+            the entry for a specific key.
         properties: optional
             A dict of application-defined string properties.
         partition_key: optional
@@ -1775,7 +1790,9 @@ def callback(res, msg_id):
         ----------
 
         content
-            A `bytes` object with the message payload.
+            A ``bytes`` object with the message payload, or ``None`` to send a null value
+            message (tombstone). Null value messages are used on compacted topics to delete
+            the entry for a specific key.
         callback
             A callback that is invoked once the message has been acknowledged by the broker.
         properties: optional
@@ -1823,9 +1840,12 @@ def close(self):
     def _build_msg(self, content, properties, partition_key, ordering_key, sequence_id,
                    replication_clusters, disable_replication, event_timestamp,
                    deliver_at, deliver_after):
-        data = self._schema.encode(content)
+        if content is not None:
+            data = self._schema.encode(content)
+            _check_type(bytes, data, 'data')
+        else:
+            data = None
 
-        _check_type(bytes, data, 'data')
         _check_type_or_none(dict, properties, 'properties')
         _check_type_or_none(str, partition_key, 'partition_key')
         _check_type_or_none(str, ordering_key, 'ordering_key')
@@ -1837,7 +1857,10 @@ def _build_msg(self, content, properties, partition_key, ordering_key, sequence_
         _check_type_or_none(timedelta, deliver_after, 'deliver_after')
 
         mb = _pulsar.MessageBuilder()
-        mb.content(data)
+        if data is not None:
+            mb.content(data)
+        else:
+            mb.set_null_value()
         if properties:
             for k, v in properties.items():
                 mb.property(k, v)

src/message.cc

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ void export_message(py::module_& m) {
         .def("event_timestamp", &MessageBuilder::setEventTimestamp, return_value_policy::reference)
         .def("replication_clusters", &MessageBuilder::setReplicationClusters, return_value_policy::reference)
         .def("disable_replication", &MessageBuilder::disableReplication, return_value_policy::reference)
+        .def("set_null_value", &MessageBuilder::setNullValue, return_value_policy::reference)
         .def("build", &MessageBuilder::build);
 
     class_<MessageId>(m, "MessageId")
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ void export_message(py::module_& m) {
         .def("int_schema_version", &Message::getLongSchemaVersion)
         .def("schema_version", &Message::getSchemaVersion, return_value_policy::copy)
         .def("producer_name", &Message::getProducerName, return_value_policy::copy)
+        .def("has_null_value", &Message::hasNullValue)
         .def("encryption_context", &Message::getEncryptionContext, return_value_policy::reference);
 
     MessageBatch& (MessageBatch::*MessageBatchParseFromString)(const std::string& payload,

tests/pulsar_test.py

@@ -2136,6 +2136,142 @@ def router(msg: pulsar.Message, num_partitions: int):
 
         client.close()
 
+    def test_null_value_message(self):
+        client = Client(self.serviceUrl)
+        topic = "null-value-%s" % uuid.uuid4()
+        producer = client.create_producer(topic, batching_enabled=False)
+        consumer = client.subscribe(topic, "sub", initial_position=InitialPosition.Earliest)
+
+        producer.send(b"not null", partition_key="k1")
+        producer.send(None, partition_key="k2")
+        producer.send(b"also not null", partition_key="k3")
+
+        msg1 = consumer.receive(TM)
+        self.assertEqual(msg1.data(), b"not null")
+        self.assertFalse(msg1.has_null_value())
+
+        msg2 = consumer.receive(TM)
+        self.assertTrue(msg2.has_null_value())
+        self.assertEqual(msg2.data(), b"")
+
+        msg3 = consumer.receive(TM)
+        self.assertEqual(msg3.data(), b"also not null")
+        self.assertFalse(msg3.has_null_value())
+
+        consumer.close()
+        producer.close()
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_null_value_vs_empty_bytes(self):
+        client = Client(self.serviceUrl)
+        topic = "null-vs-empty-%s" % uuid.uuid4()
+        producer = client.create_producer(topic, batching_enabled=False)
+        consumer = client.subscribe(topic, "sub", initial_position=InitialPosition.Earliest)
+
+        producer.send(b"", partition_key="k1")
+        producer.send(None, partition_key="k2")
+
+        msg1 = consumer.receive(TM)
+        self.assertFalse(msg1.has_null_value())
+        self.assertEqual(msg1.data(), b"")
+
+        msg2 = consumer.receive(TM)
+        self.assertTrue(msg2.has_null_value())
+
+        consumer.close()
+        producer.close()
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_null_value_compaction(self):
+        client = Client(self.serviceUrl)
+        topic = "null-compact-%s" % uuid.uuid4()
+        producer = client.create_producer(topic, batching_enabled=False)
+
+        consumer = client.subscribe(topic, "my-sub1", is_read_compacted=True)
+        consumer.close()
+
+        # key1: value then tombstone -> removed after compaction
+        producer.send(b"hello-1", partition_key="key1")
+        producer.send(None, partition_key="key1")
+
+        # key2: value only -> survives
+        producer.send(b"hello-2", partition_key="key2")
+
+        # key3: value then tombstone -> removed
+        producer.send(b"hello-3", partition_key="key3")
+        producer.send(None, partition_key="key3")
+
+        # key4: value only -> survives
+        producer.send(b"hello-4", partition_key="key4")
+        producer.close()
+
+        url = "%s/admin/v2/persistent/public/default/%s/compaction" % (self.adminUrl, topic)
+        doHttpPut(url, "")
+        while True:
+            s = doHttpGet(url).decode("utf-8")
+            if "RUNNING" in s:
+                time.sleep(0.2)
+            else:
+                self.assertTrue("SUCCESS" in s)
+                break
+
+        consumer = client.subscribe(topic, "my-sub1", is_read_compacted=True)
+        messages = []
+        while True:
+            try:
+                msg = consumer.receive(2000)
+                messages.append(msg)
+            except pulsar.Timeout:
+                break
+
+        keys = [m.partition_key() for m in messages]
+        self.assertIn("key2", keys)
+        self.assertIn("key4", keys)
+        self.assertNotIn("key1", keys)
+        self.assertNotIn("key3", keys)
+        self.assertEqual(len(messages), 2)
+
+        consumer.close()
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_null_value_table_view(self):
+        client = Client(self.serviceUrl)
+        topic = "null-tv-%s" % uuid.uuid4()
+        producer = client.create_producer(topic, batching_enabled=False)
+
+        producer.send(b"hello", partition_key="key1")
+
+        tv = client.create_table_view(topic)
+        self.assertEqual(tv.get("key1"), b"hello")
+
+        producer.send(None, partition_key="key1")
+        for _ in range(50):
+            if tv.get("key1") is None:
+                break
+            time.sleep(0.1)
+        self.assertIsNone(tv.get("key1"))
+
+        tv.close()
+        producer.close()
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_null_value_with_properties(self):
+        client = Client(self.serviceUrl)
+        topic = "null-props-%s" % uuid.uuid4()
+        producer = client.create_producer(topic, batching_enabled=False)
+        consumer = client.subscribe(topic, "sub", initial_position=InitialPosition.Earliest)
+
+        producer.send(None, partition_key="k1", properties={"action": "delete"})
+
+        msg = consumer.receive(TM)
+        self.assertTrue(msg.has_null_value())
+        self.assertEqual(msg.properties(), {"action": "delete"})
+        self.assertEqual(msg.partition_key(), "k1")
+
+        consumer.close()
+        producer.close()
+        client.close()
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()