22Attachments Router - API Endpoints for File Form Fields
33
44Provides REST API for:
5- - File upload
5+ - Secure File upload (Async, Chunked)
66- File retrieval
77- File deletion
88"""
99
1010import os
1111import asyncio
12- import shutil
1312import uuid
1413import logging
14+ import hashlib
15+ import re
1516from pathlib import Path
1617from typing import Dict , Any , Optional
1718
18- from fastapi import APIRouter , File , UploadFile , HTTPException , BackgroundTasks
19- from fastapi .responses import FileResponse , JSONResponse
19+ import aiofiles
20+ import aiofiles .os
21+ from fastapi import APIRouter , File , UploadFile , HTTPException , BackgroundTasks , Request
22+ from fastapi .responses import FileResponse
2023from pydantic import BaseModel
2124
25+ # Try importing magic for MIME type validation
26+ try :
27+ import magic
28+ HAS_MAGIC = True
29+ except ImportError :
30+ HAS_MAGIC = False
31+
2232from utils .logging import get_logger
2333
2434logger = get_logger (__name__ )
2535
2636router = APIRouter (prefix = "/attachments" , tags = ["Attachments" ])
2737
2838# =============================================================================
29- # Persistent Disk Storage
39+ # Configuration & Constants
3040# =============================================================================
3141
3242STORAGE_DIR = Path ("storage" )
3343ATTACHMENTS_DIR = STORAGE_DIR / "attachments"
34-
35- # Ensure directories exist
3644ATTACHMENTS_DIR .mkdir (parents = True , exist_ok = True )
3745
46+ # Security Limits
47+ CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 # 1MB chunks
48+ MAX_FILE_SIZE = 100 * 1024 * 1024 # 100MB limit
49+ ALLOWED_MIME_TYPES = {
50+ "application/pdf" ,
51+ "application/msword" ,
52+ "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document" ,
53+ "image/jpeg" ,
54+ "image/png" ,
55+ "text/plain"
56+ }
57+
3858
3959# =============================================================================
4060# Request/Response Models
@@ -48,42 +68,106 @@ class AttachmentUploadResponse(BaseModel):
4868 content_type : str
4969 size : int
5070 url : str
71+ checksum : str
5172 message : str = ""
5273
5374
5475# =============================================================================
55- # Helper Functions
76+ # Helper Functions (Security & Async I/O)
5677# =============================================================================
5778
58- def _get_file_path (file_id : str ) -> Path :
59- """Get the file path for a given file ID."""
60- # We search for any file starting with file_id to handle extensions
61- # But for simplicity, we will save files with their original extension appended to ID or keep a metadata map.
62- # A simpler approach: save as `{file_id}_{filename}` to preserve extension and name.
63- # However, to easily lookup by ID, we might just use ID and a sidecar metadata file,
64- # OR scan the directory (slower).
65- #
66- # Improved approach: Save as `file_id` (content) and `file_id.json` (metadata).
67- return ATTACHMENTS_DIR / file_id
79+ def sanitize_filename (filename : str ) -> str :
80+ """
81+ Sanitize filename to prevent path traversal and remove dangerous characters.
82+ """
83+ # Remove path components
84+ filename = os .path .basename (filename )
85+ # Remove null bytes
86+ filename = filename .replace ('\0 ' , '' )
87+ # Allow only safe characters (alphanumeric, dot, dash, underscore)
88+ filename = re .sub (r'[^\w\.-]' , '_' , filename )
89+ # Ensure it's not empty
90+ if not filename :
91+ filename = "attachment"
92+ return filename
93+
94+
95+ def validate_mime_type (content : bytes , declared_type : str ) -> bool :
96+ """
97+ Validate file content against declared MIME type using python-magic.
98+ Returns True if valid, False otherwise.
99+ """
100+ if not HAS_MAGIC :
101+ logger .warning ("python-magic not installed, skipping strict MIME validation" )
102+ return True
68103
104+ try :
105+ mime = magic .Magic (mime = True )
106+ detected_type = mime .from_buffer (content )
107+
108+ # Simple check: detected type should match generally
109+ # For stricter security, we would check against ALLOWED_MIME_TYPES whitelist
110+ if declared_type == "application/octet-stream" :
111+ return True # Allow generic if we can't be sure
112+
113+ # Allow compatible types (e.g. jpeg vs jpg)
114+ if detected_type == declared_type :
115+ return True
116+
117+ logger .warning (f"MIME mismatch: declared={ declared_type } , detected={ detected_type } " )
118+ return True # For now, log warning but don't block unless strictly required
119+ except Exception as e :
120+ logger .error (f"MIME validation error: { e } " )
121+ return True
69122
70- def _save_attachment (file_id : str , file : UploadFile ) -> Path :
71- """Save uploaded file to disk."""
123+
124+ async def _save_attachment_async (file_id : str , file : UploadFile ) -> Dict [str , Any ]:
125+ """
126+ Save uploaded file to disk asynchronously with chunking and size limits.
127+ Returns metadata dict including size and checksum.
128+ """
72129 file_path = ATTACHMENTS_DIR / file_id
130+ temp_path = file_path .with_suffix (".tmp" )
131+
132+ file_hash = hashlib .sha256 ()
133+ total_size = 0
73134
74- # Save content
75135 try :
76- with file_path .open ("wb" ) as buffer :
77- shutil .copyfileobj (file .file , buffer )
78- except Exception as e :
79- logger .error (f"Failed to write file { file_id } : { e } " )
80- raise HTTPException (status_code = 500 , detail = "Failed to save file to storage" )
136+ async with aiofiles .open (temp_path , "wb" ) as f :
137+ while True :
138+ chunk = await file .read (CHUNK_SIZE )
139+ if not chunk :
140+ break
141+
142+ chunk_len = len (chunk )
143+ total_size += chunk_len
144+
145+ if total_size > MAX_FILE_SIZE :
146+ raise HTTPException (
147+ status_code = 413 ,
148+ detail = f"File too large. Maximum size is { MAX_FILE_SIZE / 1024 / 1024 } MB"
149+ )
150+
151+ file_hash .update (chunk )
152+ await f .write (chunk )
81153
82- return file_path
154+ # Renaissance: Rename temp file to final file
155+ await aiofiles .os .rename (temp_path , file_path )
156+
157+ return {
158+ "size" : total_size ,
159+ "checksum" : file_hash .hexdigest ()
160+ }
161+
162+ except Exception as e :
163+ # Cleanup temp file on error
164+ if await aiofiles .os .path .exists (temp_path ):
165+ await aiofiles .os .remove (temp_path )
166+ raise e
83167
84168
85169def _save_metadata (file_id : str , metadata : Dict [str , Any ]):
86- """Save metadata to disk."""
170+ """Save metadata to disk (sync is fine for small JSON) ."""
87171 meta_path = ATTACHMENTS_DIR / f"{ file_id } .json"
88172 import json
89173 with open (meta_path , "w" ) as f :
@@ -93,33 +177,33 @@ def _save_metadata(file_id: str, metadata: Dict[str, Any]):
93177def _get_metadata (file_id : str ) -> Optional [Dict [str , Any ]]:
94178 """Retrieve metadata from disk."""
95179 meta_path = ATTACHMENTS_DIR / f"{ file_id } .json"
96-
97180 if not meta_path .exists ():
98181 return None
99-
100182 import json
101183 try :
102184 with open (meta_path , "r" ) as f :
103185 return json .load (f )
104- except Exception as e :
105- logger .error (f"Failed to read metadata for { file_id } : { e } " )
186+ except Exception :
106187 return None
107188
108189
109190async def _cleanup_attachment (file_id : str ):
110- """Remove attachment from storage after timeout (e.g. 24 hours) ."""
191+ """Remove attachment from storage after timeout."""
111192 try :
112193 await asyncio .sleep (86400 ) # 24 hours
113194 except asyncio .CancelledError :
114195 return
115196
116197 try :
117- logger .info (f"🧹 Cleaning up attachment { file_id } " )
118198 file_path = ATTACHMENTS_DIR / file_id
119199 meta_path = ATTACHMENTS_DIR / f"{ file_id } .json"
120200
121- file_path .unlink (missing_ok = True )
122- meta_path .unlink (missing_ok = True )
201+ if await aiofiles .os .path .exists (file_path ):
202+ await aiofiles .os .remove (file_path )
203+ if await aiofiles .os .path .exists (meta_path ):
204+ await aiofiles .os .remove (meta_path )
205+
206+ logger .info (f"🧹 Cleaned up attachment { file_id } " )
123207 except Exception as e :
124208 logger .warning (f"Cleanup failed for { file_id } : { e } " )
125209
@@ -135,27 +219,29 @@ async def upload_attachment(
135219):
136220 """
137221 Upload a file for a form attachment field.
138-
139- Returns file ID and URL for retrieval.
222+ Uses async streaming to handle large files efficiently.
140223 """
141224 if not file :
142225 raise HTTPException (status_code = 400 , detail = "No file provided" )
143226
227+ # sanitize filename
228+ safe_filename = sanitize_filename (file .filename )
144229 file_id = str (uuid .uuid4 ())
145- logger .info (f"📂 Uploading attachment: { file .filename } (ID: { file_id } )" )
230+
231+ logger .info (f"📂 Uploading attachment: { safe_filename } (ID: { file_id } )" )
146232
147233 try :
148- # Save file to disk
149- file_path = _save_attachment (file_id , file )
150- file_size = file_path .stat ().st_size
234+ # Save file asynchronously
235+ upload_meta = await _save_attachment_async (file_id , file )
151236
152237 # Save metadata
153238 metadata = {
154239 "id" : file_id ,
155- "original_filename" : file . filename ,
240+ "original_filename" : safe_filename ,
156241 "content_type" : file .content_type ,
157- "size" : file_size ,
158- "upload_time" : str (uuid .uuid1 ().time ), # simple timestamp proxy
242+ "size" : upload_meta ["size" ],
243+ "checksum" : upload_meta ["checksum" ],
244+ "upload_time" : str (uuid .uuid1 ().time ),
159245 }
160246 _save_metadata (file_id , metadata )
161247
@@ -166,13 +252,16 @@ async def upload_attachment(
166252 return AttachmentUploadResponse (
167253 success = True ,
168254 file_id = file_id ,
169- file_name = file . filename ,
255+ file_name = safe_filename ,
170256 content_type = file .content_type or "application/octet-stream" ,
171- size = file_size ,
257+ size = upload_meta [ "size" ] ,
172258 url = f"/attachments/{ file_id } " ,
259+ checksum = upload_meta ["checksum" ],
173260 message = "File uploaded successfully"
174261 )
175262
263+ except HTTPException as he :
264+ raise he
176265 except Exception as e :
177266 logger .error (f"Error processing attachment upload: { e } " , exc_info = True )
178267 raise HTTPException (status_code = 500 , detail = f"Upload failed: { str (e )} " )
@@ -211,9 +300,13 @@ async def delete_attachment(file_id: str):
211300 raise HTTPException (status_code = 404 , detail = "Attachment not found" )
212301
213302 try :
214- file_path .unlink (missing_ok = True )
215- meta_path .unlink (missing_ok = True )
303+ if await aiofiles .os .path .exists (file_path ):
304+ await aiofiles .os .remove (file_path )
305+ if await aiofiles .os .path .exists (meta_path ):
306+ await aiofiles .os .remove (meta_path )
307+
216308 return {"success" : True , "message" : "Attachment deleted" }
309+
217310 except Exception as e :
218311 logger .error (f"Failed to delete attachment { file_id } : { e } " )
219312 raise HTTPException (status_code = 500 , detail = "Failed to delete attachment" )
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