-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathsession4a.html
More file actions
548 lines (534 loc) · 15.7 KB
/
session4a.html
File metadata and controls
548 lines (534 loc) · 15.7 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" />
<title>The Gothenburg model and CollateX</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reset.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/solarized.css" />
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/monokai.css" />
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<style>
.mono {
font-family: monospace;
font-weight: bold}
.bigImg {
max-width: 60%;
}
.container {
display: flex;
text-align: left}
.container p {
margin-left: 4%}
.wit {
font-weight: bold;
background-color: gold}
table.alignment {
border-collapse: separate;
border-spacing: 0.25em;
}
table.alignment tr {
border: 0;
}
table.alignment th,
table.alignment td {
border: 1px solid #d3d3d3;
padding: 0.5em;
}
table.alignment th {
border-width: 2px;
padding: 0 1em
}
table.alignment td.gap {
border: 0;
text-align: center
}
table.alignment td.invariant {
border-color: #80BB00
}
table.alignment td.variant {
border-color: #000000
}
table.alignment td {
white-space: nowrap;
}
#special-row td,
#still-special-row td,
#special-row th,
#still-special-row th {
border-bottom: 2px solid}</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h1>The Gothenburg model and CollateX</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Outline</h2>
<ul>
<li>The Gothenburg model <ul>
<li>History</li>
<li>Goals</li>
<li>Components </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>CollateX <ul>
<li>What it is CollateX?</li>
<li>Collation pipeline in CollateX</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section><section>
<h2>The Gothenburg model: history</h2>
<ul>
<li>Developers of CollateX and Juxta</li>
<li>Joint workshop: Gothenburg 2009</li>
<li>Sponsored by <a href="http://www.cost-a32.eu/index.html"
target="_blank">COST Action 32</a> and <a
href="http://www.interedition.eu/" target="_blank"
>Interedition</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Goals</h2>
<p>Identification of the core components of textual comparison at an
abstract level</p>
<ul>
<li>common understanding</li>
<li>facilitation of collaboration</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Components</h2>
<ol>
<li>Tokenization</li>
<li>Normalization/regularization</li>
<li>Alignmemt</li>
<li>Analysis</li>
<li>Visualization/output</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<p>Prerequisite: an electronic text version of each witness</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>1. Tokenization</h2>
<ul>
<li>Division of the continuous text into units to be aligned
(tokens)</li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment">
<p class="mono">Would you care for a sherbet lemon? </p></div><div
class="fragment">
<p class="mono">--> Would | you | care | for | a | sherbet | lemon |
?</p></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>1. Tokenization</h2>
<ul>
<li>Division of the continuous text into units to be aligned (tokens)</li>
<li>Any level of granularity <ul>
<li>Typically: whitespace-delimited words</li>
<li>Other options: syllables, lines, phrases, verses,
paragraphs, text nodes...</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section><h2>Tokenization: challenges</h2>
<ul>
<li>Ambiguity</li>
<li>Punctuation</li>
<li>Language specific issues: contractions, superscription, etc.</li>
<li>Markup</li>
</ul></section>
<section>
<h2>Tokenization challenges: some examples</h2>
<ul>
<li>He remarked, “John said, ‘Bout starts at nine.’”</li>
<li>He remarked, “John said, ‘It’s ’bout time.’”</li>
<li>Tu es un %#@$!</li>
<li>Oh d--n it!</li>
<li>MASS.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>2. Normalization/regularization</h2>
<ul>
<li>Normalization during transcription <em>vs</em>. collation</li>
<li>Ignore non-substantive variation for comparison <ul>
<li>Punctuation</li>
<li>Upper/lower case</li>
<li>Orthographic variation <ul>
<li>Allographs (letterforms)</li>
<li>Abbreviations</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
<!--<li>Selection of the elements to go into the output</li>-->
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/normalization.png" alt="normalization"/>
</section>
<section>
<h2>3. Alignment</h2>
<ul>
<li>Find the tokens that match</li>
<li>Introduce gap tokens when necessary (“omissions”)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/alignment.png" alt="alignment"/>
<p>Alignment of tree witnesses</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Alignment: challenges</h2>
<ul>
<li>Computational complexity</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Alignment: challenges</h2>
<ul>
<li>Repetition</li>
<li>Transposition</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/alignment1.png" style="width:50%" alt="aligment"/>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/alignment2.png" alt="alignment" />
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/alignment3.png" alt="alignment"/>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Alignment: challenges</h2>
<ul>
<li>Order effects</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>4. Analysis/feedback</h2>
<ul>
<li>Intepretation beyond linear alignment</li>
<li>Manual intervention?</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<div class="container"
style="justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;text-align:center"
><img src="img/alignment.png" alt="alignment"/>
<p style="margin:0;font-size:5em">→</p>
<img src="img/analyzer.png" alt="analizer" /></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>5. Visualization/output</h2>
<ul>
<li>Markup for further processing <ul>
<li>XML, TEI, JSON, GraphViz DOT, LaTeX, etc.</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Textual visualization, for examination and analysis <ul>
<li>Textual alignment table <ul>
<li>Plain text, HTML, PDF</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Toolkits with additional functionalities: Juxta †</li>
</ul></li>
<li> Graphic visualization, for examination and analysis <ul>
<li>Variant graph</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Example</h2>
<ul>
<li><em>W1</em>: Introduction à la collation automatique</li>
<li><em>W2</em>: Cours sur la collation automatique</li>
<li><em>W3</em>: En savoir plus sur la collation automatique</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Alignment table</h2>
<div><table class="alignment">
<tr>
<th>W1</th>
<td class="variant">Introduction à</td>
<td class="invariant gap"></td>
<td class="invariant">la collation automatique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>W2</th>
<td class="variant">Cours</td>
<td class="invariant">sur</td>
<td class="invariant">la collation automatique</td>
</tr>
<tr id="special-row">
<th>W3</th>
<td class="variant">En savoir plus</td>
<td class="invariant">sur</td>
<td class="invariant">la collation automatique</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Variant graph</h2>
<img src="img/graph-viz.svg" alt="variant graph"/>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Collation and/or visualization tools</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.traviz.vizcovery.org/" target="_blank">TRAViz</a></li>
<li><a href="https://catview.uzi.uni-halle.de/" target="_blank">CATview</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section><h2>CollateX</h2>
<ol>
<li>What it is CollateX?</li>
<li>Collation pipeline in CollateX</li>
</ol></section>
<section>
<h2>Flavors</h2>
<ul>
<li>Java</li>
<li>Web app</li>
<li>Python</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Advantages of CollateX</h2>
<ul>
<li>Data formats <ul>
<li><strong>Input</strong>: Anything and everything (JSON)</li>
<li><strong>Output</strong>: Anything and everything (JSON)</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Control over each step of the pipeline</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Collation pipeline in CollateX</h2>
<ul>
<li>Default behaviours</li>
<li>Parameters</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Tokenization in CollateX</h2>
<ul>
<li>It divides the text into tokens using whitespaces as delimiter</li>
<li>Punctuation is tokenized separately from alphanumeric
characters</li>
</ul>
<div class="fragment"> Example: <em>Peter's cat.</em>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Peter</td>
<td>'</td>
<td>s </td>
<td>cat</td>
<td>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Normalization in CollateX</h2>
<p>By default, it removes trailing white space at the end of tokens.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Pretokenized and normalized input</h2>
<p>JSON file as input: Each token may present a normalized version
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CollateX alignment parameters</h2>
<ul>
<li>Different alignment algorithms <ul>
<li>Dekker <a href="#dekker">(Dekker & Middle 2011)</a></li>
<li>Needleman-Wunsch <a href="#needleman">(Needleman &
Wunsch 1970)</a></li>
<li>MEDITE <a href="#bourdaillet">(Bourdaillet & Ganascia
2007)</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Progressive alignment</h2>
<ol>
<li>start by comparing two versions,</li>
<li>transform the result into a variant graph, then</li>
<li>compare another version against that graph, and</li>
<li>merge the result of that comparison into the graph;</li>
<li>repeate the procedure until all versions have been merged.</li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Analysis in CollateX</h2>
<p>Exact <em>vs.</em> near (fuzzy) matching</p>
<ul>
<li><em>A</em>: And Ron pulled out a fat grey rat</li>
<li><em>B</em>: And Ronald pulled out a gray rat</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Exact matching</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="wit">A</td>
<td>And</td>
<td>Ron</td>
<td>pulled</td>
<td>out</td>
<td>a</td>
<td>fat</td>
<td>grey</td>
<td>rat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="wit">B</td>
<td>And</td>
<td>Ronald</td>
<td>pulled</td>
<td>out</td>
<td>a</td>
<td>gray</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>rat</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Near matching</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="wit">A</td>
<td>And</td>
<td>Ron</td>
<td>pulled</td>
<td>out</td>
<td>a</td>
<td>fat</td>
<td>grey</td>
<td>rat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="wit">B</td>
<td>And</td>
<td>Ronald</td>
<td>pulled</td>
<td>out</td>
<td>a</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>gray</td>
<td>rat</td>
</tr>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2>CollateX outputs</h2>
<ul>
<li>Alignment table: ASCII, CSV, TSV, HTML,XML, XML-TEI, JSON</li>
<li>Variant graph: SVG</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Alignment table</h2>
<div><table class="alignment">
<tr>
<th>W1</th>
<td class="variant">Introduction à</td>
<td class="invariant gap"></td>
<td class="invariant">la collation automatique</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>W2</th>
<td class="variant">Cours</td>
<td class="invariant">sur</td>
<td class="invariant">la collation automatique</td>
</tr>
<tr id="still-special-row">
<th>W3</th>
<td class="variant">En savoir plus</td>
<td class="invariant">sur</td>
<td class="invariant">la collation automatique</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Variant graph</h2>
<img src="img/graph-viz.svg" alt="variant graph"/>
</section>
<section>
<h2>TEI</h2>
<pre><code>
<cx:apparatus xmlns:cx="http://interedition.eu/collatex/ns/1.0"
xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<app>
<rdg wit="W1">Introduction à</rdg>
<rdg wit="W2">Cours</rdg>
<rdg wit="W3">En savoir plus</rdg></app>
<app><rdg wit="W1"/><rdg wit="W2 W3">sur</rdg></app>
la collation automatique</cx:apparatus>
</code></pre>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section><h1>Bibliography</h1></section>
<section>
<ul>
<li id="bourdaillet">Bourdaillet J. & Ganascia J.-G. (2007):
“Practical block sequence alignment with moves.” <em>LATA 2007 -
International Conference on Language and Automata Theory and
Applications</em>, 3/2007.</li>
<li id="dekker">Dekker, R. H. & Middell, G. (2011):
“Computer-Supported Collation with CollateX: Managing Textual
Variance in an Environment with Varying Requirements.”
<em>Supporting Digital Humanities 2011</em>. University of
Copenhagen, Denmark. 17-18 November 2011.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section><ul>
<li>Interedition Development Group (2010-): <em>CollateX - Sofware for
Collating Textual Sources</em>. <a href="https://collatex.net/"
target="_blank">https://collatex.net/</a></li>
<li>Hoover, David L. (2015): “The Trials of Tokenization.”
<em>DH2015</em>, University of Western Sydney, Australia, June
29–July 3, 2015.</li>
<li id="needleman">Needleman, Saul B. & Wunsch, Christian D. (1970):
A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the
amino acid sequence of two proteins. <em>Journal of Molecular
Biology 48</em> (3), 443–53. </li>
</ul></section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<script src="js/reveal.js"></script>
<script>
Reveal.initialize({
dependencies: [
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/marked.js' },
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/markdown.js' },
{ src: 'plugin/notes/notes.js', async: true },
{ src: 'plugin/highlight/highlight.js', async: true }
]
});
</script>
</body>
</html>