diff --git a/test-server/java-tests/src/it/java/software/amazon/encryption/s3/RsaV1LegacyDecryptTests.java b/test-server/java-tests/src/it/java/software/amazon/encryption/s3/RsaV1LegacyDecryptTests.java
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/test-server/java-tests/src/it/java/software/amazon/encryption/s3/RsaV1LegacyDecryptTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package software.amazon.encryption.s3;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+import static software.amazon.encryption.s3.TestUtils.*;
+
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3Encryption;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.AmazonS3EncryptionClient;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.CryptoConfiguration;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.CryptoMode;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.CryptoStorageMode;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.EncryptionMaterials;
+import com.amazonaws.services.s3.model.StaticEncryptionMaterialsProvider;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.TestUtils.LanguageServerTarget;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.client.S3ECTestServerClient;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.CommitmentPolicy;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.CreateClientInput;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.EncryptionAlgorithm;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.GetObjectInput;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.GetObjectOutput;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.KeyMaterial;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.S3ECConfig;
+import software.amazon.encryption.s3.model.S3EncryptionClientError;
+
+/**
+ * Verifies that V1 RSA-encrypted objects can be
+ * successfully decrypted by all RSA-capable runtimes with legacy wrapping enabled.
+ *
+ * Encrypt: Java V1 client (RSA PKCS#1v1.5 wrap + AES-CBC content encryption)
+ * Decrypt: Each RSA-capable runtime × commitment policy matrix
+ */
+public class RsaV1LegacyDecryptTests {
+
+    private static KeyPair rsaKeyPair;
+    private static String v1ObjectKey;
+    private static final String INPUT = "test-data-for-rsa-v1-legacy-decrypt";
+
+    @BeforeAll
+    static void setup() throws Exception {
+        validateServersRunning();
+
+        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
+        keyPairGen.initialize(2048);
+        rsaKeyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();
+
+        // Encrypt with Java V1 client: RSA PKCS#1v1.5 key wrap + AES-CBC content
+        v1ObjectKey = appendTestSuffix("rsa-v1-legacy-decrypt");
+        AmazonS3Encryption v1Client = AmazonS3EncryptionClient.encryptionBuilder()
+                .withCryptoConfiguration(new CryptoConfiguration(CryptoMode.EncryptionOnly)
+                        .withStorageMode(CryptoStorageMode.ObjectMetadata))
+                .withEncryptionMaterials(new StaticEncryptionMaterialsProvider(
+                        new EncryptionMaterials(rsaKeyPair)))
+                .build();
+
+        v1Client.putObject(BUCKET, v1ObjectKey, INPUT);
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> rsaRuntimeAndPolicyMatrix() {
+        List<Object[]> allConfigs = List.of(
+                new Object[]{"forbid-encrypt-allow-decrypt-policy",
+                        CommitmentPolicy.FORBID_ENCRYPT_ALLOW_DECRYPT,
+                        EncryptionAlgorithm.ALG_AES_256_GCM_IV12_TAG16_NO_KDF},
+                new Object[]{"require-encrypt-allow-decrypt-policy",
+                        CommitmentPolicy.REQUIRE_ENCRYPT_ALLOW_DECRYPT,
+                        EncryptionAlgorithm.ALG_AES_256_GCM_HKDF_SHA512_COMMIT_KEY}
+        );
+
+        List<Object[]> transitionConfigs = allConfigs.subList(0, 1);
+
+        // For each RSA-capable runtime, pair it with the applicable config set.
+        // Transition versions only support FORBID_ENCRYPT_ALLOW_DECRYPT (no key commitment),
+        // so they get a single config. Improved versions get all three policies.
+        return clientsRawRsaForTest().flatMap(langArg -> {
+            LanguageServerTarget lang = (LanguageServerTarget) langArg.get()[0];
+            var configs = TRANSITION_VERSIONS.contains(lang.getLanguageName())
+                    ? transitionConfigs : allConfigs;
+            return configs.stream().map(cfg -> Arguments.of(lang, cfg[0], cfg[1], cfg[2]));
+        });
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Encrypt: Java-V1-RSA, Decrypt: {0} / {1}")
+    @MethodSource("rsaRuntimeAndPolicyMatrix")
+    void canDecryptV1RsaObjectWithLegacyEnabled(LanguageServerTarget language, String configName,
+                                                 CommitmentPolicy policy, EncryptionAlgorithm algo) {
+        S3ECTestServerClient client = testServerClientFor(language);
+
+        KeyMaterial rsaKeyMaterial = KeyMaterial.builder()
+                .rsaKey(ByteBuffer.wrap(rsaKeyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded()))
+                .build();
+
+        String clientId = client.createClient(CreateClientInput.builder()
+                .config(S3ECConfig.builder()
+                        .keyMaterial(rsaKeyMaterial)
+                        .commitmentPolicy(policy)
+                        .encryptionAlgorithm(algo)
+                        .enableLegacyUnauthenticatedModes(true)
+                        .enableLegacyWrappingAlgorithms(true)
+                        .build())
+                .build()).getClientId();
+
+        GetObjectOutput output = client.getObject(GetObjectInput.builder()
+                .clientID(clientId)
+                .bucket(BUCKET)
+                .key(v1ObjectKey)
+                .build());
+
+        assertEquals(INPUT, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.decode(output.getBody()).toString());
+    }
+}