diff --git a/src/htmx.js b/src/htmx.js
index 5b6819642..26b62a75a 100644
--- a/src/htmx.js
+++ b/src/htmx.js
@@ -1622,6 +1622,7 @@ var htmx = (() => {
         // hx-on:<event> binds to <event> directly
         // hx-on::<event> is shorthand for hx-on:htmx:<event> (htmx events)
         __handleHxOnAttributes(node) {
+            if (node._htmx?.onInitialized) return;
             let hxOnNames = this.__prefixes("hx-on");
             let mc = this.config.metaCharacter || ':';
             let handler = (code) => async (evt) => {
@@ -1635,6 +1636,7 @@ var htmx = (() => {
             for (let attr of node.getAttributeNames()) {
                 let prefix = hxOnNames.find(p => attr.startsWith(p));
                 if (!prefix) continue;
+                this.__htmxProp(node).onInitialized = true;
                 let rest = attr.substring(prefix.length);
                 let value = node.getAttribute(attr);
                 // hx-on="click once -> doA(); blur -> doB()"
diff --git a/test/tests/attributes/hx-on.js b/test/tests/attributes/hx-on.js
index b2674d139..d81e55306 100644
--- a/test/tests/attributes/hx-on.js
+++ b/test/tests/attributes/hx-on.js
@@ -618,4 +618,26 @@ describe('hx-on="eventSpec -> code" syntax', function() {
         window.foo.should.equal(true);
         delete window.foo;
     });
+
+    it('calling process() multiple times does not duplicate hx-on listeners', function() {
+        window.fooCount = 0;
+        let btn = createProcessedHTML('<button hx-on:click="window.fooCount++">x</button>');
+        htmx.process(btn);
+        htmx.process(btn);
+        htmx.process(btn);
+        btn.click();
+        window.fooCount.should.equal(1);
+        delete window.fooCount;
+    });
+
+    it('calling process() multiple times does not duplicate hx-on= listeners', function() {
+        window.fooCount = 0;
+        let btn = createProcessedHTML('<button hx-on="click -> window.fooCount++">x</button>');
+        htmx.process(btn);
+        htmx.process(btn);
+        htmx.process(btn);
+        btn.click();
+        window.fooCount.should.equal(1);
+        delete window.fooCount;
+    });
 })