diff --git a/apps/admin/config/routes.ts b/apps/admin/config/routes.ts
index 7dabaef..9533a4b 100644
--- a/apps/admin/config/routes.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/config/routes.ts
@@ -29,24 +29,18 @@ export default [
       },
     ],
   },
-  // Overview section
+  // Dashboard
   {
     path: '/overview',
-    name: 'overview',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/overview/dashboard',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/overview/dashboard',
+    name: 'dashboard',
+    icon: 'DashboardOutlined',
+    component: './Welcome',
     access: 'canAdmin',
-    routes: [
-      {
-        path: '/overview',
-        redirect: '/overview/dashboard',
-      },
-      {
-        path: '/overview/dashboard',
-        name: 'dashboard',
-        icon: 'DashboardOutlined',
-        component: './Welcome',
-        access: 'canAdmin',
-      },
-    ],
   },
   // Content section
   {
@@ -124,10 +118,31 @@ export default [
         access: 'canAdmin',
       },
       {
-        path: '/examination/candidates',
-        name: 'candidates',
-        icon: 'TeamOutlined',
-        component: './Examination/Candidates',
+        path: '/examination/exams/:id',
+        name: 'examDetail',
+        hideInMenu: true,
+        component: './Examination/ExamDetail',
+        access: 'canAdmin',
+      },
+      {
+        path: '/examination/submissions',
+        name: 'submissions',
+        icon: 'TrophyOutlined',
+        component: './Assessment/Results/Submissions',
+        access: 'canAdmin',
+      },
+      {
+        path: '/examination/judge-tasks',
+        name: 'judgeTasks',
+        icon: 'ThunderboltOutlined',
+        component: './Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks',
+        access: 'canAdmin',
+      },
+      {
+        path: '/examination/events',
+        name: 'events',
+        icon: 'SafetyOutlined',
+        component: './Monitoring/Proctoring/Events',
         access: 'canAdmin',
       },
     ],
@@ -137,7 +152,13 @@ export default [
     path: '/examination/exams/create',
     name: 'examCreate',
     hideInMenu: true,
-    component: './ComingSoon',
+    redirect: '/examination/exams',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/examination/exams/:id/edit',
+    name: 'examEdit',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    component: './Examination/ExamForm',
     access: 'canAdmin',
   },
   {
@@ -147,58 +168,42 @@ export default [
     component: './Examination/ExamPublish',
     access: 'canAdmin',
   },
-  // Monitoring section
+  // Legacy monitoring redirects
   {
     path: '/monitoring',
-    name: 'monitoring',
-    access: 'canAdmin',
-    routes: [
-      {
-        path: '/monitoring',
-        redirect: '/monitoring/proctoring/events',
-      },
-      {
-        path: '/monitoring/proctoring',
-        redirect: '/monitoring/proctoring/events',
-      },
-      {
-        path: '/monitoring/proctoring/events',
-        name: 'events',
-        icon: 'SafetyOutlined',
-        component: './Monitoring/Proctoring/Events',
-        access: 'canAdmin',
-      },
-    ],
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/events',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/monitoring/proctoring',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/events',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/monitoring/proctoring/events',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/events',
   },
-  // Assessment section
+  // Legacy assessment redirects
   {
     path: '/assessment',
-    name: 'assessment',
-    access: 'canAdmin',
-    routes: [
-      {
-        path: '/assessment',
-        redirect: '/assessment/results/submissions',
-      },
-      {
-        path: '/assessment/results',
-        redirect: '/assessment/results/submissions',
-      },
-      {
-        path: '/assessment/results/submissions',
-        name: 'submissions',
-        icon: 'TrophyOutlined',
-        component: './Assessment/Results/Submissions',
-        access: 'canAdmin',
-      },
-      {
-        path: '/assessment/results/judge-tasks',
-        name: 'judgeTasks',
-        icon: 'ThunderboltOutlined',
-        component: './Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks',
-        access: 'canAdmin',
-      },
-    ],
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/submissions',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/assessment/results',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/submissions',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/assessment/results/submissions',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/submissions',
+  },
+  {
+    path: '/assessment/results/judge-tasks',
+    hideInMenu: true,
+    redirect: '/examination/judge-tasks',
   },
   // System section
   {
@@ -217,13 +222,31 @@ export default [
       {
         path: '/system/settings/users',
         name: 'users',
-        icon: 'SettingOutlined',
+        icon: 'UserOutlined',
         component: './System/Settings/Users',
         access: 'canAdmin',
       },
+      {
+        path: '/system/settings/user-groups',
+        name: 'userGroups',
+        icon: 'TeamOutlined',
+        component: './System/Settings/UserGroups',
+        access: 'canAdmin',
+      },
+      {
+        path: '/system/settings/user-groups/:id',
+        name: 'userGroupDetail',
+        hideInMenu: true,
+        component: './System/Settings/UserGroups/Detail',
+        access: 'canAdmin',
+      },
     ],
   },
   // Legacy redirects
+  {
+    path: '/examination/candidates',
+    redirect: '/system/settings/user-groups',
+  },
   {
     path: '/admin/exams',
     redirect: '/examination/exams',
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/menu.ts b/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/menu.ts
index 819622f..6e379b7 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/menu.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/menu.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 export default {
-  'menu.overview': 'OVERVIEW',
+  'menu.overview': 'Dashboard',
   'menu.dashboard': 'Dashboard',
   'menu.overview.dashboard': 'Dashboard',
-  'menu.content': 'CONTENT',
-  'menu.examination': 'EXAMS',
+  'menu.content': 'Library',
+  'menu.examination': 'Exams',
   'menu.monitoring': 'MONITORING',
   'menu.assessment': 'ASSESSMENT',
-  'menu.system': 'SYSTEM',
+  'menu.system': 'System',
   'menu.home': 'Home',
   'menu.login': 'Login',
   'menu.account': 'Account',
@@ -23,9 +23,14 @@ export default {
   'menu.content.paperCreate': 'New Paper',
   'menu.content.paperDetail': 'Paper Detail',
   'menu.examination.exams': 'Exams',
+  'menu.examination.submissions': 'Submissions',
+  'menu.examination.judgeTasks': 'Judge Tasks',
+  'menu.examination.events': 'Events',
   'menu.examCreate': 'Create Exam',
+  'menu.examEdit': 'Edit Exam',
   'menu.examPublish': 'Publish',
-  'menu.examination.candidates': 'Candidates',
+  'menu.examination.examDetail': 'Exam Detail',
+  'menu.examination.candidates': 'User Groups',
   'menu.proctoring': 'Proctoring',
   'menu.monitoring.events': 'Events',
   'menu.results': 'Results',
@@ -33,5 +38,8 @@ export default {
   'menu.assessment.judgeTasks': 'Judge Tasks',
   'menu.settings': 'Settings',
   'menu.system.users': 'Users',
+  'menu.system.userGroups': 'User Groups',
+  'menu.system.userGroupDetail': 'User Group Detail',
   'menu.system.settings.users': 'Users',
+  'menu.system.settings.userGroups': 'User Groups',
 };
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/pages.ts b/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/pages.ts
index 7a80ed9..c6a040d 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/pages.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/locales/en-US/pages.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ export default {
   'pages.welcome.alertMessage': 'Welcome to Examora exam management system.',
   'common.cancel': 'Cancel',
   'common.publish': 'Publish',
+  'common.save': 'Save',
+  'common.view': 'View',
+  'common.delete': 'Delete',
+  'common.refresh': 'Refresh',
+  'common.search': 'Search',
+  'common.reset': 'Reset',
   // Login page
   'pages.login.title': 'Sign In',
   'pages.login.subtitle':
@@ -90,6 +96,7 @@ export default {
   'pages.users.columns.email': 'Email',
   'pages.users.columns.role': 'Role',
   'pages.users.columns.status': 'Status',
+  'pages.users.columns.source': 'Source',
   'pages.users.columns.createdAt': 'Created At',
   'pages.users.columns.keyword': 'Keyword',
   'pages.users.search.placeholder': 'Search username, email...',
@@ -102,6 +109,13 @@ export default {
   'pages.users.statuses.ACTIVE': 'Active',
   'pages.users.statuses.INACTIVE': 'Inactive',
   'pages.users.statuses.SUSPENDED': 'Suspended',
+  'pages.users.source.LOCAL': 'Local',
+  'pages.users.groupsLoadError': 'Failed to load user groups',
+  'pages.users.joinGroup': 'Add to User Group',
+  'pages.users.joinGroupSuccess': 'Users added to user group',
+  'pages.users.joinGroupError': 'Failed to add users to user group',
+  'pages.users.joinGroupPlaceholder': 'Select a user group',
+  'pages.users.clearSelection': 'Clear',
   'pages.users.modal.createTitle': 'Add User',
   'pages.users.modal.description':
     'Provide at least one of the following fields to continue',
@@ -565,6 +579,177 @@ export default {
   'pages.comingSoon.judgeTasks.title': 'Judge Tasks',
   'pages.comingSoon.judgeTasks.description':
     'Async judge tasks, retry status, and sandbox results will be tracked here.',
+  // Exam form
+  'pages.exams.createTitle': 'Create Exam',
+  'pages.exams.editTitle': 'Edit Exam',
+  'pages.exams.edit': 'Edit',
+  'pages.exams.createSuccess': 'Exam created',
+  'pages.exams.createError': 'Failed to create exam',
+  'pages.exams.form.description':
+    'Configure exam basics and bind a paper. Save it before publishing from the exam list.',
+  'pages.exams.form.title': 'Exam Name',
+  'pages.exams.form.titleRequired': 'Please enter an exam name',
+  'pages.exams.form.descriptionField': 'Description',
+  'pages.exams.form.paper': 'Paper',
+  'pages.exams.form.paperRequired': 'Please select a paper',
+  'pages.exams.form.paperPlaceholder': 'Select a paper',
+  'pages.exams.form.duration': 'Default Duration (minutes)',
+  'pages.exams.form.durationRequired': 'Please enter exam duration',
+  'pages.exams.form.durationUnit': 'min',
+  'pages.exams.form.loadError': 'Failed to load exam configuration',
+  'pages.exams.form.saveSuccess': 'Exam saved',
+  'pages.exams.form.saveError': 'Failed to save exam',
+  'pages.exams.form.readonlyHint':
+    'Published or closed exams cannot be edited here.',
+  // Exam detail
+  'pages.examDetail.title': 'Exam Detail',
+  'pages.examDetail.loadError': 'Failed to load exam detail',
+  'pages.examDetail.sessionsLoadError': 'Failed to load users',
+  'pages.examDetail.resultsLoadError': 'Failed to load submissions',
+  'pages.examDetail.eventsLoadError': 'Failed to load audit events',
+  'pages.examDetail.usersLoadError': 'Failed to load users',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignSuccess': 'Users assigned',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignError': 'Failed to assign users',
+  'pages.examDetail.removeCandidateTitle': 'Remove User',
+  'pages.examDetail.removeCandidateContent':
+    'Only users who have not started can be removed. Continue?',
+  'pages.examDetail.resultDetailError': 'Failed to load submission detail',
+  'pages.examDetail.user': 'User',
+  'pages.examDetail.status': 'Status',
+  'pages.examDetail.startedAt': 'Started At',
+  'pages.examDetail.submittedAt': 'Submitted At',
+  'pages.examDetail.score': 'Score',
+  'pages.examDetail.createdAt': 'Time',
+  'pages.examDetail.overview': 'Overview',
+  'pages.examDetail.candidates': 'Users',
+  'pages.examDetail.results': 'Submissions',
+  'pages.examDetail.events': 'Audit Events',
+  'pages.examDetail.assign': 'Assign Users',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignPlaceholder': 'Select unassigned users',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignSource': 'Source',
+  'pages.examDetail.directAssignment': 'Direct Assignment',
+  'pages.examDetail.userGroup': 'User Group',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignByUser': 'By User',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignByGroup': 'By User Group',
+  'pages.examDetail.groupCoverage': 'Estimated {count} users',
+  'pages.examDetail.resultDetail': 'Submission Detail',
+  'pages.examDetail.eventDetail': 'Event Detail',
+  'pages.examDetail.duration': 'Duration',
+  'pages.examDetail.paper': 'Paper',
+  'pages.examDetail.startTime': 'Start Time',
+  'pages.examDetail.endTime': 'End Time',
+  'pages.examDetail.description': 'Description',
+  // Candidates
+  'pages.candidates.description':
+    'Maintain user group hierarchy and group members. Exams can be assigned by user or user group.',
+  'pages.candidates.groups': 'User Groups',
+  'pages.candidates.groupsLoadError': 'Failed to load user groups',
+  'pages.candidates.usersLoadError': 'Failed to load users',
+  'pages.candidates.membersLoadError': 'Failed to load group users',
+  'pages.candidates.groupSaveSuccess': 'User group saved',
+  'pages.candidates.groupSaveError': 'Failed to save user group',
+  'pages.candidates.groupDeleteTitle': 'Delete User Group',
+  'pages.candidates.groupDeleteContent': 'Delete "{name}"?',
+  'pages.candidates.memberSaveSuccess': 'User added to group',
+  'pages.candidates.memberSaveError': 'Failed to add user',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.student': 'User',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.role': 'Role',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.status': 'Status',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.group': 'Current Scope',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.createdAt': 'Created At',
+  'pages.candidates.removeMember': 'Remove',
+  'pages.candidates.addChildGroup': 'Add Child Group',
+  'pages.candidates.editGroup': 'Edit User Group',
+  'pages.candidates.deleteGroup': 'Delete',
+  'pages.candidates.emptyGroups': 'No user groups',
+  'pages.candidates.allStudents': 'All Users',
+  'pages.candidates.addMember': 'Add User',
+  'pages.candidates.createGroup': 'New User Group',
+  'pages.candidates.groupName': 'User Group Name',
+  'pages.candidates.groupDescription': 'Description',
+  'pages.candidates.memberPlaceholder':
+    'Select users to add to the current group',
+  // User groups
+  'pages.userGroups.description':
+    'Maintain reusable user scopes. Exams can be assigned by user or user group.',
+  'pages.userGroups.listTitle': 'User Group List',
+  'pages.userGroups.total': 'Total {total} records',
+  'pages.userGroups.keyword': 'Keyword',
+  'pages.userGroups.searchPlaceholder': 'Search name or description',
+  'pages.userGroups.source': 'Source',
+  'pages.userGroups.sourceLocal': 'Local',
+  'pages.userGroups.name': 'User Group',
+  'pages.userGroups.members': 'Members',
+  'pages.userGroups.createdAt': 'Created At',
+  'pages.userGroups.more': 'More',
+  'pages.userGroups.create': 'New User Group',
+  'pages.userGroups.loadError': 'Failed to load user groups',
+  'pages.userGroups.saveSuccess': 'User group saved',
+  'pages.userGroups.saveError': 'Failed to save user group',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteTitle': 'Delete User Group',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteContent': 'Delete "{name}"?',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteSuccess': 'User group deleted',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteError': 'Failed to delete user group',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.name': 'Name',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.nameRequired': 'Please enter a user group name',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.namePlaceholder': 'Example: Spring 2026',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.description': 'Description',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.optional': 'Optional',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.title': 'User Group Detail',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examLoadError': 'Failed to load exams',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.addMemberSuccess': 'User added to group',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.addMemberError': 'Failed to add user',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberTitle': 'Remove User',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberContent':
+    'Remove "{name}" from this user group?',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberError': 'Failed to remove user',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.user': 'User',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.role': 'Role',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.directMember': 'Direct Member',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.inheritedMember': 'Inherited Member',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.joinedAt': 'Joined At',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.remove': 'Remove',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.userSearchPlaceholder': 'Search username or email',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examId': 'Exam ID',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.type': 'Type',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.time': 'Time',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.syncMode': 'Sync {mode}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.memberCount': 'Members {count}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examCount': 'Exams {count}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.basic': 'Basic Info',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.createdAtMeta': 'Created at {time}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.updatedAtMeta': 'Updated at {time}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.membersLoadError': 'Failed to load members',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.addMember': 'Add User',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.exams': 'Exams',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examSearchPlaceholder': 'Search exam ID',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.usersLoadError': 'Failed to load users',
+  // Results
+  'pages.results.description':
+    'Review candidate submissions, total scores, and per-question grading status by exam.',
+  'pages.results.examsLoadError': 'Failed to load exams',
+  'pages.results.detailLoadError': 'Failed to load result detail',
+  'pages.results.fetchError': 'Failed to load submission records',
+  'pages.results.examPlaceholder': 'Select an exam',
+  'pages.results.selectExamEmpty': 'Please select an exam',
+  'pages.results.detailTitle': 'Submission Detail',
+  'pages.results.columns.user': 'User ID',
+  'pages.results.columns.status': 'Status',
+  'pages.results.columns.score': 'Score',
+  'pages.results.columns.submittedAt': 'Submitted At',
+  // Judge tasks
+  'pages.judgeTasks.description':
+    'Review async judge tasks, retries, runtime duration, and sandbox summaries.',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.fetchError': 'Failed to load judge tasks',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.detailLoadError': 'Failed to load judge task detail',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.detailTitle': 'Judge Task Detail',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.submission': 'Submission ID',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.question': 'Question ID',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.language': 'Language',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.status': 'Status',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.retry': 'Retry',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.summary': 'Summary',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.createdAt': 'Created At',
   // Forbidden
   'pages.forbidden.title': 'Admin Access Denied',
   'pages.forbidden.subTitle':
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/menu.ts b/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/menu.ts
index bcb1c1f..0034727 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/menu.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/menu.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 export default {
-  'menu.overview': 'OVERVIEW',
-  'menu.dashboard': 'Dashboard',
-  'menu.overview.dashboard': 'Dashboard',
-  'menu.content': 'CONTENT',
-  'menu.examination': 'EXAMS',
+  'menu.overview': '工作台',
+  'menu.dashboard': '工作台',
+  'menu.overview.dashboard': '工作台',
+  'menu.content': '资源库',
+  'menu.examination': '考试',
   'menu.monitoring': 'MONITORING',
   'menu.assessment': 'ASSESSMENT',
-  'menu.system': 'SYSTEM',
+  'menu.system': '系统',
   'menu.home': '首页',
   'menu.login': '登录',
   'menu.account': '账户',
@@ -23,9 +23,14 @@ export default {
   'menu.content.paperCreate': '新建试卷',
   'menu.content.paperDetail': '试卷详情',
   'menu.examination.exams': '考试',
+  'menu.examination.submissions': '答卷',
+  'menu.examination.judgeTasks': '判题',
+  'menu.examination.events': '事件',
   'menu.examCreate': '创建考试',
+  'menu.examEdit': '编辑考试',
   'menu.examPublish': '发布考试',
-  'menu.examination.candidates': '考生',
+  'menu.examination.examDetail': '考试详情',
+  'menu.examination.candidates': '用户组',
   'menu.proctoring': '监考',
   'menu.monitoring.events': '事件',
   'menu.results': '评测',
@@ -33,5 +38,8 @@ export default {
   'menu.assessment.judgeTasks': '判题',
   'menu.settings': '设置',
   'menu.system.users': '用户',
+  'menu.system.userGroups': '用户组',
+  'menu.system.userGroupDetail': '用户组详情',
   'menu.system.settings.users': '用户',
+  'menu.system.settings.userGroups': '用户组',
 };
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/pages.ts b/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/pages.ts
index d49366f..a134c6d 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/pages.ts
+++ b/apps/admin/src/locales/zh-CN/pages.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@ export default {
   'pages.welcome.alertMessage': '欢迎使用 Examora 考试管理系统。',
   'common.cancel': '取消',
   'common.publish': '发布',
+  'common.save': '保存',
+  'common.view': '查看',
+  'common.delete': '删除',
+  'common.refresh': '刷新',
+  'common.search': '搜索',
+  'common.reset': '重置',
   // Login page
   'pages.login.title': '登录后台',
   'pages.login.subtitle': '使用管理员账号进入 Examora 控制台。',
@@ -82,6 +88,7 @@ export default {
   'pages.users.columns.email': '邮箱',
   'pages.users.columns.role': '角色',
   'pages.users.columns.status': '状态',
+  'pages.users.columns.source': '来源',
   'pages.users.columns.createdAt': '创建时间',
   'pages.users.columns.keyword': '关键词',
   'pages.users.search.placeholder': '搜索用户名、邮箱...',
@@ -94,6 +101,13 @@ export default {
   'pages.users.statuses.ACTIVE': '启用',
   'pages.users.statuses.INACTIVE': '停用',
   'pages.users.statuses.SUSPENDED': '封禁',
+  'pages.users.source.LOCAL': '本地',
+  'pages.users.groupsLoadError': '加载用户组失败',
+  'pages.users.joinGroup': '加入用户组',
+  'pages.users.joinGroupSuccess': '用户已加入用户组',
+  'pages.users.joinGroupError': '加入用户组失败',
+  'pages.users.joinGroupPlaceholder': '选择要加入的用户组',
+  'pages.users.clearSelection': '清空',
   'pages.users.modal.createTitle': '添加用户',
   'pages.users.modal.description': '提供以下至少一项字段才能继续',
   'pages.users.modal.submit': '添加用户',
@@ -346,7 +360,7 @@ export default {
   // Exam pages
   'pages.exams.title': '考试管理',
   'pages.exams.description':
-    '创建和管理考试，设置考试时间、时长和参与考生，支持线上监考。',
+    '创建和管理考试，设置考试时间、时长和参与用户，支持线上监考。',
   'pages.exams.listTitle': '考试列表',
   'pages.exams.create': '创建考试',
   'pages.exams.more': '更多',
@@ -533,6 +547,174 @@ export default {
   'pages.comingSoon.judgeTasks.title': '判题任务',
   'pages.comingSoon.judgeTasks.description':
     '异步判题任务、重试状态和沙箱结果将在这里跟踪。',
+  // Exam form
+  'pages.exams.createTitle': '创建考试',
+  'pages.exams.editTitle': '编辑考试',
+  'pages.exams.edit': '编辑',
+  'pages.exams.createSuccess': '考试已创建',
+  'pages.exams.createError': '创建考试失败',
+  'pages.exams.form.description':
+    '配置考试基本信息并绑定试卷，保存后可在考试列表发布。',
+  'pages.exams.form.title': '考试名称',
+  'pages.exams.form.titleRequired': '请输入考试名称',
+  'pages.exams.form.descriptionField': '考试说明',
+  'pages.exams.form.paper': '关联试卷',
+  'pages.exams.form.paperRequired': '请选择试卷',
+  'pages.exams.form.paperPlaceholder': '选择一份试卷',
+  'pages.exams.form.duration': '默认时长(分钟)',
+  'pages.exams.form.durationRequired': '请输入考试时长',
+  'pages.exams.form.durationUnit': '分钟',
+  'pages.exams.form.loadError': '加载考试配置失败',
+  'pages.exams.form.saveSuccess': '考试已保存',
+  'pages.exams.form.saveError': '保存考试失败',
+  'pages.exams.form.readonlyHint': '已发布或已结束考试不可编辑基础配置。',
+  // Exam detail
+  'pages.examDetail.title': '考试详情',
+  'pages.examDetail.loadError': '加载考试详情失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.sessionsLoadError': '加载用户列表失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.resultsLoadError': '加载答卷失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.eventsLoadError': '加载审计事件失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.usersLoadError': '加载用户失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignSuccess': '用户已分配',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignError': '分配用户失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.removeCandidateTitle': '移除用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.removeCandidateContent':
+    '仅未开始考试的用户可以移除，确定继续？',
+  'pages.examDetail.resultDetailError': '加载答卷详情失败',
+  'pages.examDetail.user': '用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.status': '状态',
+  'pages.examDetail.startedAt': '开始时间',
+  'pages.examDetail.submittedAt': '交卷时间',
+  'pages.examDetail.score': '成绩',
+  'pages.examDetail.createdAt': '时间',
+  'pages.examDetail.overview': '概览',
+  'pages.examDetail.candidates': '用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.results': '答卷',
+  'pages.examDetail.events': '审计事件',
+  'pages.examDetail.assign': '分配用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignPlaceholder': '选择未分配用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignSource': '来源',
+  'pages.examDetail.directAssignment': '直接分配',
+  'pages.examDetail.userGroup': '用户组',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignByUser': '按用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.assignByGroup': '按用户组',
+  'pages.examDetail.groupCoverage': '预计覆盖 {count} 名用户',
+  'pages.examDetail.resultDetail': '答卷详情',
+  'pages.examDetail.eventDetail': '事件详情',
+  'pages.examDetail.duration': '时长',
+  'pages.examDetail.paper': '试卷',
+  'pages.examDetail.startTime': '开始时间',
+  'pages.examDetail.endTime': '结束时间',
+  'pages.examDetail.description': '说明',
+  // Candidates
+  'pages.candidates.description':
+    '维护用户组层级和组内用户，考试可按用户或用户组分配。',
+  'pages.candidates.groups': '用户组',
+  'pages.candidates.groupsLoadError': '加载用户组失败',
+  'pages.candidates.usersLoadError': '加载用户失败',
+  'pages.candidates.membersLoadError': '加载组内用户失败',
+  'pages.candidates.groupSaveSuccess': '用户组已保存',
+  'pages.candidates.groupSaveError': '保存用户组失败',
+  'pages.candidates.groupDeleteTitle': '删除用户组',
+  'pages.candidates.groupDeleteContent': '确定删除「{name}」吗？',
+  'pages.candidates.memberSaveSuccess': '用户已加入用户组',
+  'pages.candidates.memberSaveError': '添加用户失败',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.student': '用户',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.role': '角色',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.status': '状态',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.group': '当前范围',
+  'pages.candidates.columns.createdAt': '创建时间',
+  'pages.candidates.removeMember': '移出',
+  'pages.candidates.addChildGroup': '添加子组',
+  'pages.candidates.editGroup': '编辑用户组',
+  'pages.candidates.deleteGroup': '删除',
+  'pages.candidates.emptyGroups': '暂无用户组',
+  'pages.candidates.allStudents': '全部用户',
+  'pages.candidates.addMember': '加入用户',
+  'pages.candidates.createGroup': '新建用户组',
+  'pages.candidates.groupName': '用户组名称',
+  'pages.candidates.groupDescription': '说明',
+  'pages.candidates.memberPlaceholder': '选择要加入当前用户组的用户',
+  // User groups
+  'pages.userGroups.description':
+    '维护可复用的用户范围，考试可按用户或用户组分配。',
+  'pages.userGroups.listTitle': '用户组列表',
+  'pages.userGroups.total': '共 {total} 条',
+  'pages.userGroups.keyword': '关键词',
+  'pages.userGroups.searchPlaceholder': '搜索名称、说明',
+  'pages.userGroups.source': '来源',
+  'pages.userGroups.sourceLocal': '本地',
+  'pages.userGroups.name': '用户组',
+  'pages.userGroups.members': '成员',
+  'pages.userGroups.createdAt': '创建时间',
+  'pages.userGroups.more': '更多',
+  'pages.userGroups.create': '新建用户组',
+  'pages.userGroups.loadError': '加载用户组失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.saveSuccess': '用户组已保存',
+  'pages.userGroups.saveError': '保存用户组失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteTitle': '删除用户组',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteContent': '确定删除「{name}」吗？',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteSuccess': '用户组已删除',
+  'pages.userGroups.deleteError': '删除用户组失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.name': '名称',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.nameRequired': '请输入用户组名称',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.namePlaceholder': '例如：2026 春季班',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.description': '说明',
+  'pages.userGroups.form.optional': '可选',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.title': '用户组详情',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examLoadError': '加载考试失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.addMemberSuccess': '用户已加入用户组',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.addMemberError': '添加用户失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberTitle': '移出用户',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberContent':
+    '确定将「{name}」移出当前用户组吗？',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberError': '移出用户失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.user': '用户',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.role': '角色',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.directMember': '直接成员',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.inheritedMember': '继承成员',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.joinedAt': '加入时间',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.remove': '移出',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.userSearchPlaceholder': '搜索用户名、邮箱',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examId': '考试 ID',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.type': '类型',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.time': '时间',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.syncMode': '同步 {mode}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.memberCount': '成员 {count}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examCount': '考试 {count}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.basic': '基础信息',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.createdAtMeta': '创建时间 {time}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.updatedAtMeta': '更新时间 {time}',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.membersLoadError': '加载成员失败',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.addMember': '加入用户',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.exams': '考试',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.examSearchPlaceholder': '搜索考试 ID',
+  'pages.userGroups.detail.usersLoadError': '加载用户失败',
+  // Results
+  'pages.results.description': '按考试查看用户提交、总分和题目判分状态。',
+  'pages.results.examsLoadError': '加载考试列表失败',
+  'pages.results.detailLoadError': '加载结果详情失败',
+  'pages.results.fetchError': '加载提交记录失败',
+  'pages.results.examPlaceholder': '选择考试',
+  'pages.results.selectExamEmpty': '请选择考试',
+  'pages.results.detailTitle': '提交详情',
+  'pages.results.columns.user': '用户ID',
+  'pages.results.columns.status': '状态',
+  'pages.results.columns.score': '成绩',
+  'pages.results.columns.submittedAt': '提交时间',
+  // Judge tasks
+  'pages.judgeTasks.description':
+    '查看异步判题任务、重试次数、运行耗时和沙箱摘要。',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.fetchError': '加载判题任务失败',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.detailLoadError': '加载判题任务详情失败',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.detailTitle': '判题任务详情',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.submission': '提交ID',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.question': '题目ID',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.language': '语言',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.status': '状态',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.retry': '重试',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.summary': '摘要',
+  'pages.judgeTasks.columns.createdAt': '创建时间',
   // Forbidden
   'pages.forbidden.title': '无权访问后台',
   'pages.forbidden.subTitle':
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/index.tsx
index cef70ad..b385637 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/index.tsx
@@ -1,36 +1,259 @@
-import { PageContainer } from '@ant-design/pro-components';
-import { history, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
-import { Button, Card, Result } from 'antd';
-import React from 'react';
+import { EyeOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import {
+  PageContainer,
+  type ProColumns,
+  ProTable,
+} from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type {
+  AdminJudgeTask,
+  AdminJudgeTaskPageResponse,
+} from '@examora/types';
+import { useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
+import {
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Descriptions,
+  Drawer,
+  Space,
+  Spin,
+  Tag,
+  Typography,
+} from 'antd';
+import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import { fetchEnvelope } from '@/utils/apiEnvelope';
+import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import {
+  judgeTaskDurationLabel,
+  judgeTaskStatusTone,
+  summarizeJudgeTask,
+} from './model';
 
-const Index: React.FC = () => {
+const { Paragraph } = Typography;
+const JUDGE_TASKS_PATH = '/api/v1/judge/tasks';
+const judgeTaskPath = (taskID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/judge/tasks/${taskID}`;
+
+const JudgeTasksContent: React.FC = () => {
   const intl = useIntl();
+  const { message } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const [tasks, setTasks] = useState<AdminJudgeTask[]>([]);
+  const [taskTotal, setTaskTotal] = useState(0);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [detail, setDetail] = useState<AdminJudgeTask | null>(null);
+  const [detailOpen, setDetailOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [detailLoading, setDetailLoading] = useState(false);
+
+  const fetchTasks = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    setLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminJudgeTaskPageResponse>(
+        `${JUDGE_TASKS_PATH}?page=1&page_size=100`,
+      );
+      setTasks(data.items || []);
+      setTaskTotal(data.total || 0);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.judgeTasks.fetchError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载判题任务失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [intl, message]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchTasks();
+  }, [fetchTasks]);
+
+  const openDetail = async (record: AdminJudgeTask) => {
+    setDetailOpen(true);
+    setDetailLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminJudgeTask>(
+        judgeTaskPath(record.id),
+      );
+      setDetail(data);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.judgeTasks.detailLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载判题任务详情失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setDetailLoading(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const columns: ProColumns<AdminJudgeTask>[] = [
+    { title: 'ID', dataIndex: 'id', width: 80, search: false },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.submission',
+        defaultMessage: '提交ID',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'submission_id',
+      width: 100,
+      search: false,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.question',
+        defaultMessage: '题目ID',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'question_id',
+      width: 100,
+      search: false,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.language',
+        defaultMessage: '语言',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'language',
+      width: 110,
+      search: false,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.status',
+        defaultMessage: '状态',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'status',
+      width: 150,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, record) => (
+        <Tag color={judgeTaskStatusTone(record.status)}>{record.status}</Tag>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.retry',
+        defaultMessage: '重试',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'retry_count',
+      width: 90,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, record) => `${record.retry_count}/${record.max_retry_count}`,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.summary',
+        defaultMessage: '摘要',
+      }),
+      search: false,
+      ellipsis: true,
+      render: (_, record) => summarizeJudgeTask(record),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.columns.createdAt',
+        defaultMessage: '创建时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'created_at',
+      width: 180,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        dayjs(record.created_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss'),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      valueType: 'option',
+      width: 100,
+      render: (_, record) => [
+        <Button
+          key="detail"
+          type="link"
+          icon={<EyeOutlined />}
+          onClick={() => openDetail(record)}
+        >
+          {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'common.view', defaultMessage: '查看' })}
+        </Button>,
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
 
   return (
     <PageContainer
+      title={intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'menu.assessment.judgeTasks',
+        defaultMessage: '判题任务',
+      })}
       content={intl.formatMessage({
-        id: 'pages.comingSoon.judgeTasks.description',
+        id: 'pages.judgeTasks.description',
+        defaultMessage: '查看异步判题任务、重试次数、运行耗时和沙箱摘要。',
       })}
     >
-      <Card>
-        <Result
-          status="info"
-          title={intl.formatMessage({ id: 'pages.comingSoon.shortTitle' })}
-          subTitle={intl.formatMessage({
-            id: 'pages.comingSoon.shortDescription',
-          })}
-          extra={
-            <Button
-              type="primary"
-              onClick={() => history.push('/overview/dashboard')}
-            >
-              {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'pages.comingSoon.backDashboard' })}
-            </Button>
-          }
-        />
-      </Card>
+      <ProTable<AdminJudgeTask>
+        rowKey="id"
+        columns={columns}
+        dataSource={tasks}
+        loading={loading}
+        pagination={{ total: taskTotal, pageSize: 20 }}
+        search={false}
+        options={{ reload: fetchTasks, density: true, setting: true }}
+        cardBordered={{ table: true }}
+        columnEmptyText="-"
+      />
+      <Drawer
+        size="large"
+        open={detailOpen}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.judgeTasks.detailTitle',
+          defaultMessage: '判题任务详情',
+        })}
+        onClose={() => setDetailOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <Spin spinning={detailLoading}>
+          {detail && (
+            <Space direction="vertical" size={16} style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+              <Descriptions bordered size="small" column={2}>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="ID">{detail.id}</Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Submission">
+                  {detail.submission_id}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Question">
+                  {detail.question_id}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="User">
+                  {detail.user_id}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Language">
+                  {detail.language}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Status">
+                  <Tag color={judgeTaskStatusTone(detail.status)}>
+                    {detail.status}
+                  </Tag>
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Retry">
+                  {detail.retry_count}/{detail.max_retry_count}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Duration">
+                  {judgeTaskDurationLabel(detail)}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+              </Descriptions>
+              <Paragraph copyable>{summarizeJudgeTask(detail)}</Paragraph>
+            </Space>
+          )}
+        </Spin>
+      </Drawer>
     </PageContainer>
   );
 };
 
-export default Index;
+const JudgeTasks: React.FC = () => (
+  <AntdApp>
+    <JudgeTasksContent />
+  </AntdApp>
+);
+
+export default JudgeTasks;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/model.test.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/model.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..675f145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/model.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import {
+  judgeTaskDurationLabel,
+  judgeTaskStatusTone,
+  summarizeJudgeTask,
+} from './model';
+
+describe('judge task model', () => {
+  test('summarizes failed tasks with error messages first', () => {
+    const task = {
+      error_message: 'sandbox unavailable',
+      result_summary: { passed: 2, total: 5 },
+    };
+
+    expect(summarizeJudgeTask(task)).toBe('sandbox unavailable');
+  });
+
+  test('summarizes result summary when no error exists', () => {
+    const task = {
+      result_summary: { passed: 2, total: 5, score: 40 },
+    };
+
+    expect(summarizeJudgeTask(task)).toBe('passed: 2, total: 5, score: 40');
+  });
+
+  test('calculates task duration labels', () => {
+    const task = {
+      started_at: '2026-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+      finished_at: '2026-01-01T00:00:03Z',
+    };
+
+    expect(judgeTaskDurationLabel(task)).toBe('3s');
+  });
+
+  test('maps judge statuses to table tones', () => {
+    expect(judgeTaskStatusTone('ACCEPTED')).toBe('success');
+    expect(judgeTaskStatusTone('RUNNING')).toBe('processing');
+    expect(judgeTaskStatusTone('SYSTEM_ERROR')).toBe('error');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/model.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/model.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50acf23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/JudgeTasks/model.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { AdminJudgeTask, JudgeStatus } from '@examora/types';
+
+export const summarizeJudgeTask = (
+  task: Pick<AdminJudgeTask, 'error_message' | 'result_summary'>,
+) => {
+  if (task.error_message) return task.error_message;
+  if (!task.result_summary) return '-';
+  const parts = Object.entries(task.result_summary).map(
+    ([key, value]) => `${key}: ${String(value)}`,
+  );
+  return parts.length > 0 ? parts.join(', ') : '-';
+};
+
+export const judgeTaskDurationLabel = (
+  task: Pick<AdminJudgeTask, 'started_at' | 'finished_at'>,
+) => {
+  if (!task.started_at || !task.finished_at) return '-';
+  const durationMS =
+    new Date(task.finished_at).getTime() - new Date(task.started_at).getTime();
+  if (!Number.isFinite(durationMS) || durationMS < 0) return '-';
+  return `${Math.round(durationMS / 1000)}s`;
+};
+
+export const judgeTaskStatusTone = (
+  status: JudgeStatus,
+): 'success' | 'processing' | 'warning' | 'error' | 'default' => {
+  if (status === 'ACCEPTED') return 'success';
+  if (status === 'RUNNING' || status === 'QUEUED' || status === 'PENDING') {
+    return 'processing';
+  }
+  if (status === 'CANCELED') return 'warning';
+  if (
+    status === 'WRONG_ANSWER' ||
+    status === 'COMPILE_ERROR' ||
+    status === 'RUNTIME_ERROR' ||
+    status === 'TIME_LIMIT_EXCEEDED' ||
+    status === 'MEMORY_LIMIT_EXCEEDED' ||
+    status === 'SYSTEM_ERROR'
+  ) {
+    return 'error';
+  }
+  return 'default';
+};
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/index.tsx
index 4cd3883..02b686c 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/index.tsx
@@ -1,36 +1,329 @@
-import { PageContainer } from '@ant-design/pro-components';
-import { history, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
-import { Button, Card, Result } from 'antd';
-import React from 'react';
+import { EyeOutlined, ReloadOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import {
+  PageContainer,
+  type ProColumns,
+  ProTable,
+} from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type {
+  AdminExam,
+  AdminExamPageResponse,
+  AdminExamResult,
+  AdminExamResultPageResponse,
+  AdminQuestionResult,
+} from '@examora/types';
+import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
+import { request, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
+import {
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Descriptions,
+  Drawer,
+  Empty,
+  Progress,
+  Select,
+  Space,
+  Spin,
+  Table,
+  Tag,
+  Typography,
+} from 'antd';
+import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { fetchEnvelope } from '@/utils/apiEnvelope';
+import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import {
+  formatScore,
+  isResultPending,
+  resultProgressPercent,
+  resultStatusTone,
+} from './model';
 
-const Index: React.FC = () => {
+const { Text } = Typography;
+const examResultsPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/results`;
+const examResultPath = (resultID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exam-results/${resultID}`;
+
+const SubmissionsContent: React.FC = () => {
   const intl = useIntl();
+  const { message } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const [exams, setExams] = useState<AdminExam[]>([]);
+  const [examID, setExamID] = useState<number>();
+  const [results, setResults] = useState<AdminExamResult[]>([]);
+  const [resultTotal, setResultTotal] = useState(0);
+  const [resultsLoading, setResultsLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [detail, setDetail] = useState<AdminExamResult | null>(null);
+  const [detailOpen, setDetailOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [detailLoading, setDetailLoading] = useState(false);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    request<{ code: number; data: AdminExamPageResponse }>(
+      API_PATHS.admin.exams,
+      {
+        skipErrorHandler: true,
+        params: { page: 1, page_size: 100 },
+      },
+    )
+      .then((response) => {
+        const items = response.data?.items || [];
+        setExams(items);
+        setExamID((current) => current ?? items[0]?.id);
+      })
+      .catch((error) =>
+        message.error(
+          requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+            intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.results.examsLoadError',
+              defaultMessage: '加载考试列表失败',
+            }),
+        ),
+      );
+  }, [intl, message]);
+
+  const examOptions = useMemo(
+    () => exams.map((exam) => ({ label: exam.title, value: exam.id })),
+    [exams],
+  );
+
+  const fetchResults = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    setResultsLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminExamResultPageResponse>(
+        `${examResultsPath(examID)}?page=1&page_size=100`,
+      );
+      setResults(data.items || []);
+      setResultTotal(data.total || 0);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.results.fetchError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载提交记录失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setResultsLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [examID, intl, message]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    fetchResults();
+  }, [fetchResults]);
+
+  const openDetail = async (record: AdminExamResult) => {
+    setDetailOpen(true);
+    setDetailLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminExamResult>(
+        examResultPath(record.id),
+      );
+      setDetail(data);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.results.detailLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载结果详情失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setDetailLoading(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const columns: ProColumns<AdminExamResult>[] = [
+    {
+      title: 'ID',
+      dataIndex: 'id',
+      width: 80,
+      search: false,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.results.columns.user',
+        defaultMessage: '考生ID',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'user_id',
+      width: 100,
+      search: false,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.results.columns.status',
+        defaultMessage: '状态',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'status',
+      width: 140,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, record) => (
+        <Tag color={resultStatusTone(record.status)}>{record.status}</Tag>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.results.columns.score',
+        defaultMessage: '成绩',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'score',
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, record) => (
+        <Space direction="vertical" size={2} style={{ width: 180 }}>
+          <Text>{formatScore(record.score, record.max_score)}</Text>
+          <Progress
+            percent={resultProgressPercent(record)}
+            size="small"
+            status={isResultPending(record) ? 'active' : 'normal'}
+          />
+        </Space>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.results.columns.submittedAt',
+        defaultMessage: '提交时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'submitted_at',
+      width: 180,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        record.submitted_at
+          ? dayjs(record.submitted_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
+          : '-',
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      valueType: 'option',
+      width: 100,
+      render: (_, record) => [
+        <Button
+          key="detail"
+          type="link"
+          icon={<EyeOutlined />}
+          onClick={() => openDetail(record)}
+        >
+          {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'common.view', defaultMessage: '查看' })}
+        </Button>,
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const questionRows: AdminQuestionResult[] = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!detail) return [];
+    if (detail.sections?.length) {
+      return detail.sections.flatMap((section) => section.questions || []);
+    }
+    return detail.questions || [];
+  }, [detail]);
 
   return (
     <PageContainer
+      title={intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'menu.assessment.submissions',
+        defaultMessage: '提交记录',
+      })}
       content={intl.formatMessage({
-        id: 'pages.comingSoon.submissions.description',
+        id: 'pages.results.description',
+        defaultMessage: '按考试查看考生提交、总分和题目判分状态。',
       })}
     >
-      <Card>
-        <Result
-          status="info"
-          title={intl.formatMessage({ id: 'pages.comingSoon.shortTitle' })}
-          subTitle={intl.formatMessage({
-            id: 'pages.comingSoon.shortDescription',
-          })}
-          extra={
-            <Button
-              type="primary"
-              onClick={() => history.push('/overview/dashboard')}
-            >
-              {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'pages.comingSoon.backDashboard' })}
-            </Button>
-          }
-        />
-      </Card>
+      <ProTable<AdminExamResult>
+        rowKey="id"
+        columns={columns}
+        dataSource={results}
+        loading={resultsLoading}
+        pagination={{ total: resultTotal, pageSize: 20 }}
+        search={false}
+        options={{ reload: fetchResults, density: true, setting: true }}
+        cardBordered={{ table: true }}
+        columnEmptyText="-"
+        headerTitle={
+          <Space>
+            <Select
+              style={{ width: 320 }}
+              value={examID}
+              options={examOptions}
+              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.results.examPlaceholder',
+                defaultMessage: '选择考试',
+              })}
+              onChange={(value) => setExamID(value)}
+            />
+            <Button icon={<ReloadOutlined />} onClick={fetchResults} />
+          </Space>
+        }
+        locale={{
+          emptyText: examID ? (
+            <Empty />
+          ) : (
+            intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.results.selectExamEmpty',
+              defaultMessage: '请选择考试',
+            })
+          ),
+        }}
+      />
+      <Drawer
+        size="large"
+        open={detailOpen}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.results.detailTitle',
+          defaultMessage: '提交详情',
+        })}
+        onClose={() => setDetailOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <Spin spinning={detailLoading}>
+          {detail && (
+            <Space direction="vertical" size={16} style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+              <Descriptions bordered size="small" column={2}>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="ID">{detail.id}</Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="User">
+                  {detail.user_id}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Status">
+                  <Tag color={resultStatusTone(detail.status)}>
+                    {detail.status}
+                  </Tag>
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="Score">
+                  {formatScore(detail.score, detail.max_score)}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+              </Descriptions>
+              <Table<AdminQuestionResult>
+                rowKey="id"
+                size="small"
+                pagination={false}
+                dataSource={questionRows}
+                columns={[
+                  { title: 'Question', dataIndex: 'question_id', width: 100 },
+                  { title: 'Type', dataIndex: 'type', width: 140 },
+                  {
+                    title: 'Status',
+                    dataIndex: 'status',
+                    width: 160,
+                    render: (status) => <Tag>{status}</Tag>,
+                  },
+                  {
+                    title: 'Score',
+                    render: (_, row) => formatScore(row.score, row.max_score),
+                  },
+                ]}
+              />
+            </Space>
+          )}
+        </Spin>
+      </Drawer>
     </PageContainer>
   );
 };
 
-export default Index;
+const Submissions: React.FC = () => (
+  <AntdApp>
+    <SubmissionsContent />
+  </AntdApp>
+);
+
+export default Submissions;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model.test.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acb01e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import type { AdminExamResult } from '@examora/types';
+import {
+  formatScore,
+  isResultPending,
+  resultProgressPercent,
+  resultStatusTone,
+} from './model';
+
+describe('submission results model', () => {
+  test('formats score against max score', () => {
+    expect(formatScore(82.5, 100)).toBe('82.5 / 100');
+  });
+
+  test('calculates bounded result progress', () => {
+    expect(
+      resultProgressPercent({ score: 50, max_score: 100 } as AdminExamResult),
+    ).toBe(50);
+    expect(
+      resultProgressPercent({ score: 150, max_score: 100 } as AdminExamResult),
+    ).toBe(100);
+    expect(
+      resultProgressPercent({ score: 10, max_score: 0 } as AdminExamResult),
+    ).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('marks judging and manual-required results as pending', () => {
+    expect(isResultPending({ status: 'JUDGING' } as AdminExamResult)).toBe(
+      true,
+    );
+    expect(
+      isResultPending({ status: 'MANUAL_REQUIRED' } as AdminExamResult),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(isResultPending({ status: 'GRADED' } as AdminExamResult)).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('maps result statuses to table tones', () => {
+    expect(resultStatusTone('GRADED')).toBe('success');
+    expect(resultStatusTone('JUDGING')).toBe('processing');
+    expect(resultStatusTone('MANUAL_REQUIRED')).toBe('warning');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22e2c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import type { AdminExamResult, AdminExamResultStatus } from '@examora/types';
+
+export const formatScore = (score: number, maxScore: number) =>
+  `${Number(score.toFixed(2))} / ${Number(maxScore.toFixed(2))}`;
+
+export const resultProgressPercent = (
+  result: Pick<AdminExamResult, 'score' | 'max_score'>,
+) => {
+  if (result.max_score <= 0) return 0;
+  return Math.max(
+    0,
+    Math.min(100, Math.round((result.score / result.max_score) * 100)),
+  );
+};
+
+export const isResultPending = (result: Pick<AdminExamResult, 'status'>) =>
+  result.status === 'JUDGING' || result.status === 'MANUAL_REQUIRED';
+
+export const resultStatusTone = (
+  status: AdminExamResultStatus,
+): 'success' | 'processing' | 'warning' | 'default' => {
+  if (status === 'GRADED') return 'success';
+  if (status === 'JUDGING') return 'processing';
+  if (status === 'MANUAL_REQUIRED') return 'warning';
+  return 'default';
+};
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/Candidates/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/Candidates/index.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index 542a8d3..0000000
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/Candidates/index.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-import { PageContainer } from '@ant-design/pro-components';
-import { history, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
-import { Button, Card, Result } from 'antd';
-import React from 'react';
-
-const Index: React.FC = () => {
-  const intl = useIntl();
-
-  return (
-    <PageContainer
-      content={intl.formatMessage({
-        id: 'pages.comingSoon.candidates.description',
-      })}
-    >
-      <Card>
-        <Result
-          status="info"
-          title={intl.formatMessage({ id: 'pages.comingSoon.shortTitle' })}
-          subTitle={intl.formatMessage({
-            id: 'pages.comingSoon.shortDescription',
-          })}
-          extra={
-            <Button
-              type="primary"
-              onClick={() => history.push('/overview/dashboard')}
-            >
-              {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'pages.comingSoon.backDashboard' })}
-            </Button>
-          }
-        />
-      </Card>
-    </PageContainer>
-  );
-};
-
-export default Index;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db9770b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+import {
+  DeleteOutlined,
+  EyeOutlined,
+  PlusOutlined,
+  ReloadOutlined,
+} from '@ant-design/icons';
+import {
+  PageContainer,
+  type ProColumns,
+  ProTable,
+} from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type {
+  AdminClientEvent,
+  AdminClientEventPageResponse,
+  AdminExam,
+  AdminExamAssignment,
+  AdminExamAssignmentListResponse,
+  AdminExamResult,
+  AdminExamResultPageResponse,
+  AdminExamSession,
+  AdminExamSessionListResponse,
+  AdminQuestionResult,
+  AdminUser,
+  AdminUserGroup,
+  AdminUserGroupStudentsResponse,
+  AdminUserGroupTreeResponse,
+  AdminUserPageResponse,
+  BatchResult,
+} from '@examora/types';
+import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
+import { history, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
+import {
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Descriptions,
+  Drawer,
+  Empty,
+  Modal,
+  Segmented,
+  Select,
+  Space,
+  Spin,
+  Table,
+  Tabs,
+  Tag,
+  Tree,
+  Typography,
+} from 'antd';
+import type { DataNode } from 'antd/es/tree';
+import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import {
+  formatScore,
+  resultStatusTone,
+} from '@/pages/Assessment/Results/Submissions/model';
+import { fetchEnvelope } from '@/utils/apiEnvelope';
+import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import {
+  canRemoveCandidate,
+  examAssignmentsPath,
+  examCandidatePath,
+  examCandidatesPath,
+  examDetailPath,
+  examEventsPath,
+  examResultPath,
+  examResultsPath,
+  examSessionsPath,
+  examStatusTone,
+  sessionStatusTone,
+} from './model';
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+const userGroupTreePath = '/api/v1/user-groups/tree';
+const userGroupStudentsPath = (groupID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}/students`;
+
+const toTreeData = (groups: AdminUserGroup[]): DataNode[] =>
+  groups.map((group) => ({
+    key: String(group.id),
+    title: group.name,
+    children: toTreeData(group.children || []),
+  }));
+
+const ExamDetailContent: React.FC = () => {
+  const intl = useIntl();
+  const examID = window.location.pathname.match(
+    /\/examination\/exams\/([^/]+)/,
+  )?.[1];
+  const { message, modal } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const [exam, setExam] = useState<AdminExam | null>(null);
+  const [examLoading, setExamLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [sessions, setSessions] = useState<AdminExamSession[]>([]);
+  const [sessionsLoading, setSessionsLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [assignments, setAssignments] = useState<AdminExamAssignment[]>([]);
+  const [results, setResults] = useState<AdminExamResult[]>([]);
+  const [resultsTotal, setResultsTotal] = useState(0);
+  const [resultsLoading, setResultsLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [events, setEvents] = useState<AdminClientEvent[]>([]);
+  const [eventsTotal, setEventsTotal] = useState(0);
+  const [eventsLoading, setEventsLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [users, setUsers] = useState<AdminUser[]>([]);
+  const [userGroups, setUserGroups] = useState<AdminUserGroup[]>([]);
+  const [assignOpen, setAssignOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [assignMode, setAssignMode] = useState<'users' | 'groups'>('users');
+  const [selectedUserIDs, setSelectedUserIDs] = useState<number[]>([]);
+  const [selectedGroupIDs, setSelectedGroupIDs] = useState<number[]>([]);
+  const [groupCoverageCount, setGroupCoverageCount] = useState(0);
+  const [assigning, setAssigning] = useState(false);
+  const [resultDetail, setResultDetail] = useState<AdminExamResult | null>(
+    null,
+  );
+  const [resultDetailOpen, setResultDetailOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [resultDetailLoading, setResultDetailLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [eventDetail, setEventDetail] = useState<AdminClientEvent | null>(null);
+
+  const loadExam = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    setExamLoading(true);
+    try {
+      setExam(await fetchEnvelope<AdminExam>(examDetailPath(examID)));
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.loadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载考试详情失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setExamLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [examID, intl, message]);
+
+  const loadSessions = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    setSessionsLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminExamSessionListResponse>(
+        examSessionsPath(examID),
+      );
+      setSessions(data.items || []);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.sessionsLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载用户列表失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setSessionsLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [examID, intl, message]);
+
+  const loadResults = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    setResultsLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminExamResultPageResponse>(
+        `${examResultsPath(examID)}?page=1&page_size=100`,
+      );
+      setResults(data.items || []);
+      setResultsTotal(data.total || 0);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.resultsLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载答卷失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setResultsLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [examID, intl, message]);
+
+  const loadEvents = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    setEventsLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminClientEventPageResponse>(
+        `${examEventsPath(examID)}?page=1&page_size=100`,
+      );
+      setEvents(data.items || []);
+      setEventsTotal(data.total || 0);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.eventsLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载审计事件失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setEventsLoading(false);
+    }
+  }, [examID, intl, message]);
+
+  const loadUsers = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminUserPageResponse>(
+        `${API_PATHS.admin.users}?page=1&page_size=200`,
+      );
+      setUsers(data.items || []);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.usersLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载用户失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    }
+  }, [intl, message]);
+
+  const loadUserGroups = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const data =
+        await fetchEnvelope<AdminUserGroupTreeResponse>(userGroupTreePath);
+      setUserGroups(data.items || []);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.groupsLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载用户组失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    }
+  }, [intl, message]);
+
+  const loadAssignments = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminExamAssignmentListResponse>(
+        examAssignmentsPath(examID),
+      );
+      setAssignments(data.items || []);
+    } catch (_error) {
+      setAssignments([]);
+    }
+  }, [examID]);
+
+  const refreshAll = React.useCallback(() => {
+    loadExam();
+    loadSessions();
+    loadAssignments();
+    loadResults();
+    loadEvents();
+  }, [loadAssignments, loadExam, loadEvents, loadResults, loadSessions]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    refreshAll();
+  }, [refreshAll]);
+
+  const userMap = useMemo(() => {
+    const map = new Map<number, AdminUser>();
+    users.forEach((user) => {
+      map.set(user.id, user);
+    });
+    return map;
+  }, [users]);
+
+  const assignedUserIDs = useMemo(
+    () => new Set(sessions.map((session) => session.user_id)),
+    [sessions],
+  );
+
+  const assignmentSourceByUserID = useMemo(() => {
+    const map = new Map<number, string>();
+    assignments.forEach((assignment) => {
+      if (assignment.target_type === 'USER') {
+        map.set(
+          assignment.target_id,
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.directAssignment',
+            defaultMessage: '直接分配',
+          }),
+        );
+      }
+    });
+    return map;
+  }, [assignments, intl]);
+
+  const userOptions = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      users
+        .filter((user) => !assignedUserIDs.has(user.id))
+        .map((user) => ({
+          label: user.display_name
+            ? `${user.display_name} (${user.username})`
+            : user.username,
+          value: user.id,
+        })),
+    [assignedUserIDs, users],
+  );
+
+  const openAssign = async () => {
+    setSelectedUserIDs([]);
+    setSelectedGroupIDs([]);
+    setGroupCoverageCount(0);
+    setAssignMode('users');
+    setAssignOpen(true);
+    await Promise.all([loadUsers(), loadUserGroups()]);
+  };
+
+  const assignCandidates = async () => {
+    if (
+      !examID ||
+      (assignMode === 'users' && selectedUserIDs.length === 0) ||
+      (assignMode === 'groups' && selectedGroupIDs.length === 0)
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    setAssigning(true);
+    try {
+      await fetchEnvelope<BatchResult>(
+        assignMode === 'users'
+          ? examCandidatesPath(examID)
+          : examAssignmentsPath(examID),
+        {
+          method: 'POST',
+          headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+          body: JSON.stringify(
+            assignMode === 'users'
+              ? { ids: selectedUserIDs }
+              : { user_group_ids: selectedGroupIDs },
+          ),
+        },
+      );
+      message.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.examDetail.assignSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '用户已分配',
+        }),
+      );
+      setAssignOpen(false);
+      loadSessions();
+      loadAssignments();
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.assignError',
+            defaultMessage: '分配用户失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setAssigning(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const updateGroupCoverage = async (groupIDs: number[]) => {
+    if (!groupIDs.length) {
+      setGroupCoverageCount(0);
+      return;
+    }
+    const responses = await Promise.all(
+      groupIDs.map((groupID) =>
+        fetchEnvelope<AdminUserGroupStudentsResponse>(
+          `${userGroupStudentsPath(groupID)}?include_children=true`,
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+    const covered = new Set<number>();
+    responses.forEach((response) => {
+      response.ids?.forEach((id) => {
+        covered.add(id);
+      });
+    });
+    setGroupCoverageCount(covered.size);
+  };
+
+  const removeCandidate = (session: AdminExamSession) => {
+    if (!examID) return;
+    modal.confirm({
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.removeCandidateTitle',
+        defaultMessage: '移除用户',
+      }),
+      content: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.removeCandidateContent',
+        defaultMessage: '仅未开始考试的用户可以移除，确定继续？',
+      }),
+      onOk: async () => {
+        await fetchEnvelope<void>(examCandidatePath(examID, session.user_id), {
+          method: 'DELETE',
+        });
+        loadSessions();
+      },
+    });
+  };
+
+  const openResultDetail = async (record: AdminExamResult) => {
+    setResultDetailOpen(true);
+    setResultDetailLoading(true);
+    try {
+      setResultDetail(
+        await fetchEnvelope<AdminExamResult>(examResultPath(record.id)),
+      );
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.examDetail.resultDetailError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载答卷详情失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setResultDetailLoading(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const sessionColumns: ProColumns<AdminExamSession>[] = [
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.user',
+        defaultMessage: '用户',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'user_id',
+      render: (_, record) => {
+        const user = userMap.get(record.user_id);
+        return user?.display_name || user?.username || record.user_id;
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.status',
+        defaultMessage: '状态',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'status',
+      render: (_, record) => (
+        <Tag color={sessionStatusTone(record.status)}>{record.status}</Tag>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.assignSource',
+        defaultMessage: '来源',
+      }),
+      width: 120,
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        assignmentSourceByUserID.get(record.user_id) ||
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.examDetail.userGroup',
+          defaultMessage: '用户组',
+        }),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.startedAt',
+        defaultMessage: '开始时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'started_at',
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        record.started_at
+          ? dayjs(record.started_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
+          : '-',
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.submittedAt',
+        defaultMessage: '交卷时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'submitted_at',
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        record.submitted_at
+          ? dayjs(record.submitted_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
+          : '-',
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      valueType: 'option',
+      width: 120,
+      render: (_, record) => [
+        <Button
+          key="remove"
+          type="link"
+          danger
+          disabled={!canRemoveCandidate(record)}
+          icon={<DeleteOutlined />}
+          onClick={() => removeCandidate(record)}
+        >
+          {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'common.delete', defaultMessage: '删除' })}
+        </Button>,
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const resultColumns: ProColumns<AdminExamResult>[] = [
+    { title: 'ID', dataIndex: 'id', width: 80 },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.user',
+        defaultMessage: '用户',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'user_id',
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.status',
+        defaultMessage: '状态',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'status',
+      render: (_, record) => (
+        <Tag color={resultStatusTone(record.status)}>{record.status}</Tag>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.score',
+        defaultMessage: '成绩',
+      }),
+      render: (_, record) => formatScore(record.score, record.max_score),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.submittedAt',
+        defaultMessage: '交卷时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'submitted_at',
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        dayjs(record.submitted_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss'),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      valueType: 'option',
+      render: (_, record) => [
+        <Button
+          key="detail"
+          type="link"
+          icon={<EyeOutlined />}
+          onClick={() => openResultDetail(record)}
+        >
+          {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'common.view', defaultMessage: '查看' })}
+        </Button>,
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const eventColumns: ProColumns<AdminClientEvent>[] = [
+    { title: 'ID', dataIndex: 'id', width: 80 },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.user',
+        defaultMessage: '用户',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'user_id',
+    },
+    { title: 'Device', dataIndex: 'device_id' },
+    { title: 'Type', dataIndex: 'event_type' },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.examDetail.createdAt',
+        defaultMessage: '时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'created_at',
+      render: (_, record) =>
+        dayjs(record.created_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss'),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      valueType: 'option',
+      render: (_, record) => [
+        <Button key="detail" type="link" onClick={() => setEventDetail(record)}>
+          {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'common.view', defaultMessage: '查看' })}
+        </Button>,
+      ],
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const questionRows: AdminQuestionResult[] = useMemo(() => {
+    if (!resultDetail) return [];
+    if (resultDetail.sections?.length) {
+      return resultDetail.sections.flatMap(
+        (section) => section.questions || [],
+      );
+    }
+    return resultDetail.questions || [];
+  }, [resultDetail]);
+
+  return (
+    <PageContainer
+      title={
+        exam?.title ||
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.examDetail.title',
+          defaultMessage: '考试详情',
+        })
+      }
+      onBack={() => history.push('/examination/exams')}
+      extra={[
+        <Button key="refresh" icon={<ReloadOutlined />} onClick={refreshAll}>
+          {intl.formatMessage({ id: 'common.refresh', defaultMessage: '刷新' })}
+        </Button>,
+      ]}
+    >
+      <Spin spinning={examLoading}>
+        <Tabs
+          items={[
+            {
+              key: 'overview',
+              label: intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.examDetail.overview',
+                defaultMessage: '概览',
+              }),
+              children: exam ? (
+                <Descriptions bordered column={2}>
+                  <Descriptions.Item label="ID">{exam.id}</Descriptions.Item>
+                  <Descriptions.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.examDetail.status',
+                      defaultMessage: '状态',
+                    })}
+                  >
+                    <Tag color={examStatusTone(exam.status)}>{exam.status}</Tag>
+                  </Descriptions.Item>
+                  <Descriptions.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.examDetail.duration',
+                      defaultMessage: '时长',
+                    })}
+                  >
+                    {exam.duration_minutes} min
+                  </Descriptions.Item>
+                  <Descriptions.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.examDetail.paper',
+                      defaultMessage: '试卷',
+                    })}
+                  >
+                    {exam.paper_id || '-'}
+                  </Descriptions.Item>
+                  <Descriptions.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.examDetail.startTime',
+                      defaultMessage: '开始时间',
+                    })}
+                  >
+                    {exam.start_time
+                      ? dayjs(exam.start_time).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
+                      : '-'}
+                  </Descriptions.Item>
+                  <Descriptions.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.examDetail.endTime',
+                      defaultMessage: '结束时间',
+                    })}
+                  >
+                    {exam.end_time
+                      ? dayjs(exam.end_time).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss')
+                      : '-'}
+                  </Descriptions.Item>
+                  <Descriptions.Item
+                    span={2}
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.examDetail.description',
+                      defaultMessage: '说明',
+                    })}
+                  >
+                    {exam.description || '-'}
+                  </Descriptions.Item>
+                </Descriptions>
+              ) : (
+                <Empty />
+              ),
+            },
+            {
+              key: 'candidates',
+              label: intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.examDetail.candidates',
+                defaultMessage: '用户',
+              }),
+              children: (
+                <ProTable<AdminExamSession>
+                  rowKey="id"
+                  columns={sessionColumns}
+                  dataSource={sessions}
+                  loading={sessionsLoading}
+                  search={false}
+                  pagination={false}
+                  options={{
+                    reload: loadSessions,
+                    density: true,
+                    setting: true,
+                  }}
+                  toolBarRender={() => [
+                    <Button
+                      key="assign"
+                      type="primary"
+                      icon={<PlusOutlined />}
+                      onClick={openAssign}
+                    >
+                      {intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'pages.examDetail.assign',
+                        defaultMessage: '分配用户',
+                      })}
+                    </Button>,
+                  ]}
+                />
+              ),
+            },
+            {
+              key: 'results',
+              label: intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.examDetail.results',
+                defaultMessage: '答卷',
+              }),
+              children: (
+                <ProTable<AdminExamResult>
+                  rowKey="id"
+                  columns={resultColumns}
+                  dataSource={results}
+                  loading={resultsLoading}
+                  search={false}
+                  pagination={{ total: resultsTotal, pageSize: 20 }}
+                  options={{
+                    reload: loadResults,
+                    density: true,
+                    setting: true,
+                  }}
+                />
+              ),
+            },
+            {
+              key: 'events',
+              label: intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.examDetail.events',
+                defaultMessage: '审计事件',
+              }),
+              children: (
+                <ProTable<AdminClientEvent>
+                  rowKey="id"
+                  columns={eventColumns}
+                  dataSource={events}
+                  loading={eventsLoading}
+                  search={false}
+                  pagination={{ total: eventsTotal, pageSize: 20 }}
+                  options={{ reload: loadEvents, density: true, setting: true }}
+                />
+              ),
+            },
+          ]}
+        />
+      </Spin>
+      <Modal
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.examDetail.assign',
+          defaultMessage: '分配用户',
+        })}
+        width={640}
+        open={assignOpen}
+        confirmLoading={assigning}
+        onCancel={() => setAssignOpen(false)}
+        onOk={assignCandidates}
+      >
+        <div style={{ display: 'grid', gap: 14 }}>
+          <Segmented
+            block
+            value={assignMode}
+            onChange={(value) => setAssignMode(value as 'users' | 'groups')}
+            options={[
+              {
+                label: intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.examDetail.assignByUser',
+                  defaultMessage: '按用户',
+                }),
+                value: 'users',
+              },
+              {
+                label: intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.examDetail.assignByGroup',
+                  defaultMessage: '按用户组',
+                }),
+                value: 'groups',
+              },
+            ]}
+          />
+          {assignMode === 'users' ? (
+            <Select
+              mode="multiple"
+              showSearch
+              allowClear
+              style={{ width: '100%' }}
+              options={userOptions}
+              value={selectedUserIDs}
+              onChange={setSelectedUserIDs}
+              optionFilterProp="label"
+              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.examDetail.assignPlaceholder',
+                defaultMessage: '选择未分配用户',
+              })}
+            />
+          ) : (
+            <div style={{ maxHeight: 320, overflow: 'auto' }}>
+              <Tree
+                checkable
+                checkStrictly
+                defaultExpandAll
+                treeData={toTreeData(userGroups)}
+                checkedKeys={selectedGroupIDs.map(String)}
+                onCheck={(checked) => {
+                  const keys = Array.isArray(checked)
+                    ? checked
+                    : checked.checked;
+                  const ids = keys.map((key) => Number(key));
+                  setSelectedGroupIDs(ids);
+                  updateGroupCoverage(ids).catch(() =>
+                    setGroupCoverageCount(0),
+                  );
+                }}
+              />
+              <Text type="secondary">
+                {intl.formatMessage(
+                  {
+                    id: 'pages.examDetail.groupCoverage',
+                    defaultMessage: '预计覆盖 {count} 名用户',
+                  },
+                  { count: groupCoverageCount },
+                )}
+              </Text>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      </Modal>
+      <Drawer
+        size="large"
+        open={resultDetailOpen}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.examDetail.resultDetail',
+          defaultMessage: '答卷详情',
+        })}
+        onClose={() => setResultDetailOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <Spin spinning={resultDetailLoading}>
+          {resultDetail && (
+            <Space direction="vertical" size={16} style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+              <Descriptions bordered size="small" column={2}>
+                <Descriptions.Item label="ID">
+                  {resultDetail.id}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item
+                  label={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.examDetail.user',
+                    defaultMessage: '用户',
+                  })}
+                >
+                  {resultDetail.user_id}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item
+                  label={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.examDetail.status',
+                    defaultMessage: '状态',
+                  })}
+                >
+                  <Tag color={resultStatusTone(resultDetail.status)}>
+                    {resultDetail.status}
+                  </Tag>
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+                <Descriptions.Item
+                  label={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.examDetail.score',
+                    defaultMessage: '成绩',
+                  })}
+                >
+                  {formatScore(resultDetail.score, resultDetail.max_score)}
+                </Descriptions.Item>
+              </Descriptions>
+              <Table<AdminQuestionResult>
+                rowKey="id"
+                size="small"
+                pagination={false}
+                dataSource={questionRows}
+                columns={[
+                  { title: 'Question', dataIndex: 'question_id', width: 100 },
+                  { title: 'Type', dataIndex: 'type', width: 140 },
+                  {
+                    title: 'Status',
+                    dataIndex: 'status',
+                    render: (status) => <Tag>{status}</Tag>,
+                  },
+                  {
+                    title: 'Score',
+                    render: (_, row) => formatScore(row.score, row.max_score),
+                  },
+                  {
+                    title: 'Result',
+                    render: (_, row) =>
+                      row.result ? (
+                        <Text code>{JSON.stringify(row.result)}</Text>
+                      ) : (
+                        '-'
+                      ),
+                  },
+                ]}
+              />
+            </Space>
+          )}
+        </Spin>
+      </Drawer>
+      <Drawer
+        size={520}
+        open={!!eventDetail}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.examDetail.eventDetail',
+          defaultMessage: '事件详情',
+        })}
+        onClose={() => setEventDetail(null)}
+      >
+        {eventDetail && (
+          <Descriptions bordered size="small" column={1}>
+            <Descriptions.Item label="ID">{eventDetail.id}</Descriptions.Item>
+            <Descriptions.Item label="User">
+              {eventDetail.user_id}
+            </Descriptions.Item>
+            <Descriptions.Item label="Device">
+              {eventDetail.device_id || '-'}
+            </Descriptions.Item>
+            <Descriptions.Item label="Type">
+              {eventDetail.event_type}
+            </Descriptions.Item>
+            <Descriptions.Item label="Payload">
+              <Text code>{JSON.stringify(eventDetail.payload)}</Text>
+            </Descriptions.Item>
+          </Descriptions>
+        )}
+      </Drawer>
+    </PageContainer>
+  );
+};
+
+const ExamDetail: React.FC = () => (
+  <AntdApp>
+    <ExamDetailContent />
+  </AntdApp>
+);
+
+export default ExamDetail;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/model.test.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/model.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f79114
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/model.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import type { AdminExamSession } from '@examora/types';
+import { canRemoveCandidate, examStatusTone, sessionStatusTone } from './model';
+
+describe('ExamDetail model', () => {
+  it('maps session statuses to tag tones', () => {
+    expect(sessionStatusTone('NOT_STARTED')).toBe('default');
+    expect(sessionStatusTone('IN_PROGRESS')).toBe('processing');
+    expect(sessionStatusTone('SUBMITTED')).toBe('success');
+    expect(sessionStatusTone('EXPIRED')).toBe('warning');
+  });
+
+  it('maps exam statuses to tag tones', () => {
+    expect(examStatusTone('DRAFT')).toBe('default');
+    expect(examStatusTone('PUBLISHED')).toBe('processing');
+    expect(examStatusTone('RUNNING')).toBe('success');
+    expect(examStatusTone('CLOSED')).toBe('warning');
+  });
+
+  it('only allows removing candidates before they start', () => {
+    expect(
+      canRemoveCandidate({ status: 'NOT_STARTED' } as AdminExamSession),
+    ).toBe(true);
+    expect(
+      canRemoveCandidate({ status: 'IN_PROGRESS' } as AdminExamSession),
+    ).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/model.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/model.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ccaf73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamDetail/model.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import type {
+  AdminExamSession,
+  ExamSessionStatus,
+  ExamStatus,
+} from '@examora/types';
+
+export const examDetailPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}`;
+
+export const examSessionsPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/sessions`;
+
+export const examCandidatesPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/candidates`;
+
+export const examCandidatePath = (
+  examID: number | string,
+  userID: number | string,
+) => `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/candidates/${userID}`;
+
+export const examAssignmentsPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/assignments`;
+
+export const examEventsPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/events`;
+
+export const examResultsPath = (examID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/results`;
+
+export const examResultPath = (resultID: number | string) =>
+  `/api/v1/exam-results/${resultID}`;
+
+export const sessionStatusTone = (
+  status: ExamSessionStatus,
+): 'default' | 'processing' | 'success' | 'warning' => {
+  if (status === 'IN_PROGRESS') return 'processing';
+  if (status === 'SUBMITTED') return 'success';
+  if (status === 'EXPIRED') return 'warning';
+  return 'default';
+};
+
+export const examStatusTone = (
+  status: ExamStatus,
+): 'default' | 'processing' | 'success' | 'warning' => {
+  if (status === 'PUBLISHED') return 'processing';
+  if (status === 'RUNNING') return 'success';
+  if (status === 'CLOSED' || status === 'ARCHIVED') return 'warning';
+  return 'default';
+};
+
+export const canRemoveCandidate = (session: Pick<AdminExamSession, 'status'>) =>
+  session.status === 'NOT_STARTED';
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1be1502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+import { ArrowLeftOutlined, SaveOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import { PageContainer } from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type {
+  AdminExam,
+  AdminPaper,
+  AdminPaperPageResponse,
+} from '@examora/types';
+import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
+import { history, request, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
+import {
+  Alert,
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Card,
+  Form,
+  Input,
+  InputNumber,
+  Select,
+  Space,
+  Spin,
+  Tag,
+} from 'antd';
+import React, { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
+import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import {
+  buildExamPayload,
+  canEditExam,
+  type ExamFormValues,
+  paperOptionLabel,
+} from './model';
+
+const ExamFormContent: React.FC = () => {
+  const intl = useIntl();
+  const { message } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const [form] = Form.useForm<ExamFormValues>();
+  const [exam, setExam] = useState<AdminExam | null>(null);
+  const [papers, setPapers] = useState<AdminPaper[]>([]);
+  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const pathParts = window.location.pathname.split('/');
+  const isEdit = pathParts[pathParts.length - 1] === 'edit';
+  const examId = isEdit ? pathParts[pathParts.length - 2] : undefined;
+
+  const title = intl.formatMessage({
+    id: isEdit ? 'pages.exams.editTitle' : 'pages.exams.createTitle',
+    defaultMessage: isEdit ? '编辑考试' : '创建考试',
+  });
+
+  const paperOptions = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      papers.map((paper) => ({
+        label: paperOptionLabel(paper),
+        value: paper.id,
+      })),
+    [papers],
+  );
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    let mounted = true;
+    setLoading(true);
+    const papersRequest = request<{
+      code: number;
+      data: AdminPaperPageResponse;
+    }>(API_PATHS.admin.papers, {
+      method: 'GET',
+      skipErrorHandler: true,
+      params: { page: 1, page_size: 100 },
+    });
+    const examRequest = examId
+      ? request<{ code: number; data: AdminExam }>(
+          API_PATHS.admin.exam(examId),
+          {
+            method: 'GET',
+            skipErrorHandler: true,
+          },
+        )
+      : Promise.resolve(null);
+
+    Promise.all([papersRequest, examRequest])
+      .then(([paperResponse, examResponse]) => {
+        if (!mounted) return;
+        setPapers(paperResponse.data?.items || []);
+        const loadedExam = examResponse?.data;
+        if (loadedExam) {
+          setExam(loadedExam);
+          form.setFieldsValue({
+            title: loadedExam.title,
+            description: loadedExam.description,
+            paper_id: loadedExam.paper_id || undefined,
+            duration_minutes: loadedExam.duration_minutes || 60,
+          });
+        } else {
+          form.setFieldsValue({ duration_minutes: 60 });
+        }
+      })
+      .catch((error) =>
+        message.error(
+          requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+            intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.exams.form.loadError',
+              defaultMessage: '加载考试配置失败',
+            }),
+        ),
+      )
+      .finally(() => {
+        if (mounted) setLoading(false);
+      });
+
+    return () => {
+      mounted = false;
+    };
+  }, [examId, form, intl, message]);
+
+  const handleSubmit = async () => {
+    const values = await form.validateFields();
+    const payload = buildExamPayload(values);
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      await request(
+        examId ? API_PATHS.admin.exam(examId) : API_PATHS.admin.exams,
+        {
+          method: examId ? 'PUT' : 'POST',
+          data: payload,
+          skipErrorHandler: true,
+        },
+      );
+      message.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.exams.form.saveSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '考试已保存',
+        }),
+      );
+      history.push('/examination/exams');
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.exams.form.saveError',
+            defaultMessage: '保存考试失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const editable = canEditExam(exam);
+
+  return (
+    <PageContainer
+      title={title}
+      onBack={() => history.push('/examination/exams')}
+      content={intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.exams.form.description',
+        defaultMessage: '配置考试基本信息并绑定试卷，保存后可在考试列表发布。',
+      })}
+      extra={
+        exam ? (
+          <Tag color={editable ? 'default' : 'green'}>{exam.status}</Tag>
+        ) : null
+      }
+    >
+      <Spin spinning={loading}>
+        <Card>
+          <Form<ExamFormValues>
+            form={form}
+            layout="vertical"
+            disabled={!editable}
+            onFinish={handleSubmit}
+          >
+            {!editable && (
+              <Alert
+                style={{ marginBottom: 16 }}
+                type="info"
+                showIcon
+                message={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.exams.form.readonlyHint',
+                  defaultMessage: '已发布或已结束考试不可编辑基础配置。',
+                })}
+              />
+            )}
+            <Form.Item
+              name="title"
+              label={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.exams.form.title',
+                defaultMessage: '考试名称',
+              })}
+              rules={[
+                {
+                  required: true,
+                  message: intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.exams.form.titleRequired',
+                    defaultMessage: '请输入考试名称',
+                  }),
+                },
+              ]}
+            >
+              <Input maxLength={120} />
+            </Form.Item>
+            <Form.Item
+              name="description"
+              label={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.exams.form.descriptionField',
+                defaultMessage: '考试说明',
+              })}
+            >
+              <Input.TextArea rows={4} maxLength={1000} showCount />
+            </Form.Item>
+            <Form.Item
+              name="paper_id"
+              label={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.exams.form.paper',
+                defaultMessage: '关联试卷',
+              })}
+              rules={[
+                {
+                  required: true,
+                  message: intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.exams.form.paperRequired',
+                    defaultMessage: '请选择试卷',
+                  }),
+                },
+              ]}
+            >
+              <Select
+                showSearch
+                optionFilterProp="label"
+                options={paperOptions}
+                placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.exams.form.paperPlaceholder',
+                  defaultMessage: '选择一份试卷',
+                })}
+              />
+            </Form.Item>
+            <Form.Item
+              name="duration_minutes"
+              label={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.exams.form.duration',
+                defaultMessage: '默认时长(分钟)',
+              })}
+              rules={[
+                {
+                  required: true,
+                  message: intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.exams.form.durationRequired',
+                    defaultMessage: '请输入考试时长',
+                  }),
+                },
+              ]}
+            >
+              <InputNumber min={1} max={1440} style={{ width: 240 }} />
+            </Form.Item>
+            <Form.Item>
+              <Space>
+                <Button
+                  icon={<ArrowLeftOutlined />}
+                  onClick={() => history.push('/examination/exams')}
+                >
+                  {intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'common.cancel',
+                    defaultMessage: '取消',
+                  })}
+                </Button>
+                <Button
+                  type="primary"
+                  icon={<SaveOutlined />}
+                  loading={saving}
+                  htmlType="submit"
+                  disabled={!editable}
+                >
+                  {intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'common.save',
+                    defaultMessage: '保存',
+                  })}
+                </Button>
+              </Space>
+            </Form.Item>
+          </Form>
+        </Card>
+      </Spin>
+    </PageContainer>
+  );
+};
+
+const ExamForm: React.FC = () => (
+  <AntdApp>
+    <ExamFormContent />
+  </AntdApp>
+);
+
+export default ExamForm;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/model.test.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/model.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8347652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/model.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import type { AdminExam, AdminPaper } from '@examora/types';
+import { buildExamPayload, canEditExam, paperOptionLabel } from './model';
+
+const paper: AdminPaper = {
+  id: 7,
+  title: 'Backend Basics',
+  description: 'Backend exam paper',
+  status: 'PUBLISHED',
+  created_by: 1,
+  created_at: '2026-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+  updated_at: '2026-01-01T00:00:00Z',
+  question_count: 12,
+  total_score: 100,
+};
+
+describe('exam form model', () => {
+  test('builds a draft exam payload with the selected paper', () => {
+    expect(
+      buildExamPayload({
+        title: '  Midterm Exam  ',
+        description: '  Chapter 1-3  ',
+        paper_id: 7,
+        duration_minutes: 90,
+      }),
+    ).toEqual({
+      title: 'Midterm Exam',
+      description: 'Chapter 1-3',
+      paper_id: 7,
+      status: 'DRAFT',
+      duration_minutes: 90,
+    });
+  });
+
+  test('formats paper option labels with count and score', () => {
+    expect(paperOptionLabel(paper)).toBe(
+      'Backend Basics - 12 questions / 100 pts',
+    );
+  });
+
+  test('allows editing only draft exams', () => {
+    const draft = { status: 'DRAFT' } as AdminExam;
+    const published = { status: 'PUBLISHED' } as AdminExam;
+
+    expect(canEditExam(draft)).toBe(true);
+    expect(canEditExam(published)).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/model.ts b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/model.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13259cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamForm/model.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import type { AdminExam, AdminPaper, SaveExamPayload } from '@examora/types';
+
+export interface ExamFormValues {
+  title: string;
+  description?: string;
+  paper_id: number;
+  duration_minutes: number;
+}
+
+export const buildExamPayload = (values: ExamFormValues): SaveExamPayload => ({
+  title: values.title.trim(),
+  description: (values.description || '').trim(),
+  paper_id: values.paper_id,
+  status: 'DRAFT',
+  duration_minutes: values.duration_minutes,
+});
+
+export const paperOptionLabel = (paper: AdminPaper) => {
+  const questionCount = paper.question_count ?? 0;
+  const totalScore = paper.total_score ?? 0;
+  return `${paper.title} - ${questionCount} questions / ${totalScore} pts`;
+};
+
+export const canEditExam = (exam?: Pick<AdminExam, 'status'> | null) =>
+  !exam || exam.status === 'DRAFT';
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.less b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.less
index 1b8ca34..04b4f66 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.less
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.less
@@ -5,3 +5,16 @@
   min-width: 64px;
   text-align: left;
 }
+
+.exam-create-grid {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 2fr) minmax(180px, 1fr);
+  gap: 16px;
+}
+
+@media (max-width: 640px) {
+  .exam-create-grid {
+    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
+    gap: 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.tsx
index 5a0ceeb..c996107 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Examination/ExamList/index.tsx
@@ -6,13 +6,30 @@ import {
   type ProColumns,
   ProTable,
 } from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type { AdminPaper, AdminPaperPageResponse } from '@examora/types';
 import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
 import { history, request, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
-import { App as AntdApp, Button, Dropdown, Space, Tag } from 'antd';
+import {
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Dropdown,
+  Form,
+  Input,
+  InputNumber,
+  Modal,
+  Select,
+  Space,
+  Tag,
+} from 'antd';
 import dayjs from 'dayjs';
 import React, { useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import type { BatchActionResult } from '@/utils/request';
 import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import {
+  buildExamPayload,
+  type ExamFormValues,
+  paperOptionLabel,
+} from '../ExamForm/model';
 import './index.less';
 
 interface Exam {
@@ -46,8 +63,13 @@ const statusColors: Record<string, string> = {
 const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
   const intl = useIntl();
   const { message, modal } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const [createForm] = Form.useForm<ExamFormValues>();
   const actionRef = useRef<ActionType>(null);
   const [selectedRows, setSelectedRows] = useState<Exam[]>([]);
+  const [createOpen, setCreateOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [creating, setCreating] = useState(false);
+  const [papersLoading, setPapersLoading] = useState(false);
+  const [papers, setPapers] = useState<AdminPaper[]>([]);
 
   const statusLabelMap: Record<string, string> = useMemo(
     () => ({
@@ -90,6 +112,77 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
     ['PUBLISHED', 'RUNNING'].includes(record.status),
   );
 
+  const paperOptions = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      papers.map((paper) => ({
+        label: paperOptionLabel(paper),
+        value: paper.id,
+      })),
+    [papers],
+  );
+
+  const loadPapers = async () => {
+    setPapersLoading(true);
+    try {
+      const response = await request<{
+        code: number;
+        data: AdminPaperPageResponse;
+      }>(API_PATHS.admin.papers, {
+        method: 'GET',
+        skipErrorHandler: true,
+        params: { page: 1, page_size: 100 },
+      });
+      setPapers(response.data?.items || []);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.exams.form.loadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载考试配置失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setPapersLoading(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const openCreateModal = () => {
+    createForm.resetFields();
+    createForm.setFieldsValue({ duration_minutes: 60 });
+    setCreateOpen(true);
+    loadPapers();
+  };
+
+  const createExam = async () => {
+    const values = await createForm.validateFields();
+    setCreating(true);
+    try {
+      await request(API_PATHS.admin.exams, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        skipErrorHandler: true,
+        data: buildExamPayload(values),
+      });
+      message.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.exams.createSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '考试已创建',
+        }),
+      );
+      setCreateOpen(false);
+      actionRef.current?.reload();
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.exams.createError',
+            defaultMessage: '创建考试失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setCreating(false);
+    }
+  };
+
   const showBatchResult = (result?: BatchActionResult) => {
     if (!result) {
       return;
@@ -292,6 +385,15 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
                 <Dropdown
                   menu={{
                     items: [
+                      {
+                        key: 'detail',
+                        label: intl.formatMessage({
+                          id: 'common.view',
+                          defaultMessage: '查看',
+                        }),
+                        onClick: () =>
+                          history.push(`/examination/exams/${record.id}`),
+                      },
                       {
                         key: 'publish',
                         label: intl.formatMessage({
@@ -303,6 +405,15 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
                             `/examination/exams/${record.id}/publish`,
                           ),
                       },
+                      {
+                        key: 'edit',
+                        label: intl.formatMessage({
+                          id: 'pages.exams.edit',
+                          defaultMessage: '编辑',
+                        }),
+                        onClick: () =>
+                          history.push(`/examination/exams/${record.id}/edit`),
+                      },
                     ],
                   }}
                   trigger={['click']}
@@ -319,7 +430,18 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
                 </Dropdown>
               </div>,
             ]
-          : [],
+          : [
+              <Button
+                key="detail"
+                type="link"
+                onClick={() => history.push(`/examination/exams/${record.id}`)}
+              >
+                {intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'common.view',
+                  defaultMessage: '查看',
+                })}
+              </Button>,
+            ],
     },
   ];
 
@@ -332,7 +454,7 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
       content={intl.formatMessage({
         id: 'pages.exams.description',
         defaultMessage:
-          '创建和管理考试，设置考试时间、时长和参与考生，支持线上监考。',
+          '创建和管理考试，设置考试时间、时长和参与用户，支持线上监考。',
       })}
     >
       <ProTable<Exam>
@@ -398,7 +520,7 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
             key="create"
             type="primary"
             icon={<PlusOutlined />}
-            onClick={() => history.push('/examination/exams/create')}
+            onClick={openCreateModal}
           >
             {intl.formatMessage({
               id: 'pages.exams.create',
@@ -407,6 +529,123 @@ const ExamListContent: React.FC = () => {
           </Button>,
         ]}
       />
+      <Modal
+        width={640}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.exams.create',
+          defaultMessage: '创建考试',
+        })}
+        open={createOpen}
+        okText={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.exams.create',
+          defaultMessage: '创建考试',
+        })}
+        cancelText={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'common.cancel',
+          defaultMessage: '取消',
+        })}
+        confirmLoading={creating}
+        destroyOnHidden
+        onOk={createExam}
+        onCancel={() => setCreateOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <Form<ExamFormValues> form={createForm} layout="vertical">
+          <Form.Item
+            name="title"
+            label={intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.exams.form.title',
+              defaultMessage: '考试名称',
+            })}
+            rules={[
+              {
+                required: true,
+                whitespace: true,
+                message: intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.exams.form.titleRequired',
+                  defaultMessage: '请输入考试名称',
+                }),
+              },
+            ]}
+          >
+            <Input maxLength={120} />
+          </Form.Item>
+          <div className="exam-create-grid">
+            <Form.Item
+              name="paper_id"
+              label={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.exams.form.paper',
+                defaultMessage: '关联试卷',
+              })}
+              rules={[
+                {
+                  required: true,
+                  message: intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.exams.form.paperRequired',
+                    defaultMessage: '请选择试卷',
+                  }),
+                },
+              ]}
+            >
+              <Select
+                loading={papersLoading}
+                options={paperOptions}
+                optionFilterProp="label"
+                showSearch
+                placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.exams.form.paperPlaceholder',
+                  defaultMessage: '选择一份试卷',
+                })}
+              />
+            </Form.Item>
+            <Form.Item
+              label={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.exams.form.duration',
+                defaultMessage: '默认时长(分钟)',
+              })}
+              required
+            >
+              <Space.Compact style={{ width: '100%' }}>
+                <Form.Item
+                  name="duration_minutes"
+                  noStyle
+                  rules={[
+                    {
+                      required: true,
+                      message: intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'pages.exams.form.durationRequired',
+                        defaultMessage: '请输入考试时长',
+                      }),
+                    },
+                  ]}
+                >
+                  <InputNumber min={1} max={1440} style={{ width: '100%' }} />
+                </Form.Item>
+                <Input
+                  aria-label={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.exams.form.durationUnit',
+                    defaultMessage: '分钟',
+                  })}
+                  disabled
+                  value={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.exams.form.durationUnit',
+                    defaultMessage: '分钟',
+                  })}
+                  style={{ width: 56 }}
+                />
+              </Space.Compact>
+            </Form.Item>
+          </div>
+          <Form.Item
+            name="description"
+            label={intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.exams.form.descriptionField',
+              defaultMessage: '考试说明',
+            })}
+          >
+            <Input.TextArea rows={3} maxLength={1000} showCount />
+          </Form.Item>
+        </Form>
+      </Modal>
       {selectedRows.length > 0 && (
         <FooterToolbar
           extra={intl.formatMessage(
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/Detail/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/Detail/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad6c8bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/Detail/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+import {
+  DeleteOutlined,
+  PlusOutlined,
+  ReloadOutlined,
+  SearchOutlined,
+} from '@ant-design/icons';
+import {
+  type ActionType,
+  PageContainer,
+  type ProColumns,
+  ProTable,
+} from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type {
+  AdminExamAssignment,
+  AdminUser,
+  AdminUserGroup,
+  AdminUserGroupMember,
+} from '@examora/types';
+import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
+import { history, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
+import {
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Form,
+  Input,
+  Modal,
+  Tabs,
+  Tag,
+  Typography,
+} from 'antd';
+import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import React, { useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { fetchEnvelope } from '@/utils/apiEnvelope';
+import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import '../index.less';
+
+const { Text } = Typography;
+
+interface GroupFormValues {
+  name: string;
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+const queryString = (
+  params: Record<string, string | number | boolean | undefined>,
+) => {
+  const search = new URLSearchParams();
+  Object.entries(params).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+    if (value !== undefined && value !== '') {
+      search.set(key, String(value));
+    }
+  });
+  return search.toString();
+};
+
+const UserGroupDetailContent: React.FC = () => {
+  const intl = useIntl();
+  const groupID = Number(
+    window.location.pathname.split('/').filter(Boolean).at(-1),
+  );
+  const { message, modal } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const memberActionRef = useRef<ActionType>(null);
+  const userActionRef = useRef<ActionType>(null);
+  const [form] = Form.useForm<GroupFormValues>();
+  const [group, setGroup] = useState<AdminUserGroup | null>(null);
+  const [assignments, setAssignments] = useState<AdminExamAssignment[]>([]);
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+  const [basicDirty, setBasicDirty] = useState(false);
+  const [memberKeywordInput, setMemberKeywordInput] = useState('');
+  const [memberKeyword, setMemberKeyword] = useState('');
+  const [assignmentKeywordInput, setAssignmentKeywordInput] = useState('');
+  const [assignmentKeyword, setAssignmentKeyword] = useState('');
+  const [memberModalOpen, setMemberModalOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [selectedUserIDs, setSelectedUserIDs] = useState<number[]>([]);
+
+  const loadGroup = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<AdminUserGroup>(
+        API_PATHS.admin.userGroup(groupID),
+      );
+      setGroup(data);
+      form.setFieldsValue({
+        name: data.name,
+        description: data.description,
+      });
+      setBasicDirty(false);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.loadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载用户组失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    }
+  }, [form, groupID, intl, message]);
+
+  const loadAssignments = React.useCallback(async () => {
+    try {
+      const data = await fetchEnvelope<{ items: AdminExamAssignment[] }>(
+        API_PATHS.admin.userGroupExamAssignments(groupID),
+      );
+      setAssignments(data.items || []);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.examLoadError',
+            defaultMessage: '加载考试失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    }
+  }, [groupID, intl, message]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (!Number.isFinite(groupID)) return;
+    loadGroup();
+    loadAssignments();
+  }, [groupID, loadAssignments, loadGroup]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    memberActionRef.current?.reloadAndRest?.();
+  }, [memberKeyword]);
+
+  const searchMembers = () => {
+    const nextKeyword = memberKeywordInput.trim();
+    if (nextKeyword === memberKeyword) {
+      memberActionRef.current?.reloadAndRest?.();
+      return;
+    }
+    setMemberKeyword(nextKeyword);
+  };
+
+  const searchAssignments = () => {
+    setAssignmentKeyword(assignmentKeywordInput.trim());
+  };
+
+  const saveGroup = async () => {
+    const values = await form.validateFields();
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      await fetchEnvelope(API_PATHS.admin.userGroup(groupID), {
+        method: 'PUT',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          name: values.name,
+          description: values.description || '',
+        }),
+      });
+      message.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.saveSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '用户组已保存',
+        }),
+      );
+      await loadGroup();
+      setBasicDirty(false);
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.saveError',
+            defaultMessage: '保存用户组失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const addMembers = async () => {
+    if (selectedUserIDs.length === 0) return;
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      await fetchEnvelope(API_PATHS.admin.userGroupMembers(groupID), {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ ids: selectedUserIDs }),
+      });
+      message.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.addMemberSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '用户已加入用户组',
+        }),
+      );
+      setMemberModalOpen(false);
+      setSelectedUserIDs([]);
+      memberActionRef.current?.reload();
+      await loadGroup();
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.addMemberError',
+            defaultMessage: '添加用户失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const removeMember = (user: AdminUser) => {
+    modal.confirm({
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberTitle',
+        defaultMessage: '移出用户',
+      }),
+      content: intl.formatMessage(
+        {
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberContent',
+          defaultMessage: '确定将「{name}」移出当前用户组吗？',
+        },
+        { name: user.display_name || user.username },
+      ),
+      okType: 'danger',
+      onOk: async () => {
+        try {
+          await fetchEnvelope(
+            API_PATHS.admin.userGroupMember(groupID, user.id),
+            {
+              method: 'DELETE',
+            },
+          );
+          memberActionRef.current?.reload();
+          await loadGroup();
+        } catch (error) {
+          message.error(
+            requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+              intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.removeMemberError',
+                defaultMessage: '移出用户失败',
+              }),
+          );
+          return Promise.resolve();
+        }
+      },
+    });
+  };
+
+  const memberColumns: ProColumns<AdminUserGroupMember>[] = [
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.user',
+        defaultMessage: '用户',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: ['user', 'username'],
+      width: 300,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, item) => (
+        <div className="user-group-name-cell">
+          <div className="user-group-avatar">
+            {(item.user.display_name || item.user.username)
+              .charAt(0)
+              .toUpperCase()}
+          </div>
+          <div className="user-group-name-main">
+            <Text strong ellipsis>
+              {item.user.display_name || item.user.username}
+            </Text>
+            <Text type="secondary" ellipsis>
+              {item.user.email || item.user.username}
+            </Text>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.role',
+        defaultMessage: '角色',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: ['user', 'role'],
+      width: 110,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, item) => <Tag>{item.user.role}</Tag>,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.source',
+        defaultMessage: '来源',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'direct',
+      width: 140,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, item) =>
+        item.direct ? (
+          <Tag color="green">
+            {intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.directMember',
+              defaultMessage: '直接成员',
+            })}
+          </Tag>
+        ) : (
+          <Tag>
+            {intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.inheritedMember',
+              defaultMessage: '继承成员',
+            })}
+          </Tag>
+        ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.joinedAt',
+        defaultMessage: '加入时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'created_at',
+      width: 170,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, item) => dayjs(item.created_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm'),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      width: 90,
+      fixed: 'right',
+      search: false,
+      hideInSetting: true,
+      render: (_, item) =>
+        item.direct ? (
+          <Button
+            danger
+            type="link"
+            size="small"
+            icon={<DeleteOutlined />}
+            disabled={group?.source !== 'LOCAL'}
+            onClick={() => removeMember(item.user)}
+          >
+            {intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.remove',
+              defaultMessage: '移出',
+            })}
+          </Button>
+        ) : (
+          '-'
+        ),
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const userColumns: ProColumns<AdminUser>[] = [
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.keyword',
+        defaultMessage: '关键词',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'keyword',
+      hideInTable: true,
+      fieldProps: {
+        allowClear: true,
+        placeholder: intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.userSearchPlaceholder',
+          defaultMessage: '搜索用户名、邮箱',
+        }),
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.user',
+        defaultMessage: '用户',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'username',
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, user) => (
+        <div className="user-group-name-main">
+          <Text>{user.display_name || user.username}</Text>
+          <Text type="secondary">{user.email || user.username}</Text>
+        </div>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.role',
+        defaultMessage: '角色',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'role',
+      width: 120,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, user) => <Tag>{user.role}</Tag>,
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const assignmentColumns: ProColumns<AdminExamAssignment>[] = [
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.examId',
+        defaultMessage: '考试 ID',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'exam_id',
+      width: 120,
+      render: (_, item) => (
+        <Button
+          type="link"
+          onClick={() => history.push(`/examination/exams/${item.exam_id}`)}
+        >
+          {item.exam_id}
+        </Button>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.type',
+        defaultMessage: '类型',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'target_type',
+      render: () => (
+        <Tag color="blue">
+          {intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.name',
+            defaultMessage: '用户组',
+          })}
+        </Tag>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.time',
+        defaultMessage: '时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'created_at',
+      render: (_, item) => dayjs(item.created_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm'),
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const filteredAssignments = assignmentKeyword
+    ? assignments.filter((item) =>
+        String(item.exam_id).includes(assignmentKeyword),
+      )
+    : assignments;
+
+  return (
+    <PageContainer
+      title={
+        group?.name ||
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.title',
+          defaultMessage: '用户组详情',
+        })
+      }
+      onBack={() => history.push('/system/settings/user-groups')}
+      content={
+        group ? (
+          <div className="user-group-header-meta">
+            <Tag color={group.source === 'LOCAL' ? 'green' : 'blue'}>
+              {group.source}
+            </Tag>
+            {group.source !== 'LOCAL' && (
+              <Tag>
+                {intl.formatMessage(
+                  {
+                    id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.syncMode',
+                    defaultMessage: '同步 {mode}',
+                  },
+                  { mode: group.sync_mode },
+                )}
+              </Tag>
+            )}
+            <Tag>
+              {intl.formatMessage(
+                {
+                  id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.memberCount',
+                  defaultMessage: '成员 {count}',
+                },
+                { count: group.member_count || 0 },
+              )}
+            </Tag>
+            <Tag>
+              {intl.formatMessage(
+                {
+                  id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.examCount',
+                  defaultMessage: '考试 {count}',
+                },
+                { count: assignments.length },
+              )}
+            </Tag>
+          </div>
+        ) : null
+      }
+      extra={[
+        <Button key="reload" icon={<ReloadOutlined />} onClick={loadGroup}>
+          {intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'common.refresh',
+            defaultMessage: '刷新',
+          })}
+        </Button>,
+      ]}
+    >
+      <Tabs
+        className="user-group-detail-tabs"
+        items={[
+          {
+            key: 'basic',
+            label: intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.basic',
+              defaultMessage: '基础信息',
+            }),
+            forceRender: true,
+            children: group ? (
+              <div className="user-group-basic">
+                {basicDirty && (
+                  <div className="user-group-basic-actions">
+                    <Button type="primary" loading={saving} onClick={saveGroup}>
+                      {intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'common.save',
+                        defaultMessage: '保存',
+                      })}
+                    </Button>
+                  </div>
+                )}
+                <Form
+                  form={form}
+                  layout="vertical"
+                  disabled={group.source !== 'LOCAL'}
+                  onValuesChange={() => setBasicDirty(true)}
+                >
+                  <Form.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.userGroups.form.name',
+                      defaultMessage: '名称',
+                    })}
+                    name="name"
+                    rules={[
+                      {
+                        required: true,
+                        message: intl.formatMessage({
+                          id: 'pages.userGroups.form.nameRequired',
+                          defaultMessage: '请输入用户组名称',
+                        }),
+                      },
+                    ]}
+                  >
+                    <Input />
+                  </Form.Item>
+                  <Form.Item
+                    label={intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.userGroups.form.description',
+                      defaultMessage: '说明',
+                    })}
+                    name="description"
+                  >
+                    <Input.TextArea rows={3} />
+                  </Form.Item>
+                </Form>
+                <div className="user-group-basic-meta">
+                  <Text type="secondary">
+                    {intl.formatMessage(
+                      {
+                        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.createdAtMeta',
+                        defaultMessage: '创建时间 {time}',
+                      },
+                      {
+                        time: dayjs(group.created_at).format(
+                          'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm',
+                        ),
+                      },
+                    )}
+                  </Text>
+                  <Text type="secondary">
+                    {intl.formatMessage(
+                      {
+                        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.updatedAtMeta',
+                        defaultMessage: '更新时间 {time}',
+                      },
+                      {
+                        time: dayjs(group.updated_at).format(
+                          'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm',
+                        ),
+                      },
+                    )}
+                  </Text>
+                </div>
+              </div>
+            ) : null,
+          },
+          {
+            key: 'members',
+            label: intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.members',
+              defaultMessage: '成员',
+            }),
+            children: (
+              <ProTable<AdminUserGroupMember>
+                className="user-group-detail-table"
+                actionRef={memberActionRef}
+                columns={memberColumns}
+                rowKey={(item) => `${item.user_group_id}-${item.user.id}`}
+                request={async ({ current, pageSize }) => {
+                  const params = queryString({
+                    page: current || 1,
+                    page_size: pageSize || 20,
+                    keyword: memberKeyword || undefined,
+                  });
+                  try {
+                    const data = await fetchEnvelope<{
+                      items: AdminUserGroupMember[];
+                      total: number;
+                    }>(
+                      `${API_PATHS.admin.userGroupMembers(groupID)}?${params}`,
+                    );
+                    return {
+                      data: data.items || [],
+                      total: data.total || 0,
+                      success: true,
+                    };
+                  } catch (error) {
+                    message.error(
+                      requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+                        intl.formatMessage({
+                          id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.membersLoadError',
+                          defaultMessage: '加载成员失败',
+                        }),
+                    );
+                    return { data: [], total: 0, success: false };
+                  }
+                }}
+                search={false}
+                pagination={{ defaultPageSize: 20, showSizeChanger: true }}
+                options={{ density: true, reload: true, setting: true }}
+                scroll={{ x: 900 }}
+                headerTitle={
+                  <div className="user-group-toolbar-search">
+                    <Input
+                      allowClear
+                      prefix={<SearchOutlined />}
+                      placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.userSearchPlaceholder',
+                        defaultMessage: '搜索用户名、邮箱',
+                      })}
+                      value={memberKeywordInput}
+                      onChange={(event) => {
+                        const value = event.target.value;
+                        setMemberKeywordInput(value);
+                        if (!value) setMemberKeyword('');
+                      }}
+                      onPressEnter={searchMembers}
+                    />
+                    <Button onClick={searchMembers}>
+                      {intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'common.search',
+                        defaultMessage: '搜索',
+                      })}
+                    </Button>
+                  </div>
+                }
+                toolBarRender={() => [
+                  <Button
+                    key="add"
+                    type="primary"
+                    icon={<PlusOutlined />}
+                    disabled={group?.source !== 'LOCAL'}
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      setSelectedUserIDs([]);
+                      setMemberModalOpen(true);
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    {intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.addMember',
+                      defaultMessage: '加入用户',
+                    })}
+                  </Button>,
+                ]}
+              />
+            ),
+          },
+          {
+            key: 'assignments',
+            label: intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.exams',
+              defaultMessage: '考试',
+            }),
+            children: (
+              <ProTable<AdminExamAssignment>
+                className="user-group-detail-table"
+                columns={assignmentColumns}
+                dataSource={filteredAssignments}
+                rowKey="id"
+                search={false}
+                pagination={{ defaultPageSize: 10 }}
+                options={{ reload: loadAssignments, setting: true }}
+                headerTitle={
+                  <div className="user-group-toolbar-search">
+                    <Input
+                      allowClear
+                      prefix={<SearchOutlined />}
+                      placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.examSearchPlaceholder',
+                        defaultMessage: '搜索考试 ID',
+                      })}
+                      value={assignmentKeywordInput}
+                      onChange={(event) => {
+                        const value = event.target.value;
+                        setAssignmentKeywordInput(value);
+                        if (!value) setAssignmentKeyword('');
+                      }}
+                      onPressEnter={searchAssignments}
+                    />
+                    <Button onClick={searchAssignments}>
+                      {intl.formatMessage({
+                        id: 'common.search',
+                        defaultMessage: '搜索',
+                      })}
+                    </Button>
+                  </div>
+                }
+              />
+            ),
+          },
+        ]}
+      />
+
+      <Modal
+        width={760}
+        centered
+        open={memberModalOpen}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.addMember',
+          defaultMessage: '加入用户',
+        })}
+        onOk={addMembers}
+        okButtonProps={{ disabled: selectedUserIDs.length === 0 }}
+        confirmLoading={saving}
+        onCancel={() => setMemberModalOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <ProTable<AdminUser>
+          actionRef={userActionRef}
+          columns={userColumns}
+          rowKey="id"
+          search={{ labelWidth: 'auto', defaultCollapsed: false }}
+          options={false}
+          pagination={{ defaultPageSize: 10, showSizeChanger: true }}
+          rowSelection={{
+            selectedRowKeys: selectedUserIDs,
+            preserveSelectedRowKeys: true,
+            onChange: (keys) => setSelectedUserIDs(keys.map(Number)),
+          }}
+          request={async ({ current, pageSize, keyword }) => {
+            const params = queryString({
+              page: current || 1,
+              page_size: pageSize || 10,
+              keyword: keyword ? String(keyword).trim() : undefined,
+              exclude_user_group_id: groupID,
+            });
+            try {
+              const data = await fetchEnvelope<{
+                items: AdminUser[];
+                total: number;
+              }>(`${API_PATHS.admin.users}?${params}`);
+              return {
+                data: data.items || [],
+                total: data.total || 0,
+                success: true,
+              };
+            } catch (error) {
+              message.error(
+                requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+                  intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.userGroups.detail.usersLoadError',
+                    defaultMessage: '加载用户失败',
+                  }),
+              );
+              return { data: [], total: 0, success: false };
+            }
+          }}
+          tableAlertRender={false}
+        />
+      </Modal>
+    </PageContainer>
+  );
+};
+
+const UserGroupDetail: React.FC = () => (
+  <AntdApp>
+    <UserGroupDetailContent />
+  </AntdApp>
+);
+
+export default UserGroupDetail;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/index.less b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/index.less
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaacc5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/index.less
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+.user-group-name-cell {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.user-group-name-main {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  min-width: 0;
+  gap: 3px;
+}
+
+.user-group-name-link {
+  height: auto;
+  padding: 0;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  line-height: 20px;
+}
+
+.user-group-actions-cell {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: flex-start;
+  min-width: 64px;
+  text-align: left;
+}
+
+.user-group-actions-cell a {
+  color: var(--examora-text);
+  transition: color 150ms ease;
+}
+
+.user-group-actions-cell a:hover {
+  color: #1677ff;
+}
+
+.user-group-expand-button {
+  width: 24px;
+  height: 24px;
+  padding: 0;
+  color: var(--examora-text-secondary, #6b7280);
+  border: 0;
+  box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+.user-group-expand-placeholder {
+  display: inline-block;
+  width: 24px;
+}
+
+.user-group-detail-tabs {
+  padding: 0 16px 16px;
+  background: var(--examora-bg-container, #fff);
+  border-radius: 8px;
+}
+
+.user-group-detail-tabs .ant-tabs-content-holder {
+  padding-top: 0;
+}
+
+.user-group-detail-table .ant-pro-table-list-toolbar {
+  padding-block: 4px 8px;
+}
+
+.user-group-toolbar-search {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  width: min(420px, 100%);
+  max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+.user-group-toolbar-search .ant-input-affix-wrapper {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 220px;
+}
+
+.user-group-header-meta {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+}
+
+.user-group-basic {
+  position: relative;
+  padding-top: 4px;
+}
+
+.user-group-basic-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+  margin-bottom: 12px;
+}
+
+.user-group-basic-meta {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 8px 20px;
+  padding-top: 4px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/index.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce25c96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/UserGroups/index.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+import { DeleteOutlined, DownOutlined, PlusOutlined } from '@ant-design/icons';
+import {
+  type ActionType,
+  PageContainer,
+  type ProColumns,
+  ProTable,
+} from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type { AdminUserGroup } from '@examora/types';
+import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
+import { history, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
+import {
+  App as AntdApp,
+  Button,
+  Dropdown,
+  Form,
+  Input,
+  Modal,
+  Space,
+  Tag,
+} from 'antd';
+import dayjs from 'dayjs';
+import React, { useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { fetchEnvelope } from '@/utils/apiEnvelope';
+import { requestErrorMessage } from '@/utils/request';
+import './index.less';
+
+interface GroupFormValues {
+  name: string;
+  description?: string;
+}
+
+const sourceColor = (source?: string) => {
+  if (!source || source === 'LOCAL') return 'default';
+  if (source === 'LOGTO') return 'blue';
+  if (source === 'SCIM') return 'purple';
+  return 'cyan';
+};
+
+const UserGroupsContent: React.FC = () => {
+  const intl = useIntl();
+  const { message, modal } = AntdApp.useApp();
+  const actionRef = useRef<ActionType>(null);
+  const [form] = Form.useForm<GroupFormValues>();
+  const [modalOpen, setModalOpen] = useState(false);
+  const [saving, setSaving] = useState(false);
+
+  const openCreate = () => {
+    form.resetFields();
+    setModalOpen(true);
+  };
+
+  const saveGroup = async () => {
+    const values = await form.validateFields();
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      await fetchEnvelope<AdminUserGroup>(API_PATHS.admin.userGroups, {
+        method: 'POST',
+        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({
+          name: values.name,
+          description: values.description || '',
+        }),
+      });
+      message.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.saveSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '用户组已保存',
+        }),
+      );
+      setModalOpen(false);
+      actionRef.current?.reload();
+    } catch (error) {
+      message.error(
+        requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+          intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.saveError',
+            defaultMessage: '保存用户组失败',
+          }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const deleteGroup = (group: AdminUserGroup) => {
+    modal.confirm({
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.deleteTitle',
+        defaultMessage: '删除用户组',
+      }),
+      content: intl.formatMessage(
+        {
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.deleteContent',
+          defaultMessage: '确定删除「{name}」吗？',
+        },
+        { name: group.name },
+      ),
+      okType: 'danger',
+      onOk: async () => {
+        try {
+          await fetchEnvelope(API_PATHS.admin.userGroup(group.id), {
+            method: 'DELETE',
+          });
+          message.success(
+            intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.deleteSuccess',
+              defaultMessage: '用户组已删除',
+            }),
+          );
+          actionRef.current?.reload();
+        } catch (error) {
+          message.error(
+            requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+              intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.userGroups.deleteError',
+                defaultMessage: '删除用户组失败',
+              }),
+          );
+          return Promise.resolve();
+        }
+      },
+    });
+  };
+
+  const columns: ProColumns<AdminUserGroup>[] = [
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.keyword',
+        defaultMessage: '关键词',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'keyword',
+      hideInTable: true,
+      fieldProps: {
+        allowClear: true,
+        placeholder: intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.searchPlaceholder',
+          defaultMessage: '搜索名称、说明',
+        }),
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.source',
+        defaultMessage: '来源',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'source',
+      hideInTable: true,
+      valueEnum: {
+        LOCAL: {
+          text: intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.sourceLocal',
+            defaultMessage: '本地',
+          }),
+        },
+        LOGTO: { text: 'Logto' },
+        OIDC: { text: 'OIDC' },
+        SCIM: { text: 'SCIM' },
+      },
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.name',
+        defaultMessage: '用户组',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'name',
+      width: 320,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, group) => (
+        <div className="user-group-name-cell">
+          <Button
+            type="link"
+            className="user-group-name-link"
+            onClick={() =>
+              history.push(`/system/settings/user-groups/${group.id}`)
+            }
+          >
+            {group.name}
+          </Button>
+        </div>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.members',
+        defaultMessage: '成员',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'member_count',
+      width: 90,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, group) => group.member_count || 0,
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.source',
+        defaultMessage: '来源',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'source',
+      width: 110,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, group) => (
+        <Tag color={sourceColor(group.source)}>{group.source}</Tag>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.userGroups.createdAt',
+        defaultMessage: '创建时间',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'created_at',
+      width: 160,
+      search: false,
+      render: (_, group) => dayjs(group.created_at).format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm'),
+    },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'common.actions',
+        defaultMessage: '操作',
+      }),
+      width: 80,
+      fixed: 'right',
+      search: false,
+      hideInSetting: true,
+      render: (_, group) => (
+        <div
+          className="user-group-actions-cell"
+          onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}
+        >
+          <Dropdown
+            menu={{
+              items: [
+                {
+                  key: 'delete',
+                  label: intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'common.delete',
+                    defaultMessage: '删除',
+                  }),
+                  icon: <DeleteOutlined />,
+                  danger: true,
+                  disabled: group.source !== 'LOCAL',
+                  onClick: () => deleteGroup(group),
+                },
+              ],
+            }}
+            trigger={['click']}
+          >
+            <a onClick={(e) => e.preventDefault()}>
+              <Space size={4}>
+                {intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.userGroups.more',
+                  defaultMessage: '更多',
+                })}
+                <DownOutlined />
+              </Space>
+            </a>
+          </Dropdown>
+        </div>
+      ),
+    },
+  ];
+
+  return (
+    <PageContainer
+      title={intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'menu.system.settings.userGroups',
+        defaultMessage: '用户组',
+      })}
+      content={
+        <p
+          style={{
+            margin: 0,
+            color: 'var(--examora-text-secondary)',
+            fontSize: 14,
+          }}
+        >
+          {intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.userGroups.description',
+            defaultMessage: '维护可复用的用户范围，考试可按用户或用户组分配。',
+          })}
+        </p>
+      }
+    >
+      <ProTable<AdminUserGroup>
+        actionRef={actionRef}
+        cardBordered={{
+          search: true,
+          table: true,
+        }}
+        columns={columns}
+        columnsState={{
+          persistenceKey: 'examora-system-user-groups-table-columns',
+          persistenceType: 'localStorage',
+        }}
+        columnEmptyText="-"
+        dateFormatter="string"
+        debounceTime={300}
+        defaultSize="middle"
+        headerTitle={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.listTitle',
+          defaultMessage: '用户组列表',
+        })}
+        rowKey="id"
+        request={async ({ current, pageSize, keyword, source }) => {
+          try {
+            const params = new URLSearchParams({
+              page: String(current || 1),
+              page_size: String(pageSize || 20),
+            });
+            if (keyword) params.set('keyword', String(keyword).trim());
+            if (source) params.set('source', String(source));
+            const data = await fetchEnvelope<{
+              items: AdminUserGroup[];
+              total: number;
+            }>(`${API_PATHS.admin.userGroups}?${params.toString()}`);
+            return {
+              data: data.items || [],
+              total: data.total || 0,
+              success: true,
+            };
+          } catch (error) {
+            message.error(
+              requestErrorMessage(error) ||
+                intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.userGroups.loadError',
+                  defaultMessage: '加载用户组失败',
+                }),
+            );
+            return { data: [], total: 0, success: false };
+          }
+        }}
+        search={{
+          labelWidth: 'auto',
+          span: {
+            xs: 24,
+            sm: 12,
+            md: 8,
+            lg: 6,
+            xl: 6,
+            xxl: 4,
+          },
+          defaultCollapsed: true,
+          searchText: intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'common.search',
+            defaultMessage: '搜索',
+          }),
+          resetText: intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'common.reset',
+            defaultMessage: '重置',
+          }),
+        }}
+        beforeSearchSubmit={(params) => ({
+          ...params,
+          keyword:
+            typeof params.keyword === 'string'
+              ? params.keyword.trim()
+              : params.keyword,
+        })}
+        pagination={{
+          defaultPageSize: 20,
+          showSizeChanger: true,
+          pageSizeOptions: [10, 20, 50, 100],
+          showTotal: (total) =>
+            intl.formatMessage(
+              {
+                id: 'pages.userGroups.total',
+                defaultMessage: '共 {total} 条',
+              },
+              { total },
+            ),
+        }}
+        options={{
+          density: true,
+          fullScreen: false,
+          reload: true,
+          setting: true,
+        }}
+        scroll={{ x: 1100 }}
+        toolBarRender={() => [
+          <Button
+            key="create"
+            type="primary"
+            icon={<PlusOutlined />}
+            onClick={openCreate}
+          >
+            {intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.create',
+              defaultMessage: '新建用户组',
+            })}
+          </Button>,
+        ]}
+      />
+
+      <Modal
+        width={520}
+        centered
+        open={modalOpen}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.userGroups.create',
+          defaultMessage: '新建用户组',
+        })}
+        onOk={saveGroup}
+        confirmLoading={saving}
+        onCancel={() => setModalOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <Form form={form} layout="vertical">
+          <Form.Item
+            label={intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.form.name',
+              defaultMessage: '名称',
+            })}
+            name="name"
+            rules={[
+              {
+                required: true,
+                message: intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.userGroups.form.nameRequired',
+                  defaultMessage: '请输入用户组名称',
+                }),
+              },
+            ]}
+          >
+            <Input
+              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.userGroups.form.namePlaceholder',
+                defaultMessage: '例如：2026 春季班',
+              })}
+            />
+          </Form.Item>
+          <Form.Item
+            label={intl.formatMessage({
+              id: 'pages.userGroups.form.description',
+              defaultMessage: '说明',
+            })}
+            name="description"
+          >
+            <Input.TextArea
+              rows={3}
+              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.userGroups.form.optional',
+                defaultMessage: '可选',
+              })}
+            />
+          </Form.Item>
+        </Form>
+      </Modal>
+    </PageContainer>
+  );
+};
+
+const UserGroups: React.FC = () => (
+  <AntdApp>
+    <UserGroupsContent />
+  </AntdApp>
+);
+
+export default UserGroups;
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/Users/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/Users/index.tsx
index 2795f7a..96f3584 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/Users/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/System/Settings/Users/index.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
   DownOutlined,
   EditOutlined,
   PlusOutlined,
+  TeamOutlined,
 } from '@ant-design/icons';
 import {
   type ActionType,
@@ -10,6 +11,10 @@ import {
   type ProColumns,
   ProTable,
 } from '@ant-design/pro-components';
+import type {
+  AdminUserGroup,
+  AdminUserGroupTreeResponse,
+} from '@examora/types';
 import { API_PATHS } from '@examora/types';
 import { request, useIntl } from '@umijs/max';
 import {
@@ -39,6 +44,7 @@ interface User {
   role: string;
   status: string;
   created_at: string;
+  source?: string;
 }
 
 interface UserFormValues {
@@ -60,6 +66,21 @@ const normalizeRole = (role?: string) => {
 
 const normalizeStatus = (status?: string) => status?.toUpperCase() || '';
 
+const flattenGroups = (groups: AdminUserGroup[]): AdminUserGroup[] =>
+  groups.flatMap((group) => [group, ...flattenGroups(group.children || [])]);
+
+const groupPath = (groupID: number, groups: AdminUserGroup[]) => {
+  const flat = flattenGroups(groups);
+  const byID = new Map(flat.map((group) => [group.id, group]));
+  const parts: string[] = [];
+  let current = byID.get(groupID);
+  while (current) {
+    parts.unshift(current.name);
+    current = current.parent_id ? byID.get(current.parent_id) : undefined;
+  }
+  return parts.join(' / ');
+};
+
 const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
   const intl = useIntl();
   const { message: antdMessage } = AntdApp.useApp();
@@ -70,6 +91,10 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
   const [drawerOpen, setDrawerOpen] = useState(false);
   const [modalOpen, setModalOpen] = useState(false);
   const [editing, setEditing] = useState<User | null>(null);
+  const [selectedUserIDs, setSelectedUserIDs] = useState<number[]>([]);
+  const [groups, setGroups] = useState<AdminUserGroup[]>([]);
+  const [groupID, setGroupID] = useState<number | undefined>();
+  const [groupModalOpen, setGroupModalOpen] = useState(false);
 
   // i18n label maps
   const roleLabelMap: Record<string, string> = useMemo(
@@ -134,6 +159,32 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
     [statusLabelMap],
   );
 
+  const groupOptions = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      flattenGroups(groups).map((group) => ({
+        value: group.id,
+        label: groupPath(group.id, groups),
+      })),
+    [groups],
+  );
+
+  const loadGroups = async () => {
+    try {
+      const response = await request<{
+        code: number;
+        data: AdminUserGroupTreeResponse;
+      }>(API_PATHS.admin.userGroupTree);
+      setGroups(response.data?.items || []);
+    } catch (_error) {
+      antdMessage.error(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.users.groupsLoadError',
+          defaultMessage: '加载用户组失败',
+        }),
+      );
+    }
+  };
+
   const openCreate = () => {
     setEditing(null);
     userForm.resetFields();
@@ -243,6 +294,41 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
     });
   };
 
+  const openJoinGroup = () => {
+    setGroupID(undefined);
+    setGroupModalOpen(true);
+    loadGroups();
+  };
+
+  const joinGroup = async () => {
+    if (!groupID || selectedUserIDs.length === 0) return;
+    setSaving(true);
+    try {
+      await request(API_PATHS.admin.userGroupMembers(groupID), {
+        method: 'POST',
+        data: { ids: selectedUserIDs },
+      });
+      antdMessage.success(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.users.joinGroupSuccess',
+          defaultMessage: '用户已加入用户组',
+        }),
+      );
+      setGroupModalOpen(false);
+      setSelectedUserIDs([]);
+      actionRef.current?.reload();
+    } catch (_error) {
+      antdMessage.error(
+        intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.users.joinGroupError',
+          defaultMessage: '加入用户组失败',
+        }),
+      );
+    } finally {
+      setSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
   const columns: ProColumns<User>[] = [
     {
       title: intl.formatMessage({
@@ -310,7 +396,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
       dataIndex: 'role',
       key: 'role',
       width: 90,
-      search: false,
+      search: true,
       valueEnum: roleValueEnum,
       render: (_, user) => {
         const roleKey = normalizeRole(user.role);
@@ -329,7 +415,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
       dataIndex: 'status',
       key: 'status',
       width: 90,
-      search: false,
+      search: true,
       valueEnum: statusValueEnum,
       render: (_, user) => {
         const statusKey = normalizeStatus(user.status);
@@ -342,6 +428,27 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
         );
       },
     },
+    {
+      title: intl.formatMessage({
+        id: 'pages.users.columns.source',
+        defaultMessage: '来源',
+      }),
+      dataIndex: 'source',
+      key: 'source',
+      width: 90,
+      valueEnum: {
+        LOCAL: {
+          text: intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.users.source.LOCAL',
+            defaultMessage: '本地',
+          }),
+        },
+        LOGTO: { text: 'Logto' },
+        OIDC: { text: 'OIDC' },
+        SCIM: { text: 'SCIM' },
+      },
+      render: (_, user) => <Tag>{user.source || 'LOCAL'}</Tag>,
+    },
     {
       title: intl.formatMessage({
         id: 'pages.users.columns.createdAt',
@@ -490,7 +597,35 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
               ? params.keyword.trim()
               : params.keyword,
         })}
-        request={async ({ current, pageSize, keyword }) => {
+        rowSelection={{
+          selectedRowKeys: selectedUserIDs,
+          preserveSelectedRowKeys: true,
+          onChange: (keys) => setSelectedUserIDs(keys.map(Number)),
+        }}
+        tableAlertOptionRender={() => (
+          <Space size={12}>
+            <Button type="link" icon={<TeamOutlined />} onClick={openJoinGroup}>
+              {intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.users.joinGroup',
+                defaultMessage: '加入用户组',
+              })}
+            </Button>
+            <Button type="link" onClick={() => setSelectedUserIDs([])}>
+              {intl.formatMessage({
+                id: 'pages.users.clearSelection',
+                defaultMessage: '清空',
+              })}
+            </Button>
+          </Space>
+        )}
+        request={async ({
+          current,
+          pageSize,
+          keyword,
+          role,
+          status,
+          source,
+        }) => {
           try {
             const trimmedKeyword =
               typeof keyword === 'string' ? keyword.trim() : undefined;
@@ -502,6 +637,9 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
                 page: current,
                 page_size: pageSize,
                 ...(trimmedKeyword ? { keyword: trimmedKeyword } : {}),
+                ...(role ? { role } : {}),
+                ...(status ? { status } : {}),
+                ...(source ? { source } : {}),
               },
             });
 
@@ -560,6 +698,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
           id: 'pages.users.modal.createTitle',
           defaultMessage: '添加用户',
         })}
+        width={600}
         open={modalOpen}
         onCancel={() => {
           setSaving(false);
@@ -568,12 +707,6 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
         footer={null}
         centered
       >
-        <p style={{ margin: '0 0 16px', color: '#888' }}>
-          {intl.formatMessage({
-            id: 'pages.users.modal.description',
-            defaultMessage: '提供以下至少一项字段才能继续',
-          })}
-        </p>
         <Form
           form={userForm}
           layout="vertical"
@@ -605,50 +738,56 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
             }
           }}
         >
-          <Form.Item
-            label={intl.formatMessage({
-              id: 'pages.users.form.username.label',
-              defaultMessage: '用户名',
-            })}
-            name="username"
-            rules={[
-              {
-                required: true,
-                message: intl.formatMessage({
-                  id: 'pages.users.form.username.required',
-                  defaultMessage: '请输入用户名',
-                }),
-              },
-              {
-                min: 3,
-                message: intl.formatMessage({
-                  id: 'pages.users.form.username.minLength',
-                  defaultMessage: '用户名至少 3 个字符',
-                }),
-              },
-            ]}
-          >
-            <Input
-              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
-                id: 'pages.users.form.username.placeholder',
-                defaultMessage: '输入用户名',
-              })}
-            />
-          </Form.Item>
-          <Form.Item
-            label={intl.formatMessage({
-              id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.label',
-              defaultMessage: '显示名称',
-            })}
-            name="display_name"
-          >
-            <Input
-              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
-                id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.placeholder',
-                defaultMessage: '输入显示名称（可选）',
-              })}
-            />
-          </Form.Item>
+          <Row gutter={16}>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
+              <Form.Item
+                label={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.users.form.username.label',
+                  defaultMessage: '用户名',
+                })}
+                name="username"
+                rules={[
+                  {
+                    required: true,
+                    message: intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.users.form.username.required',
+                      defaultMessage: '请输入用户名',
+                    }),
+                  },
+                  {
+                    min: 3,
+                    message: intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.users.form.username.minLength',
+                      defaultMessage: '用户名至少 3 个字符',
+                    }),
+                  },
+                ]}
+              >
+                <Input
+                  placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.users.form.username.placeholder',
+                    defaultMessage: '输入用户名',
+                  })}
+                />
+              </Form.Item>
+            </Col>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
+              <Form.Item
+                label={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.label',
+                  defaultMessage: '显示名称',
+                })}
+                name="display_name"
+              >
+                <Input
+                  placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.placeholder',
+                    defaultMessage: '输入显示名称（可选）',
+                  })}
+                />
+              </Form.Item>
+            </Col>
+          </Row>
           <Form.Item
             label={intl.formatMessage({
               id: 'pages.users.form.email.label',
@@ -672,8 +811,8 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
               })}
             />
           </Form.Item>
-          <Row gutter={12}>
-            <Col span={10}>
+          <Row gutter={16}>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
               <Form.Item
                 label={intl.formatMessage({
                   id: 'pages.users.form.role.label',
@@ -699,7 +838,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
                 />
               </Form.Item>
             </Col>
-            <Col span={14}>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
               <Form.Item
                 label={intl.formatMessage({
                   id: 'pages.users.form.status.label',
@@ -757,7 +896,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
                 defaultMessage: '创建用户',
               })
         }
-        size={480}
+        size={520}
         open={drawerOpen}
         onClose={() => {
           setSaving(false);
@@ -775,51 +914,57 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
         }
       >
         <Form form={userForm} layout="vertical">
-          <Form.Item
-            label={intl.formatMessage({
-              id: 'pages.users.form.username.label',
-              defaultMessage: '用户名',
-            })}
-            name="username"
-            rules={[
-              {
-                required: true,
-                message: intl.formatMessage({
-                  id: 'pages.users.form.username.required',
-                  defaultMessage: '请输入用户名',
-                }),
-              },
-              {
-                min: 3,
-                message: intl.formatMessage({
-                  id: 'pages.users.form.username.minLength',
-                  defaultMessage: '用户名至少 3 个字符',
-                }),
-              },
-            ]}
-          >
-            <Input
-              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
-                id: 'pages.users.form.username.placeholder',
-                defaultMessage: '输入用户名',
-              })}
-              disabled={!!editing}
-            />
-          </Form.Item>
-          <Form.Item
-            label={intl.formatMessage({
-              id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.label',
-              defaultMessage: '显示名称',
-            })}
-            name="display_name"
-          >
-            <Input
-              placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
-                id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.placeholder',
-                defaultMessage: '输入显示名称（可选）',
-              })}
-            />
-          </Form.Item>
+          <Row gutter={16}>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
+              <Form.Item
+                label={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.users.form.username.label',
+                  defaultMessage: '用户名',
+                })}
+                name="username"
+                rules={[
+                  {
+                    required: true,
+                    message: intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.users.form.username.required',
+                      defaultMessage: '请输入用户名',
+                    }),
+                  },
+                  {
+                    min: 3,
+                    message: intl.formatMessage({
+                      id: 'pages.users.form.username.minLength',
+                      defaultMessage: '用户名至少 3 个字符',
+                    }),
+                  },
+                ]}
+              >
+                <Input
+                  placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.users.form.username.placeholder',
+                    defaultMessage: '输入用户名',
+                  })}
+                  disabled={!!editing}
+                />
+              </Form.Item>
+            </Col>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
+              <Form.Item
+                label={intl.formatMessage({
+                  id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.label',
+                  defaultMessage: '显示名称',
+                })}
+                name="display_name"
+              >
+                <Input
+                  placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+                    id: 'pages.users.form.displayName.placeholder',
+                    defaultMessage: '输入显示名称（可选）',
+                  })}
+                />
+              </Form.Item>
+            </Col>
+          </Row>
           <Form.Item
             label={intl.formatMessage({
               id: 'pages.users.form.email.label',
@@ -844,7 +989,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
             />
           </Form.Item>
           <Row gutter={16}>
-            <Col span={12}>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
               <Form.Item
                 label={intl.formatMessage({
                   id: 'pages.users.form.role.label',
@@ -870,7 +1015,7 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
                 />
               </Form.Item>
             </Col>
-            <Col span={12}>
+            <Col xs={24} sm={12}>
               <Form.Item
                 label={intl.formatMessage({
                   id: 'pages.users.form.status.label',
@@ -899,6 +1044,34 @@ const UserListContent: React.FC = () => {
           </Row>
         </Form>
       </Drawer>
+
+      <Modal
+        width={520}
+        centered
+        open={groupModalOpen}
+        title={intl.formatMessage({
+          id: 'pages.users.joinGroup',
+          defaultMessage: '加入用户组',
+        })}
+        onOk={joinGroup}
+        okButtonProps={{ disabled: !groupID || selectedUserIDs.length === 0 }}
+        confirmLoading={saving}
+        onCancel={() => setGroupModalOpen(false)}
+      >
+        <Select
+          showSearch
+          allowClear
+          style={{ width: '100%' }}
+          options={groupOptions}
+          value={groupID}
+          onChange={setGroupID}
+          optionFilterProp="label"
+          placeholder={intl.formatMessage({
+            id: 'pages.users.joinGroupPlaceholder',
+            defaultMessage: '选择要加入的用户组',
+          })}
+        />
+      </Modal>
     </PageContainer>
   );
 };
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/pages/Welcome/index.tsx b/apps/admin/src/pages/Welcome/index.tsx
index cd37cf2..73834a9 100644
--- a/apps/admin/src/pages/Welcome/index.tsx
+++ b/apps/admin/src/pages/Welcome/index.tsx
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ const Welcome: React.FC = () => {
     {
       key: 'submissions',
       label: f('pages.dashboard.shortcuts.submissions'),
-      path: '/assessment/results/submissions',
+      path: '/examination/submissions',
       icon: <AuditOutlined />,
     },
   ];
@@ -344,10 +344,7 @@ const Welcome: React.FC = () => {
             >
               {f('pages.dashboard.actions.createExam')}
             </Button>
-            <Button
-              href="/monitoring/proctoring/events"
-              icon={<SafetyOutlined />}
-            >
+            <Button href="/examination/events" icon={<SafetyOutlined />}>
               {f('pages.dashboard.actions.viewMonitoring')}
             </Button>
           </Space>
diff --git a/apps/admin/src/utils/apiEnvelope.ts b/apps/admin/src/utils/apiEnvelope.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d725f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/admin/src/utils/apiEnvelope.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import { getAccessToken } from '@/auth/token';
+
+export const fetchEnvelope = async <T>(
+  path: string,
+  init: RequestInit = {},
+): Promise<T> => {
+  const headers = new Headers(init.headers);
+  const token = getAccessToken();
+  if (token) {
+    headers.set('Authorization', `Bearer ${token}`);
+  }
+
+  const response = await fetch(path, {
+    ...init,
+    headers,
+  });
+  const payload = await response.json().catch(() => null);
+
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(payload?.message || `HTTP ${response.status}`);
+  }
+  if (payload?.code !== 0) {
+    throw new Error(payload?.message || 'Request failed');
+  }
+  return payload.data as T;
+};
diff --git a/internal/api/exam.go b/internal/api/exam.go
index 1433c10..2c8f821 100644
--- a/internal/api/exam.go
+++ b/internal/api/exam.go
@@ -15,10 +15,67 @@ func (s *Server) registerExamAdminRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup) {
 	admin.PUT("/exams/:id", s.updateExam)
 	admin.POST("/exams/:id/publish", s.publishExamWithSnapshot)
 	admin.POST("/exams/:id/close", s.closeExam)
+	admin.GET("/exams/:id/sessions", s.listExamSessions)
+	admin.POST("/exams/:id/candidates", s.assignExamCandidates)
+	admin.DELETE("/exams/:id/candidates/:user_id", s.removeExamCandidate)
+	admin.GET("/exams/:id/assignments", s.listExamAssignments)
+	admin.POST("/exams/:id/assignments", s.assignExamTargets)
+	admin.DELETE("/exams/:id/assignments/:assignment_id", s.removeExamAssignment)
+	admin.GET("/exams/:id/events", s.listExamEvents)
 	admin.GET("/exams/:id/results", s.listExamResults)
 	admin.GET("/exam-results/:id", s.getExamResult)
 }
 
+func (s *Server) listExamAssignments(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	items, err := s.exam.ListExamAssignments(c.Request.Context(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, map[string]any{"items": examAssignmentsToResponses(items)})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) assignExamTargets(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	req, ok := bindJSON[assignExamTargetsRequest](c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(normalizeBatchIDs(req.UserIDs)) == 0 && len(normalizeBatchIDs(req.UserGroupIDs)) == 0 {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "user_ids or user_group_ids are required")
+		return
+	}
+	result, err := s.exam.AssignExamTargets(c.Request.Context(), id, req.command(currentUserID(c)))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, result)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) removeExamAssignment(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	assignmentID, ok := parseUintParam(c, "assignment_id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.exam.RemoveExamAssignment(c.Request.Context(), id, assignmentID); err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(c)
+}
+
 func (s *Server) listCandidateExams(c *gin.Context) {
 	userID := currentUserID(c)
 	items, err := s.exam.ListAvailableExams(c.Request.Context(), userID)
@@ -127,6 +184,70 @@ func (s *Server) batchCloseExams(c *gin.Context) {
 	response.Success(c, result)
 }
 
+func (s *Server) listExamSessions(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	items, err := s.exam.ListExamSessions(c.Request.Context(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, map[string]any{"items": sessionsToResponses(items)})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) assignExamCandidates(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	req, ok := bindJSON[batchIDsRequest](c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(normalizeBatchIDs(req.IDs)) == 0 {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "ids are required")
+		return
+	}
+	result, err := s.exam.AssignCandidates(c.Request.Context(), id, req.IDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, result)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) removeExamCandidate(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	userID, ok := parseUintParam(c, "user_id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.exam.RemoveCandidate(c.Request.Context(), id, userID); err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(c)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listExamEvents(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	pageNum, pageSize := pageQuery(c)
+	items, total, err := s.exam.ListClientEvents(c.Request.Context(), id, pageNum, pageSize)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.PageSuccessWith(c, items, total, pageNum, pageSize, toClientEventResponse)
+}
+
 // M1: Candidate exam flow handlers
 
 func (s *Server) publishExamWithSnapshot(c *gin.Context) {
diff --git a/internal/api/request.go b/internal/api/request.go
index cb0b53f..49ebc4d 100644
--- a/internal/api/request.go
+++ b/internal/api/request.go
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@ func parseUintParam(c *gin.Context, name string) (uint64, bool) {
 	return id, true
 }
 
+func optionalUintQuery(c *gin.Context, name string) (uint64, bool) {
+	value := c.Query(name)
+	if value == "" {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	id, err := strconv.ParseUint(value, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil || id == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return id, true
+}
+
 func pageQuery(c *gin.Context) (int, int) {
 	pageNum, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("page", "1"))
 	pageSize, _ := strconv.Atoi(c.DefaultQuery("page_size", "20"))
diff --git a/internal/api/routes_test.go b/internal/api/routes_test.go
index 3f63ddb..f483929 100644
--- a/internal/api/routes_test.go
+++ b/internal/api/routes_test.go
@@ -25,6 +25,22 @@ func TestRegisterRoutesUsesVersionedResourcePaths(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/questions")
 	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/exams/available")
 	require.Contains(t, registered, "POST /api/v1/exams/:id/sessions/start")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/exams/:id/sessions")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "POST /api/v1/exams/:id/candidates")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "DELETE /api/v1/exams/:id/candidates/:user_id")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/exams/:id/assignments")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "POST /api/v1/exams/:id/assignments")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "DELETE /api/v1/exams/:id/assignments/:assignment_id")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/exams/:id/events")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups/tree")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "POST /api/v1/user-groups")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups/:id")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups/:id/children")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups/:id/exam-assignments")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups/:id/students")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "GET /api/v1/user-groups/:id/members")
+	require.Contains(t, registered, "POST /api/v1/user-groups/:id/members")
 	require.Contains(t, registered, "POST /api/v1/submissions")
 
 	require.NotContains(t, registered, "POST /api/auth/login")
diff --git a/internal/api/server.go b/internal/api/server.go
index 05f6a2a..de0fed5 100644
--- a/internal/api/server.go
+++ b/internal/api/server.go
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ func (s *Server) RegisterRoutes(router *gin.Engine) {
 
 	admin := v1.Group("", authMW, middleware.RequireAdmin(s.auth))
 	s.registerUserAdminRoutes(admin)
+	s.registerUserGroupAdminRoutes(admin)
 	s.registerLibraryAdminRoutes(admin)
 	s.registerExamAdminRoutes(admin)
 	s.registerJudgeRoutes(admin)
diff --git a/internal/api/types.go b/internal/api/types.go
index 2c17a1c..fa2df18 100644
--- a/internal/api/types.go
+++ b/internal/api/types.go
@@ -35,6 +35,36 @@ type batchIDsRequest struct {
 	IDs []uint64 `json:"ids"`
 }
 
+type saveUserGroupRequest struct {
+	ParentID    *uint64 `json:"parent_id"`
+	Name        string  `json:"name"`
+	Description string  `json:"description"`
+	Status      string  `json:"status"`
+}
+
+func (r saveUserGroupRequest) command(createdBy uint64) exam.SaveUserGroupCommand {
+	return exam.SaveUserGroupCommand{
+		ParentID:    r.ParentID,
+		Name:        r.Name,
+		Description: r.Description,
+		Status:      r.Status,
+		CreatedBy:   createdBy,
+	}
+}
+
+type assignExamTargetsRequest struct {
+	UserIDs      []uint64 `json:"user_ids"`
+	UserGroupIDs []uint64 `json:"user_group_ids"`
+}
+
+func (r assignExamTargetsRequest) command(createdBy uint64) exam.AssignExamTargetsCommand {
+	return exam.AssignExamTargetsCommand{
+		UserIDs:      r.UserIDs,
+		UserGroupIDs: r.UserGroupIDs,
+		CreatedBy:    createdBy,
+	}
+}
+
 type batchQuestionStatusRequest struct {
 	IDs    []uint64 `json:"ids"`
 	Status string   `json:"status"`
@@ -215,6 +245,44 @@ type examSnapshotResponse struct {
 	PublishedAt     time.Time `json:"published_at"`
 }
 
+type userGroupResponse struct {
+	ID               uint64              `json:"id"`
+	ParentID         *uint64             `json:"parent_id,omitempty"`
+	Name             string              `json:"name"`
+	Description      string              `json:"description"`
+	Status           string              `json:"status"`
+	Source           string              `json:"source"`
+	ExternalProvider *string             `json:"external_provider,omitempty"`
+	ExternalID       *string             `json:"external_id,omitempty"`
+	ExternalParentID *string             `json:"external_parent_id,omitempty"`
+	SyncMode         string              `json:"sync_mode"`
+	LastSyncedAt     *time.Time          `json:"last_synced_at,omitempty"`
+	CreatedBy        uint64              `json:"created_by"`
+	CreatedAt        time.Time           `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt        time.Time           `json:"updated_at"`
+	MemberCount      int                 `json:"member_count,omitempty"`
+	ChildCount       int                 `json:"child_count,omitempty"`
+	Children         []userGroupResponse `json:"children,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type userGroupMemberResponse struct {
+	User        userResponse `json:"user"`
+	UserGroupID uint64       `json:"user_group_id"`
+	Direct      bool         `json:"direct"`
+	Source      string       `json:"source"`
+	CreatedAt   time.Time    `json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+type examAssignmentResponse struct {
+	ID             uint64    `json:"id"`
+	ExamID         uint64    `json:"exam_id"`
+	ExamSnapshotID uint64    `json:"exam_snapshot_id"`
+	TargetType     string    `json:"target_type"`
+	TargetID       uint64    `json:"target_id"`
+	CreatedBy      uint64    `json:"created_by"`
+	CreatedAt      time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+}
+
 type candidatePaperResponse struct {
 	ExamSnapshotID   uint64                          `json:"exam_snapshot_id"`
 	Title            string                          `json:"title"`
@@ -680,4 +748,68 @@ func toExamSessionResponse(session exam.ExamSession) examSessionResponse {
 	}
 }
 
+func sessionsToResponses(sessions []exam.ExamSession) []examSessionResponse {
+	items := make([]examSessionResponse, 0, len(sessions))
+	for _, session := range sessions {
+		items = append(items, toExamSessionResponse(session))
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
+func toUserGroupResponse(group exam.UserGroup) userGroupResponse {
+	return userGroupResponse{
+		ID:               group.ID,
+		ParentID:         group.ParentID,
+		Name:             group.Name,
+		Description:      group.Description,
+		Status:           group.Status,
+		Source:           group.Source,
+		ExternalProvider: group.ExternalProvider,
+		ExternalID:       group.ExternalID,
+		ExternalParentID: group.ExternalParentID,
+		SyncMode:         group.SyncMode,
+		LastSyncedAt:     group.LastSyncedAt,
+		CreatedBy:        group.CreatedBy,
+		CreatedAt:        group.CreatedAt,
+		UpdatedAt:        group.UpdatedAt,
+	}
+}
+
+func toUserGroupTreeResponse(node exam.UserGroupTreeNode) userGroupResponse {
+	item := toUserGroupResponse(node.UserGroup)
+	item.Children = make([]userGroupResponse, 0, len(node.Children))
+	for _, child := range node.Children {
+		item.Children = append(item.Children, toUserGroupTreeResponse(child))
+	}
+	return item
+}
+
+func userGroupTreeToResponses(tree []exam.UserGroupTreeNode) []userGroupResponse {
+	items := make([]userGroupResponse, 0, len(tree))
+	for _, node := range tree {
+		items = append(items, toUserGroupTreeResponse(node))
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
+func toExamAssignmentResponse(assignment exam.ExamAssignment) examAssignmentResponse {
+	return examAssignmentResponse{
+		ID:             assignment.ID,
+		ExamID:         assignment.ExamID,
+		ExamSnapshotID: assignment.ExamSnapshotID,
+		TargetType:     assignment.TargetType,
+		TargetID:       assignment.TargetID,
+		CreatedBy:      assignment.CreatedBy,
+		CreatedAt:      assignment.CreatedAt,
+	}
+}
+
+func examAssignmentsToResponses(assignments []exam.ExamAssignment) []examAssignmentResponse {
+	items := make([]examAssignmentResponse, 0, len(assignments))
+	for _, assignment := range assignments {
+		items = append(items, toExamAssignmentResponse(assignment))
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
 // endregion
diff --git a/internal/api/user_group.go b/internal/api/user_group.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99a7471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/api/user_group.go
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+	"github.com/coding-hui/examora/internal/transport/http/response"
+)
+
+func (s *Server) registerUserGroupAdminRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup) {
+	admin.GET("/user-groups", s.listUserGroups)
+	admin.GET("/user-groups/tree", s.listUserGroupTree)
+	admin.POST("/user-groups", s.createUserGroup)
+	admin.GET("/user-groups/:id", s.getUserGroup)
+	admin.PUT("/user-groups/:id", s.updateUserGroup)
+	admin.DELETE("/user-groups/:id", s.deleteUserGroup)
+	admin.GET("/user-groups/:id/children", s.listUserGroupChildren)
+	admin.GET("/user-groups/:id/exam-assignments", s.listUserGroupExamAssignments)
+	admin.GET("/user-groups/:id/students", s.listUserGroupStudents)
+	admin.GET("/user-groups/:id/members", s.listUserGroupMembers)
+	admin.POST("/user-groups/:id/members", s.addUserGroupMembers)
+	admin.DELETE("/user-groups/:id/members/:user_id", s.removeUserGroupMember)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listUserGroups(c *gin.Context) {
+	pageNum, pageSize := pageQuery(c)
+	keyword := strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("keyword"))
+	parentIDText := strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("parent_id"))
+	source := strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("source"))
+	groups, err := s.exam.ListUserGroups(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	childCounts := make(map[uint64]int)
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if group.ParentID != nil {
+			childCounts[*group.ParentID]++
+		}
+	}
+	items := make([]userGroupResponse, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if keyword != "" && !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(group.Name+" "+group.Description), strings.ToLower(keyword)) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if source != "" && group.Source != source {
+			continue
+		}
+		if parentIDText != "" {
+			if parentIDText == "root" {
+				if group.ParentID != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+			} else {
+				parentID, err := strconv.ParseUint(parentIDText, 10, 64)
+				if err != nil || group.ParentID == nil || *group.ParentID != parentID {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		item := toUserGroupResponse(group)
+		item.ChildCount = childCounts[group.ID]
+		if ids, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(c.Request.Context(), group.ID, false); err == nil {
+			item.MemberCount = len(ids)
+		}
+		items = append(items, item)
+	}
+	total := int64(len(items))
+	start, end := pageSlice(pageNum, pageSize, len(items))
+	response.PageSuccess(c, items[start:end], total, pageNum, pageSize)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listUserGroupTree(c *gin.Context) {
+	tree, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupTree(c.Request.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, map[string]any{"items": userGroupTreeToResponses(tree)})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) getUserGroup(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	group, err := s.exam.GetUserGroup(c.Request.Context(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	item := toUserGroupResponse(*group)
+	if ids, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(c.Request.Context(), id, false); err == nil {
+		item.MemberCount = len(ids)
+	}
+	if children, err := s.exam.ListChildUserGroups(c.Request.Context(), id); err == nil {
+		item.ChildCount = len(children)
+	}
+	response.Success(c, item)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) createUserGroup(c *gin.Context) {
+	req, ok := bindJSON[saveUserGroupRequest](c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	group, err := s.exam.CreateUserGroup(c.Request.Context(), req.command(currentUserID(c)))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Created(c, toUserGroupResponse(*group))
+}
+
+func (s *Server) updateUserGroup(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	req, ok := bindJSON[saveUserGroupRequest](c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	group, err := s.exam.UpdateUserGroup(c.Request.Context(), id, req.command(currentUserID(c)))
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, toUserGroupResponse(*group))
+}
+
+func (s *Server) deleteUserGroup(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.exam.DeleteUserGroup(c.Request.Context(), id); err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(c)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listUserGroupStudents(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	includeChildren, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("include_children", "true"))
+	userIDs, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(c.Request.Context(), id, includeChildren)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, map[string]any{"ids": userIDs})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listUserGroupMembers(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	pageNum, pageSize := pageQuery(c)
+	includeChildren, _ := strconv.ParseBool(c.DefaultQuery("include_children", "false"))
+	keyword := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("keyword")))
+	memberships, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupMemberships(c.Request.Context(), id, includeChildren)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	items := make([]userGroupMemberResponse, 0, len(memberships))
+	for _, membership := range memberships {
+		user, err := s.auth.GetUser(c.Request.Context(), membership.UserID)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		userItem := toUserResponse(s.auth.Casbin(), *user)
+		if keyword != "" && !userMatchesKeyword(userItem, keyword) {
+			continue
+		}
+		items = append(items, userGroupMemberResponse{
+			User:        userItem,
+			UserGroupID: membership.UserGroupID,
+			Direct:      membership.UserGroupID == id,
+			Source:      membership.Source,
+			CreatedAt:   membership.CreatedAt,
+		})
+	}
+	total := int64(len(items))
+	start, end := pageSlice(pageNum, pageSize, len(items))
+	response.PageSuccess(c, items[start:end], total, pageNum, pageSize)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listUserGroupChildren(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	groups, err := s.exam.ListChildUserGroups(c.Request.Context(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	items := make([]userGroupResponse, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		item := toUserGroupResponse(group)
+		if ids, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(c.Request.Context(), group.ID, false); err == nil {
+			item.MemberCount = len(ids)
+		}
+		items = append(items, item)
+	}
+	response.Success(c, map[string]any{"items": items})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) listUserGroupExamAssignments(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	assignments, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupExamAssignments(c.Request.Context(), id)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.Success(c, map[string]any{"items": examAssignmentsToResponses(assignments)})
+}
+
+func (s *Server) addUserGroupMembers(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	req, ok := bindJSON[batchIDsRequest](c)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if len(normalizeBatchIDs(req.IDs)) == 0 {
+		response.BadRequest(c, "ids are required")
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.exam.AddUserGroupMembers(c.Request.Context(), id, req.IDs); err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(c)
+}
+
+func (s *Server) removeUserGroupMember(c *gin.Context) {
+	id, ok := parseUintParam(c, "id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	userID, ok := parseUintParam(c, "user_id")
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	if err := s.exam.RemoveUserGroupMember(c.Request.Context(), id, userID); err != nil {
+		writeError(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	response.NoContent(c)
+}
+
+func pageSlice(pageNum, pageSize, total int) (int, int) {
+	if pageNum < 1 {
+		pageNum = 1
+	}
+	if pageSize < 1 {
+		pageSize = 20
+	}
+	start := (pageNum - 1) * pageSize
+	if start > total {
+		start = total
+	}
+	end := start + pageSize
+	if end > total {
+		end = total
+	}
+	return start, end
+}
+
+func userMatchesKeyword(user userResponse, keyword string) bool {
+	if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(user.Username), keyword) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if user.Email != nil && strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(*user.Email), keyword) {
+		return true
+	}
+	if user.DisplayName != nil && strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(*user.DisplayName), keyword) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
diff --git a/internal/api/users.go b/internal/api/users.go
index 9578072..c26ca33 100644
--- a/internal/api/users.go
+++ b/internal/api/users.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/casbin/casbin/v2"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ type userResponse struct {
 	Email       *string `json:"email,omitempty"`
 	Role        string  `json:"role"`
 	Status      string  `json:"status"`
+	Source      string  `json:"source"`
 	CreatedAt   string  `json:"created_at"`
 }
 
@@ -51,14 +53,49 @@ func (s *Server) registerUserAdminRoutes(admin *gin.RouterGroup) {
 
 func (s *Server) listUsers(c *gin.Context) {
 	pageNum, pageSize := pageQuery(c)
-	items, total, err := s.auth.ListUsers(c.Request.Context(), pageNum, pageSize)
+	filter := auth.UserListFilter{
+		Keyword: strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("keyword")),
+		Status:  strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("status")),
+		Source:  strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("source")),
+	}
+	roleFilter := strings.TrimSpace(c.Query("role"))
+	excludeGroupID, hasExcludeGroup := optionalUintQuery(c, "exclude_user_group_id")
+	queryPage, querySize := pageNum, pageSize
+	if roleFilter != "" || hasExcludeGroup {
+		queryPage = 1
+		querySize = 10000
+	}
+	items, total, err := s.auth.ListUsers(c.Request.Context(), queryPage, querySize, filter)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
+	excluded := map[uint64]struct{}{}
+	if hasExcludeGroup {
+		ids, err := s.exam.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(c.Request.Context(), excludeGroupID, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeError(c, err)
+			return
+		}
+		for _, id := range ids {
+			excluded[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
 	users := make([]userResponse, 0, len(items))
 	for _, u := range items {
-		users = append(users, toUserResponse(s.auth.Casbin(), u))
+		if _, ok := excluded[u.ID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		item := toUserResponse(s.auth.Casbin(), u)
+		if roleFilter != "" && !strings.EqualFold(item.Role, roleFilter) {
+			continue
+		}
+		users = append(users, item)
+	}
+	if roleFilter != "" || hasExcludeGroup {
+		total = int64(len(users))
+		start, end := pageSlice(pageNum, pageSize, len(users))
+		users = users[start:end]
 	}
 	response.PageSuccess(c, users, total, pageNum, pageSize)
 }
@@ -192,6 +229,14 @@ func toUserResponse(casbinEnforcer *casbin.Enforcer, u auth.User) userResponse {
 		Email:       u.Email,
 		Role:        role,
 		Status:      u.Status,
+		Source:      userSource(u.AuthProvider),
 		CreatedAt:   u.CreatedAt,
 	}
 }
+
+func userSource(provider *string) string {
+	if provider == nil || strings.TrimSpace(*provider) == "" {
+		return "LOCAL"
+	}
+	return *provider
+}
diff --git a/internal/auth/ports.go b/internal/auth/ports.go
index e034788..b5241f7 100644
--- a/internal/auth/ports.go
+++ b/internal/auth/ports.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ type UserStore interface {
 	Create(ctx context.Context, user *User, passwordHash string) error
 	Update(ctx context.Context, id uint64, username, displayName, email, status string) error
 	Delete(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error
-	List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int) ([]User, int64, error)
+	List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, filter UserListFilter) ([]User, int64, error)
 	UpdatePassword(ctx context.Context, id uint64, hash string) error
 	UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, id uint64, status string) error
 	HasUsers(ctx context.Context) (bool, error)
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ type UserStore interface {
 	VerifyPassword(ctx context.Context, username, password string) (*User, bool, error)
 }
 
+type UserListFilter struct {
+	Keyword string
+	Status  string
+	Source  string
+}
+
 type Claims struct {
 	Subject        string
 	Name           *string
diff --git a/internal/auth/service.go b/internal/auth/service.go
index cbe641e..ac632e7 100644
--- a/internal/auth/service.go
+++ b/internal/auth/service.go
@@ -239,8 +239,8 @@ func (u *Service) Casbin() *casbin.Enforcer {
 	return u.casbin
 }
 
-func (u *Service) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int) ([]User, int64, error) {
-	return u.userRepo.List(ctx, page, pageSize)
+func (u *Service) ListUsers(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, filter UserListFilter) ([]User, int64, error) {
+	return u.userRepo.List(ctx, page, pageSize, filter)
 }
 
 func (u *Service) GetUser(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*User, error) {
diff --git a/internal/auth/store/user.go b/internal/auth/store/user.go
index 4e6ef33..eb22b92 100644
--- a/internal/auth/store/user.go
+++ b/internal/auth/store/user.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package store
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"strings"
 
 	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
@@ -143,14 +144,29 @@ func (r *UserStore) Delete(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
 	return transaction.DBFromContext(ctx, r.db).Delete(&database.UserModel{}, id).Error
 }
 
-func (r *UserStore) List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int) ([]auth.User, int64, error) {
+func (r *UserStore) List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int, filter auth.UserListFilter) ([]auth.User, int64, error) {
+	query := transaction.DBFromContext(ctx, r.db).Model(&database.UserModel{})
+	if keyword := strings.TrimSpace(filter.Keyword); keyword != "" {
+		like := "%" + keyword + "%"
+		query = query.Where("username LIKE ? OR email LIKE ? OR display_name LIKE ?", like, like, like)
+	}
+	if status := strings.TrimSpace(filter.Status); status != "" {
+		query = query.Where("status = ?", status)
+	}
+	if source := strings.TrimSpace(filter.Source); source != "" {
+		if source == "LOCAL" {
+			query = query.Where("auth_provider IS NULL OR auth_provider = '' OR auth_provider = ?", "LOCAL")
+		} else {
+			query = query.Where("auth_provider = ?", source)
+		}
+	}
 	var total int64
-	if err := transaction.DBFromContext(ctx, r.db).Model(&database.UserModel{}).Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := query.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 	var rows []database.UserModel
 	offset := (page - 1) * pageSize
-	if err := transaction.DBFromContext(ctx, r.db).Order("id desc").Offset(offset).Limit(pageSize).Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := query.Order("id desc").Offset(offset).Limit(pageSize).Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil, 0, err
 	}
 	users := make([]auth.User, 0, len(rows))
@@ -162,11 +178,13 @@ func (r *UserStore) List(ctx context.Context, page, pageSize int) ([]auth.User,
 
 func toUser(m *database.UserModel) *auth.User {
 	return &auth.User{
-		ID:          m.ID,
-		Username:    m.Username,
-		Status:      m.Status,
-		DisplayName: m.DisplayName,
-		Email:       m.Email,
-		CreatedAt:   m.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"),
+		ID:              m.ID,
+		Username:        m.Username,
+		Status:          m.Status,
+		DisplayName:     m.DisplayName,
+		Email:           m.Email,
+		AuthProvider:    m.AuthProvider,
+		ExternalSubject: m.ExternalSubject,
+		CreatedAt:       m.CreatedAt.Format("2006-01-02T15:04:05Z"),
 	}
 }
diff --git a/internal/exam/errors.go b/internal/exam/errors.go
index d5468a8..fba2ba6 100644
--- a/internal/exam/errors.go
+++ b/internal/exam/errors.go
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ var (
 	ErrExamNotStarted              = errors.New("exam has not started yet")
 	ErrExamEnded                   = errors.New("exam has ended")
 	ErrInvalidExamWindow           = errors.New("invalid exam time window")
+	ErrUserGroupNotFound           = errors.New("user group not found")
+	ErrInvalidUserGroup            = errors.New("invalid user group")
+	ErrExamAssignmentNotFound      = errors.New("exam assignment not found")
+	ErrInvalidExamAssignment       = errors.New("invalid exam assignment")
 )
 
 func IsNotFound(err error) bool {
@@ -21,11 +25,14 @@ func IsNotFound(err error) bool {
 		errors.Is(err, ErrSubmissionNotFound) ||
 		errors.Is(err, ErrQuestionResultNotFound) ||
 		errors.Is(err, ErrSnapshotNotFound) ||
-		errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound)
+		errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrUserGroupNotFound) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrExamAssignmentNotFound)
 }
 
 func IsConflict(err error) bool {
-	return errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidExamStatusTransition)
+	return errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidExamStatusTransition) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidExamAssignment)
 }
 
 func IsForbidden(err error) bool {
@@ -36,5 +43,6 @@ func IsForbidden(err error) bool {
 }
 
 func IsValidation(err error) bool {
-	return errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidExamWindow)
+	return errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidExamWindow) ||
+		errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidUserGroup)
 }
diff --git a/internal/exam/exam.go b/internal/exam/exam.go
index 1a003f5..2c3a706 100644
--- a/internal/exam/exam.go
+++ b/internal/exam/exam.go
@@ -76,20 +76,16 @@ func (s *Service) GetExamSnapshot(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*ExamSnapshot
 }
 
 func (s *Service) ListAvailableExams(ctx context.Context, userID uint64) ([]ExamSessionItem, error) {
-	snapshots, err := s.store.ListExamSnapshots(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	sessions, err := s.store.ListExamSessionsByUser(ctx, userID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	sessionMap := make(map[uint64]*ExamSession, len(sessions))
-	for i := range sessions {
-		sessionMap[sessions[i].ExamSnapshotID] = &sessions[i]
-	}
-	items := make([]ExamSessionItem, 0, len(snapshots))
-	for _, snap := range snapshots {
+	items := make([]ExamSessionItem, 0, len(sessions))
+	for _, session := range sessions {
+		snap, err := s.store.GetExamSnapshot(ctx, session.ExamSnapshotID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		exam, err := s.store.GetExam(ctx, snap.ExamID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -97,14 +93,10 @@ func (s *Service) ListAvailableExams(ctx context.Context, userID uint64) ([]Exam
 		if exam.Status == StatusClosed || exam.Status == StatusArchived {
 			continue
 		}
-		status := SessionStatusNotStarted
-		if sess, ok := sessionMap[snap.ID]; ok {
-			status = sess.Status
-		}
 		items = append(items, ExamSessionItem{
 			ID:     snap.ExamID,
 			Title:  exam.Title,
-			Status: status,
+			Status: session.Status,
 		})
 	}
 	return items, nil
@@ -156,6 +148,43 @@ func (s *Service) PublishExam(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
 	return s.store.UpdateExam(ctx, e)
 }
 
+func (s *Service) ListExamSessions(ctx context.Context, examID uint64) ([]ExamSession, error) {
+	snapshot, err := s.store.GetExamSnapshotByExamID(ctx, examID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrSnapshotNotFound) {
+			return []ExamSession{}, nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.store.ListExamSessionsBySnapshot(ctx, snapshot.ID)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) AssignCandidates(ctx context.Context, examID uint64, userIDs []uint64) (BatchResult, error) {
+	return s.AssignExamTargets(ctx, examID, AssignExamTargetsCommand{UserIDs: userIDs})
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RemoveCandidate(ctx context.Context, examID, userID uint64) error {
+	snapshot, err := s.store.GetExamSnapshotByExamID(ctx, examID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	session, err := s.store.GetExamSession(ctx, snapshot.ID, userID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if session.Status != SessionStatusNotStarted {
+		return ErrInvalidExamStatusTransition
+	}
+	return s.store.DeleteExamSession(ctx, session.ID)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListClientEvents(ctx context.Context, examID uint64, pageNum, pageSize int) ([]ClientEvent, int64, error) {
+	if _, err := s.store.GetExam(ctx, examID); err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	return s.store.ListClientEvents(ctx, examID, pageNum, pageSize)
+}
+
 func (s *Service) CloseExam(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
 	e, err := s.store.GetExam(ctx, id)
 	if err != nil {
diff --git a/internal/exam/snapshot_service.go b/internal/exam/snapshot_service.go
index 6b2ef99..8b9bb21 100644
--- a/internal/exam/snapshot_service.go
+++ b/internal/exam/snapshot_service.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package exam
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
 
@@ -336,7 +337,15 @@ func (s *Service) StartExamSession(ctx context.Context, examID, userID uint64, i
 		if existing.Status == SessionStatusSubmitted {
 			return nil, ErrInvalidExamStatusTransition
 		}
+		if now.Before(snapshot.StartTime) {
+			return nil, ErrExamNotStarted
+		}
 		existing.Status = SessionStatusInProgress
+		if existing.StartedAt == nil {
+			existing.StartedAt = timePtr(now)
+		}
+		existing.IPAddress = &ipAddress
+		existing.DeviceID = &deviceID
 		remaining := calculateRemaining(existing, snapshot)
 		existing.RemainingSeconds = &remaining
 		if err := s.store.UpdateExamSession(ctx, existing); err != nil {
@@ -345,6 +354,13 @@ func (s *Service) StartExamSession(ctx context.Context, examID, userID uint64, i
 		return existing, nil
 	}
 
+	if errors.Is(err, ErrSessionNotFound) {
+		return nil, ErrNotEligible
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	// For new sessions, must be within start window
 	if now.Before(snapshot.StartTime) {
 		return nil, ErrExamNotStarted
diff --git a/internal/exam/snapshot_service_test.go b/internal/exam/snapshot_service_test.go
index 09edb17..a365a73 100644
--- a/internal/exam/snapshot_service_test.go
+++ b/internal/exam/snapshot_service_test.go
@@ -166,6 +166,13 @@ func publishableExam(t *testing.T, fx *examFixture) *exam.Exam {
 	return created
 }
 
+func assignCandidate(t *testing.T, fx *examFixture, examID, userID uint64) {
+	t.Helper()
+	result, err := fx.exams.AssignCandidates(context.Background(), examID, []uint64{userID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, result.SuccessCount)
+}
+
 func objectiveExam(t *testing.T, fx *examFixture) *exam.Exam {
 	t.Helper()
 	ctx := context.Background()
@@ -300,6 +307,7 @@ func TestCandidatePaperIsSafeAndUsesExamTitle(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -412,6 +420,7 @@ func TestPublishSnapshotFreezesPaperSections(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Equal(t, "第一大题 单选题", sections[0].Title)
 	require.Equal(t, 2.0, sections[0].TotalScore)
 
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	candidatePaper, err := fx.exams.GetCandidatePaper(ctx, created.ID, 42)
@@ -433,6 +442,7 @@ func TestSaveAnswersRequiresInProgressSessionAndKnownSnapshotQuestion(t *testing
 	snapshot, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	snaps, err := fx.examStore.ListQuestionSnapshots(ctx, snapshot.ID)
@@ -459,6 +469,7 @@ func TestSubmitExamIsIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
 	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
 	_, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -482,6 +493,7 @@ func TestSubmitExamGradesStrictObjectiveQuestions(t *testing.T) {
 	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
 	snapshot, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	session, err := fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -520,6 +532,7 @@ func TestSubmitExamCreatesProgrammingJudgeTaskFromDraft(t *testing.T) {
 	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
 	snapshot, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	snaps, err := fx.examStore.ListQuestionSnapshots(ctx, snapshot.ID)
@@ -553,6 +566,7 @@ func TestJudgeResultUpdatesProgrammingQuestionAndExamScore(t *testing.T) {
 	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
 	snapshot, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	snaps, err := fx.examStore.ListQuestionSnapshots(ctx, snapshot.ID)
@@ -700,6 +714,134 @@ func TestAvailableExamItemUsesCandidateWireShape(t *testing.T) {
 	require.JSONEq(t, `{"id":1,"title":"Final exam","status":"NOT_STARTED"}`, string(payload))
 }
 
+func TestCandidateVisibilityRequiresAssignedSession(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newExamFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	created := publishableExam(t, fx)
+	start := time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)
+	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	_, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	items, err := fx.exams.ListAvailableExams(ctx, 42)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, items)
+	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, exam.ErrNotEligible)
+
+	assigned, err := fx.exams.AssignCandidates(ctx, created.ID, []uint64{42})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 1, assigned.SuccessCount)
+
+	items, err = fx.exams.ListAvailableExams(ctx, 42)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, items, 1)
+	require.Equal(t, exam.SessionStatusNotStarted, items[0].Status)
+
+	session, err := fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, exam.SessionStatusInProgress, session.Status)
+	require.NotNil(t, session.StartedAt)
+}
+
+func TestListExamSessionsReturnsEmptyBeforeSnapshotExists(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newExamFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	created := publishableExam(t, fx)
+
+	sessions, err := fx.exams.ListExamSessions(ctx, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, sessions)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveCandidateAllowsOnlyNotStartedSession(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newExamFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	created := publishableExam(t, fx)
+	start := time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)
+	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	_, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = fx.exams.AssignCandidates(ctx, created.ID, []uint64{42, 43})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, fx.exams.RemoveCandidate(ctx, created.ID, 42))
+	items, err := fx.exams.ListAvailableExams(ctx, 42)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Empty(t, items)
+
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 43)
+	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 43, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	err = fx.exams.RemoveCandidate(ctx, created.ID, 43)
+	require.ErrorIs(t, err, exam.ErrInvalidExamStatusTransition)
+}
+
+func TestUserGroupTreeIncludesDescendantStudents(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newExamFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	root, err := fx.exams.CreateUserGroup(ctx, exam.SaveUserGroupCommand{Name: "2026 Cohort"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	child, err := fx.exams.CreateUserGroup(ctx, exam.SaveUserGroupCommand{Name: "Class A", ParentID: &root.ID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	leaf, err := fx.exams.CreateUserGroup(ctx, exam.SaveUserGroupCommand{Name: "Project Team", ParentID: &child.ID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.NoError(t, fx.exams.AddUserGroupMembers(ctx, child.ID, []uint64{101}))
+	require.NoError(t, fx.exams.AddUserGroupMembers(ctx, leaf.ID, []uint64{102, 103}))
+
+	rootStudents, err := fx.exams.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(ctx, root.ID, true)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, []uint64{101, 102, 103}, rootStudents)
+
+	childStudents, err := fx.exams.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(ctx, child.ID, false)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, []uint64{101}, childStudents)
+}
+
+func TestAssignUserGroupsExpandsDescendantStudents(t *testing.T) {
+	fx := newExamFixture(t)
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	created := publishableExam(t, fx)
+	start := time.Now().Add(-time.Minute)
+	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
+	_, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	root, err := fx.exams.CreateUserGroup(ctx, exam.SaveUserGroupCommand{Name: "Exam Group"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	child, err := fx.exams.CreateUserGroup(ctx, exam.SaveUserGroupCommand{Name: "Child Group", ParentID: &root.ID})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, fx.exams.AddUserGroupMembers(ctx, root.ID, []uint64{42}))
+	require.NoError(t, fx.exams.AddUserGroupMembers(ctx, child.ID, []uint64{43, 42}))
+
+	result, err := fx.exams.AssignExamTargets(ctx, created.ID, exam.AssignExamTargetsCommand{
+		UserIDs:      []uint64{44},
+		UserGroupIDs: []uint64{root.ID},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 3, result.SuccessCount)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, result.FailedCount)
+
+	sessions, err := fx.exams.ListExamSessions(ctx, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, sessions, 3)
+	sessionUsers := make([]uint64, 0, len(sessions))
+	for _, session := range sessions {
+		sessionUsers = append(sessionUsers, session.UserID)
+	}
+	require.ElementsMatch(t, []uint64{42, 43, 44}, sessionUsers)
+
+	assignments, err := fx.exams.ListExamAssignments(ctx, created.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Len(t, assignments, 2)
+}
+
 func TestStartExamSessionRejectsArchivedExam(t *testing.T) {
 	fx := newExamFixture(t)
 	ctx := context.Background()
@@ -733,6 +875,7 @@ func TestClosedExamRejectsExistingSessionCandidateActions(t *testing.T) {
 	end := time.Now().Add(time.Hour)
 	snapshot, err := fx.exams.PublishExamWithSnapshot(ctx, created.ID, start, end, 60)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	snaps, err := fx.examStore.ListQuestionSnapshots(ctx, snapshot.ID)
@@ -773,6 +916,7 @@ func TestCreateSubmissionRequiresActiveExamSessionAndSnapshotQuestion(t *testing
 	})
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, exam.ErrForbidden)
 
+	assignCandidate(t, fx, created.ID, 42)
 	_, err = fx.exams.StartExamSession(ctx, created.ID, 42, "127.0.0.1", "device-1")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	_, err = fx.exams.CreateSubmission(ctx, created.ID, 42, exam.CreateSubmissionCommand{
diff --git a/internal/exam/store.go b/internal/exam/store.go
index 25a1a4d..0ebea36 100644
--- a/internal/exam/store.go
+++ b/internal/exam/store.go
@@ -13,14 +13,18 @@ type Store interface {
 	AnswerDraftStore
 	SubmissionStore
 	ClientEventStore
+	UserGroupStore
+	ExamAssignmentStore
 	SubmissionReader
 }
 
 type ExamSessionStore interface {
 	CreateExamSession(ctx context.Context, session *ExamSession) error
 	GetExamSession(ctx context.Context, examSnapshotID, userID uint64) (*ExamSession, error)
+	ListExamSessionsBySnapshot(ctx context.Context, examSnapshotID uint64) ([]ExamSession, error)
 	ListExamSessionsByUser(ctx context.Context, userID uint64) ([]ExamSession, error)
 	UpdateExamSession(ctx context.Context, session *ExamSession) error
+	DeleteExamSession(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error
 }
 
 type AnswerDraftStore interface {
@@ -62,6 +66,29 @@ type SubmissionStore interface {
 
 type ClientEventStore interface {
 	CreateClientEvent(ctx context.Context, ev *ClientEvent) error
+	ListClientEvents(ctx context.Context, examID uint64, pageNum, pageSize int) ([]ClientEvent, int64, error)
+}
+
+type UserGroupStore interface {
+	CreateUserGroup(ctx context.Context, group *UserGroup) error
+	UpdateUserGroup(ctx context.Context, group *UserGroup) error
+	DeleteUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error
+	GetUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*UserGroup, error)
+	ListUserGroups(ctx context.Context) ([]UserGroup, error)
+	ListDescendantUserGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, id uint64) ([]uint64, error)
+	AddUserGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64, userIDs []uint64) error
+	RemoveUserGroupMember(ctx context.Context, groupID, userID uint64) error
+	ListAllUserGroupMemberUserIDs(ctx context.Context) ([]uint64, error)
+	ListUserGroupMemberUserIDs(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []uint64) ([]uint64, error)
+	ListUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []uint64) ([]UserGroupMembership, error)
+	ListUserGroupExamAssignments(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64) ([]ExamAssignment, error)
+}
+
+type ExamAssignmentStore interface {
+	CreateExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, assignment *ExamAssignment) error
+	GetExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, examID, assignmentID uint64) (*ExamAssignment, error)
+	ListExamAssignments(ctx context.Context, examID uint64) ([]ExamAssignment, error)
+	DeleteExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error
 }
 
 type JudgeSubmission struct {
diff --git a/internal/exam/store/client_event.go b/internal/exam/store/client_event.go
index 62d10cd..4d21bde 100644
--- a/internal/exam/store/client_event.go
+++ b/internal/exam/store/client_event.go
@@ -16,3 +16,28 @@ func (s *Store) CreateClientEvent(ctx context.Context, ev *exam.ClientEvent) err
 	ev.CreatedAt = row.CreatedAt
 	return nil
 }
+
+func (s *Store) ListClientEvents(ctx context.Context, examID uint64, pageNum, pageSize int) ([]exam.ClientEvent, int64, error) {
+	db := s.db(ctx).Model(&database.ClientEventModel{}).Where("exam_id = ?", examID)
+	var total int64
+	if err := db.Count(&total).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	var rows []database.ClientEventModel
+	if err := db.Order("created_at DESC, id DESC").Offset((pageNum - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, err
+	}
+	items := make([]exam.ClientEvent, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		items = append(items, exam.ClientEvent{
+			ID:        row.ID,
+			ExamID:    row.ExamID,
+			UserID:    row.UserID,
+			DeviceID:  row.DeviceID,
+			EventType: row.EventType,
+			Payload:   jsonToMap(row.Payload),
+			CreatedAt: row.CreatedAt,
+		})
+	}
+	return items, total, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/exam/store/session.go b/internal/exam/store/session.go
index a091860..6c4e0c6 100644
--- a/internal/exam/store/session.go
+++ b/internal/exam/store/session.go
@@ -24,6 +24,18 @@ func (s *Store) GetExamSession(ctx context.Context, examSnapshotID, userID uint6
 	return toExamSession(&row), nil
 }
 
+func (s *Store) ListExamSessionsBySnapshot(ctx context.Context, examSnapshotID uint64) ([]exam.ExamSession, error) {
+	var rows []database.ExamSessionModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Where("exam_snapshot_id = ?", examSnapshotID).Order("id ASC").Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sessions := make([]exam.ExamSession, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		sessions = append(sessions, *toExamSession(&row))
+	}
+	return sessions, nil
+}
+
 func (s *Store) ListExamSessionsByUser(ctx context.Context, userID uint64) ([]exam.ExamSession, error) {
 	var rows []database.ExamSessionModel
 	if err := s.db(ctx).Where("user_id = ?", userID).Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
@@ -46,20 +58,32 @@ func (s *Store) UpdateExamSession(ctx context.Context, session *exam.ExamSession
 			StartedAt:        row.StartedAt,
 			SubmittedAt:      row.SubmittedAt,
 			RemainingSeconds: row.RemainingSeconds,
+			IPAddress:        row.IPAddress,
+			DeviceID:         row.DeviceID,
 		}).Error
 }
 
+func (s *Store) DeleteExamSession(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
+	return s.db(ctx).Delete(&database.ExamSessionModel{}, id).Error
+}
+
 func toExamSessionModel(e *exam.ExamSession) *database.ExamSessionModel {
-	return &database.ExamSessionModel{
+	row := &database.ExamSessionModel{
+		ID:               e.ID,
 		ExamSnapshotID:   e.ExamSnapshotID,
 		UserID:           e.UserID,
 		Status:           e.Status,
 		StartedAt:        e.StartedAt,
 		SubmittedAt:      e.SubmittedAt,
 		RemainingSeconds: e.RemainingSeconds,
-		IPAddress:        e.IPAddress,
-		DeviceID:         e.DeviceID,
 	}
+	if e.IPAddress != nil {
+		row.IPAddress = e.IPAddress
+	}
+	if e.DeviceID != nil {
+		row.DeviceID = e.DeviceID
+	}
+	return row
 }
 
 func toExamSession(m *database.ExamSessionModel) *exam.ExamSession {
diff --git a/internal/exam/store/user_group.go b/internal/exam/store/user_group.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3316a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/exam/store/user_group.go
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+package store
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+
+	"github.com/coding-hui/examora/internal/exam"
+	"github.com/coding-hui/examora/internal/infra/database"
+)
+
+func (s *Store) CreateUserGroup(ctx context.Context, group *exam.UserGroup) error {
+	row := toUserGroupModel(group)
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Create(row).Error; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	*group = *toUserGroup(row)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) UpdateUserGroup(ctx context.Context, group *exam.UserGroup) error {
+	return s.db(ctx).Model(&database.UserGroupModel{}).
+		Where("id = ?", group.ID).
+		Updates(map[string]any{
+			"parent_id":   group.ParentID,
+			"name":        group.Name,
+			"description": group.Description,
+			"status":      group.Status,
+		}).Error
+}
+
+func (s *Store) DeleteUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
+	return s.db(ctx).Transaction(func(tx *gorm.DB) error {
+		if err := tx.Where("user_group_id = ?", id).Delete(&database.UserGroupMemberModel{}).Error; err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return tx.Delete(&database.UserGroupModel{}, id).Error
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Store) GetUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*exam.UserGroup, error) {
+	var row database.UserGroupModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Where("id = ?", id).First(&row).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, database.MapNotFound(err, exam.ErrUserGroupNotFound)
+	}
+	return toUserGroup(&row), nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListUserGroups(ctx context.Context) ([]exam.UserGroup, error) {
+	var rows []database.UserGroupModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Order("parent_id ASC, id ASC").Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	groups := make([]exam.UserGroup, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		groups = append(groups, *toUserGroup(&row))
+	}
+	return groups, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListDescendantUserGroupIDs(ctx context.Context, id uint64) ([]uint64, error) {
+	groups, err := s.ListUserGroups(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	children := map[uint64][]uint64{}
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if group.ParentID != nil {
+			children[*group.ParentID] = append(children[*group.ParentID], group.ID)
+		}
+	}
+	result := []uint64{}
+	var walk func(uint64)
+	walk = func(parentID uint64) {
+		for _, childID := range children[parentID] {
+			result = append(result, childID)
+			walk(childID)
+		}
+	}
+	walk(id)
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) AddUserGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64, userIDs []uint64) error {
+	rows := make([]database.UserGroupMemberModel, 0, len(userIDs))
+	for _, userID := range userIDs {
+		if userID == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		rows = append(rows, database.UserGroupMemberModel{
+			UserGroupID: groupID,
+			UserID:      userID,
+			Source:      exam.UserGroupSourceLocal,
+		})
+	}
+	if len(rows) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return s.db(ctx).Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&rows).Error
+}
+
+func (s *Store) RemoveUserGroupMember(ctx context.Context, groupID, userID uint64) error {
+	return s.db(ctx).
+		Where("user_group_id = ? AND user_id = ?", groupID, userID).
+		Delete(&database.UserGroupMemberModel{}).Error
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListAllUserGroupMemberUserIDs(ctx context.Context) ([]uint64, error) {
+	var ids []uint64
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Model(&database.UserGroupMemberModel{}).Distinct("user_id").Order("user_id ASC").Pluck("user_id", &ids).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListUserGroupMemberUserIDs(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []uint64) ([]uint64, error) {
+	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
+		return []uint64{}, nil
+	}
+	var ids []uint64
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Model(&database.UserGroupMemberModel{}).
+		Where("user_group_id IN ?", groupIDs).
+		Distinct("user_id").
+		Order("user_id ASC").
+		Pluck("user_id", &ids).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, groupIDs []uint64) ([]exam.UserGroupMembership, error) {
+	if len(groupIDs) == 0 {
+		return []exam.UserGroupMembership{}, nil
+	}
+	var rows []database.UserGroupMemberModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).
+		Where("user_group_id IN ?", groupIDs).
+		Order("user_group_id ASC, user_id ASC").
+		Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	items := make([]exam.UserGroupMembership, 0, len(rows))
+	seen := map[uint64]struct{}{}
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		if _, ok := seen[row.UserID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		seen[row.UserID] = struct{}{}
+		items = append(items, exam.UserGroupMembership{
+			UserGroupID: row.UserGroupID,
+			UserID:      row.UserID,
+			Source:      row.Source,
+			CreatedAt:   row.CreatedAt,
+		})
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListUserGroupExamAssignments(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64) ([]exam.ExamAssignment, error) {
+	var rows []database.ExamAssignmentModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).
+		Where("target_type = ? AND target_id = ?", exam.ExamAssignmentTargetUserGroup, groupID).
+		Order("id DESC").
+		Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	items := make([]exam.ExamAssignment, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		items = append(items, *toExamAssignment(&row))
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) CreateExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, assignment *exam.ExamAssignment) error {
+	row := toExamAssignmentModel(assignment)
+	err := s.db(ctx).Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(row).Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if row.ID == 0 {
+		var existing database.ExamAssignmentModel
+		err = s.db(ctx).
+			Where("exam_id = ? AND target_type = ? AND target_id = ?", assignment.ExamID, assignment.TargetType, assignment.TargetID).
+			First(&existing).Error
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		row = &existing
+	}
+	*assignment = *toExamAssignment(row)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) GetExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, examID, assignmentID uint64) (*exam.ExamAssignment, error) {
+	var row database.ExamAssignmentModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Where("exam_id = ? AND id = ?", examID, assignmentID).First(&row).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, database.MapNotFound(err, exam.ErrExamAssignmentNotFound)
+	}
+	return toExamAssignment(&row), nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) ListExamAssignments(ctx context.Context, examID uint64) ([]exam.ExamAssignment, error) {
+	var rows []database.ExamAssignmentModel
+	if err := s.db(ctx).Where("exam_id = ?", examID).Order("id ASC").Find(&rows).Error; err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	items := make([]exam.ExamAssignment, 0, len(rows))
+	for _, row := range rows {
+		items = append(items, *toExamAssignment(&row))
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Store) DeleteExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
+	err := s.db(ctx).Delete(&database.ExamAssignmentModel{}, id).Error
+	if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
+		return exam.ErrExamAssignmentNotFound
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func toUserGroupModel(group *exam.UserGroup) *database.UserGroupModel {
+	return &database.UserGroupModel{
+		ID:               group.ID,
+		ParentID:         group.ParentID,
+		Name:             group.Name,
+		Description:      group.Description,
+		Status:           group.Status,
+		Source:           group.Source,
+		ExternalProvider: group.ExternalProvider,
+		ExternalID:       group.ExternalID,
+		ExternalParentID: group.ExternalParentID,
+		SyncMode:         group.SyncMode,
+		LastSyncedAt:     group.LastSyncedAt,
+		CreatedBy:        group.CreatedBy,
+	}
+}
+
+func toUserGroup(row *database.UserGroupModel) *exam.UserGroup {
+	return &exam.UserGroup{
+		ID:               row.ID,
+		ParentID:         row.ParentID,
+		Name:             row.Name,
+		Description:      row.Description,
+		Status:           row.Status,
+		Source:           row.Source,
+		ExternalProvider: row.ExternalProvider,
+		ExternalID:       row.ExternalID,
+		ExternalParentID: row.ExternalParentID,
+		SyncMode:         row.SyncMode,
+		LastSyncedAt:     row.LastSyncedAt,
+		CreatedBy:        row.CreatedBy,
+		CreatedAt:        row.CreatedAt,
+		UpdatedAt:        row.UpdatedAt,
+	}
+}
+
+func toExamAssignmentModel(assignment *exam.ExamAssignment) *database.ExamAssignmentModel {
+	return &database.ExamAssignmentModel{
+		ID:             assignment.ID,
+		ExamID:         assignment.ExamID,
+		ExamSnapshotID: assignment.ExamSnapshotID,
+		TargetType:     assignment.TargetType,
+		TargetID:       assignment.TargetID,
+		CreatedBy:      assignment.CreatedBy,
+	}
+}
+
+func toExamAssignment(row *database.ExamAssignmentModel) *exam.ExamAssignment {
+	return &exam.ExamAssignment{
+		ID:             row.ID,
+		ExamID:         row.ExamID,
+		ExamSnapshotID: row.ExamSnapshotID,
+		TargetType:     row.TargetType,
+		TargetID:       row.TargetID,
+		CreatedBy:      row.CreatedBy,
+		CreatedAt:      row.CreatedAt,
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/exam/user_group.go b/internal/exam/user_group.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6c4790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/exam/user_group.go
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+package exam
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	UserGroupStatusActive   = "ACTIVE"
+	UserGroupStatusArchived = "ARCHIVED"
+
+	UserGroupSourceLocal = "LOCAL"
+	UserGroupSyncLocal   = "LOCAL"
+
+	ExamAssignmentTargetUser      = "USER"
+	ExamAssignmentTargetUserGroup = "USER_GROUP"
+)
+
+type UserGroup struct {
+	ID               uint64
+	ParentID         *uint64
+	Name             string
+	Description      string
+	Status           string
+	Source           string
+	ExternalProvider *string
+	ExternalID       *string
+	ExternalParentID *string
+	SyncMode         string
+	LastSyncedAt     *time.Time
+	CreatedBy        uint64
+	CreatedAt        time.Time
+	UpdatedAt        time.Time
+}
+
+type UserGroupTreeNode struct {
+	UserGroup
+	Children []UserGroupTreeNode
+}
+
+type UserGroupMembership struct {
+	UserGroupID uint64
+	UserID      uint64
+	Source      string
+	CreatedAt   time.Time
+}
+
+type SaveUserGroupCommand struct {
+	ParentID    *uint64
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Status      string
+	CreatedBy   uint64
+}
+
+type ExamAssignment struct {
+	ID             uint64
+	ExamID         uint64
+	ExamSnapshotID uint64
+	TargetType     string
+	TargetID       uint64
+	CreatedBy      uint64
+	CreatedAt      time.Time
+}
+
+type AssignExamTargetsCommand struct {
+	UserIDs      []uint64
+	UserGroupIDs []uint64
+	CreatedBy    uint64
+}
+
+func (s *Service) CreateUserGroup(ctx context.Context, cmd SaveUserGroupCommand) (*UserGroup, error) {
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(cmd.Name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidUserGroup
+	}
+	status := cmd.Status
+	if status == "" {
+		status = UserGroupStatusActive
+	}
+	if cmd.ParentID != nil {
+		if _, err := s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, *cmd.ParentID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	group := &UserGroup{
+		ParentID:    cmd.ParentID,
+		Name:        name,
+		Description: strings.TrimSpace(cmd.Description),
+		Status:      status,
+		Source:      UserGroupSourceLocal,
+		SyncMode:    UserGroupSyncLocal,
+		CreatedBy:   cmd.CreatedBy,
+	}
+	if err := s.store.CreateUserGroup(ctx, group); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return group, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) UpdateUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64, cmd SaveUserGroupCommand) (*UserGroup, error) {
+	group, err := s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(cmd.Name)
+	if name == "" {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidUserGroup
+	}
+	if cmd.ParentID != nil {
+		if *cmd.ParentID == id {
+			return nil, ErrInvalidUserGroup
+		}
+		descendants, err := s.store.ListDescendantUserGroupIDs(ctx, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if slices.Contains(descendants, *cmd.ParentID) {
+			return nil, ErrInvalidUserGroup
+		}
+		if _, err := s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, *cmd.ParentID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	status := cmd.Status
+	if status == "" {
+		status = group.Status
+	}
+	group.ParentID = cmd.ParentID
+	group.Name = name
+	group.Description = strings.TrimSpace(cmd.Description)
+	group.Status = status
+	if err := s.store.UpdateUserGroup(ctx, group); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return group, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) DeleteUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64) error {
+	descendants, err := s.store.ListDescendantUserGroupIDs(ctx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if len(descendants) > 0 {
+		return ErrInvalidUserGroup
+	}
+	return s.store.DeleteUserGroup(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListUserGroupTree(ctx context.Context) ([]UserGroupTreeNode, error) {
+	groups, err := s.store.ListUserGroups(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	byParent := map[uint64][]UserGroup{}
+	roots := []UserGroup{}
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if group.ParentID == nil {
+			roots = append(roots, group)
+			continue
+		}
+		byParent[*group.ParentID] = append(byParent[*group.ParentID], group)
+	}
+	var build func(UserGroup) UserGroupTreeNode
+	build = func(group UserGroup) UserGroupTreeNode {
+		node := UserGroupTreeNode{UserGroup: group, Children: []UserGroupTreeNode{}}
+		for _, child := range byParent[group.ID] {
+			node.Children = append(node.Children, build(child))
+		}
+		return node
+	}
+	tree := make([]UserGroupTreeNode, 0, len(roots))
+	for _, root := range roots {
+		tree = append(tree, build(root))
+	}
+	return tree, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) GetUserGroup(ctx context.Context, id uint64) (*UserGroup, error) {
+	return s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, id)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListUserGroups(ctx context.Context) ([]UserGroup, error) {
+	return s.store.ListUserGroups(ctx)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListChildUserGroups(ctx context.Context, parentID uint64) ([]UserGroup, error) {
+	groups, err := s.store.ListUserGroups(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	children := make([]UserGroup, 0)
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		if group.ParentID != nil && *group.ParentID == parentID {
+			children = append(children, group)
+		}
+	}
+	return children, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) AddUserGroupMembers(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64, userIDs []uint64) error {
+	if _, err := s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, groupID); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return s.store.AddUserGroupMembers(ctx, groupID, uniqueIDs(userIDs))
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RemoveUserGroupMember(ctx context.Context, groupID, userID uint64) error {
+	return s.store.RemoveUserGroupMember(ctx, groupID, userID)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListUserGroupStudentIDs(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64, includeChildren bool) ([]uint64, error) {
+	if groupID == 0 {
+		return s.store.ListAllUserGroupMemberUserIDs(ctx)
+	}
+	groupIDs := []uint64{groupID}
+	if includeChildren {
+		descendantIDs, err := s.store.ListDescendantUserGroupIDs(ctx, groupID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		groupIDs = append(groupIDs, descendantIDs...)
+	}
+	return s.store.ListUserGroupMemberUserIDs(ctx, groupIDs)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListUserGroupMemberships(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64, includeChildren bool) ([]UserGroupMembership, error) {
+	if _, err := s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, groupID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	groupIDs := []uint64{groupID}
+	if includeChildren {
+		descendantIDs, err := s.store.ListDescendantUserGroupIDs(ctx, groupID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		groupIDs = append(groupIDs, descendantIDs...)
+	}
+	return s.store.ListUserGroupMemberships(ctx, groupIDs)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListUserGroupExamAssignments(ctx context.Context, groupID uint64) ([]ExamAssignment, error) {
+	if _, err := s.store.GetUserGroup(ctx, groupID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.store.ListUserGroupExamAssignments(ctx, groupID)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) ListExamAssignments(ctx context.Context, examID uint64) ([]ExamAssignment, error) {
+	if _, err := s.store.GetExam(ctx, examID); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return s.store.ListExamAssignments(ctx, examID)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) AssignExamTargets(ctx context.Context, examID uint64, cmd AssignExamTargetsCommand) (BatchResult, error) {
+	result := BatchResult{Failures: []BatchFailure{}}
+	snapshot, err := s.store.GetExamSnapshotByExamID(ctx, examID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return result, err
+	}
+
+	targetUsers := uniqueIDs(cmd.UserIDs)
+	for _, groupID := range uniqueIDs(cmd.UserGroupIDs) {
+		groupUsers, err := s.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(ctx, groupID, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			result.recordFailure(groupID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		targetUsers = append(targetUsers, groupUsers...)
+		assignment := &ExamAssignment{
+			ExamID:         examID,
+			ExamSnapshotID: snapshot.ID,
+			TargetType:     ExamAssignmentTargetUserGroup,
+			TargetID:       groupID,
+			CreatedBy:      cmd.CreatedBy,
+		}
+		if err := s.store.CreateExamAssignment(ctx, assignment); err != nil {
+			result.recordFailure(groupID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, userID := range uniqueIDs(cmd.UserIDs) {
+		assignment := &ExamAssignment{
+			ExamID:         examID,
+			ExamSnapshotID: snapshot.ID,
+			TargetType:     ExamAssignmentTargetUser,
+			TargetID:       userID,
+			CreatedBy:      cmd.CreatedBy,
+		}
+		if err := s.store.CreateExamAssignment(ctx, assignment); err != nil {
+			result.recordFailure(userID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	targetUsers = uniqueIDs(targetUsers)
+	if len(targetUsers) == 0 {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+
+	existing, err := s.store.ListExamSessionsBySnapshot(ctx, snapshot.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return result, err
+	}
+	existingUsers := make(map[uint64]struct{}, len(existing))
+	for _, session := range existing {
+		existingUsers[session.UserID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, userID := range targetUsers {
+		if _, ok := existingUsers[userID]; ok {
+			result.recordSuccess()
+			continue
+		}
+		session := &ExamSession{
+			ExamSnapshotID: snapshot.ID,
+			UserID:         userID,
+			Status:         SessionStatusNotStarted,
+		}
+		if err := s.store.CreateExamSession(ctx, session); err != nil {
+			result.recordFailure(userID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		result.recordSuccess()
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func (s *Service) RemoveExamAssignment(ctx context.Context, examID, assignmentID uint64) error {
+	assignment, err := s.store.GetExamAssignment(ctx, examID, assignmentID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var userIDs []uint64
+	switch assignment.TargetType {
+	case ExamAssignmentTargetUser:
+		userIDs = []uint64{assignment.TargetID}
+	case ExamAssignmentTargetUserGroup:
+		userIDs, err = s.ListUserGroupStudentIDs(ctx, assignment.TargetID, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	default:
+		return ErrInvalidExamAssignment
+	}
+	sessions, err := s.store.ListExamSessionsBySnapshot(ctx, assignment.ExamSnapshotID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	sessionByUser := make(map[uint64]ExamSession, len(sessions))
+	for _, session := range sessions {
+		sessionByUser[session.UserID] = session
+	}
+	for _, userID := range uniqueIDs(userIDs) {
+		session, ok := sessionByUser[userID]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if session.Status != SessionStatusNotStarted {
+			return errors.Join(ErrInvalidExamStatusTransition, ErrInvalidExamAssignment)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, userID := range uniqueIDs(userIDs) {
+		session, ok := sessionByUser[userID]
+		if ok {
+			if err := s.store.DeleteExamSession(ctx, session.ID); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return s.store.DeleteExamAssignment(ctx, assignment.ID)
+}
diff --git a/internal/infra/database/database.go b/internal/infra/database/database.go
index 516e6a0..1a04184 100644
--- a/internal/infra/database/database.go
+++ b/internal/infra/database/database.go
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ func Open(dsn string) (*gorm.DB, error) {
 func AutoMigrate(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	return db.AutoMigrate(
 		&UserModel{},
+		&UserGroupModel{},
+		&UserGroupMemberModel{},
 		&QuestionModel{},
 		&TestCaseModel{},
 		&PaperModel{},
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@ func AutoMigrate(db *gorm.DB) error {
 		&PaperSectionSnapshotModel{},
 		&QuestionSnapshotModel{},
 		&ExamSessionModel{},
+		&ExamAssignmentModel{},
 		&ExamResultModel{},
 		&QuestionResultModel{},
 		&AnswerDraftModel{},
diff --git a/internal/infra/database/models.go b/internal/infra/database/models.go
index 08a4ae6..c6fc370 100644
--- a/internal/infra/database/models.go
+++ b/internal/infra/database/models.go
@@ -21,6 +21,38 @@ type UserModel struct {
 
 func (UserModel) TableName() string { return "users" }
 
+type UserGroupModel struct {
+	ID               uint64  `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
+	ParentID         *uint64 `gorm:"index"`
+	Name             string  `gorm:"size:128;not null"`
+	Description      string
+	Status           string  `gorm:"size:32;not null;default:ACTIVE"`
+	Source           string  `gorm:"size:32;not null;default:LOCAL"`
+	ExternalProvider *string `gorm:"size:64;uniqueIndex:idx_user_groups_external"`
+	ExternalID       *string `gorm:"size:128;uniqueIndex:idx_user_groups_external"`
+	ExternalParentID *string `gorm:"size:128"`
+	SyncMode         string  `gorm:"size:32;not null;default:LOCAL"`
+	LastSyncedAt     *time.Time
+	CreatedBy        uint64 `gorm:"default:0"`
+	CreatedAt        time.Time
+	UpdatedAt        time.Time
+}
+
+func (UserGroupModel) TableName() string { return "user_groups" }
+
+type UserGroupMemberModel struct {
+	ID               uint64 `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
+	UserGroupID      uint64 `gorm:"index;uniqueIndex:idx_user_group_members_group_user;not null"`
+	UserID           uint64 `gorm:"index;uniqueIndex:idx_user_group_members_group_user;not null"`
+	Source           string `gorm:"size:32;not null;default:LOCAL"`
+	ExternalProvider *string
+	ExternalGroupID  *string
+	ExternalUserID   *string
+	CreatedAt        time.Time
+}
+
+func (UserGroupMemberModel) TableName() string { return "user_group_members" }
+
 type QuestionModel struct {
 	ID            uint64 `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
 	Type          string
@@ -224,6 +256,18 @@ type ExamSessionModel struct {
 
 func (ExamSessionModel) TableName() string { return "exam_sessions" }
 
+type ExamAssignmentModel struct {
+	ID             uint64    `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
+	ExamID         uint64    `gorm:"index;uniqueIndex:idx_exam_assignments_exam_target;not null"`
+	ExamSnapshotID uint64    `gorm:"index;not null"`
+	TargetType     string    `gorm:"size:32;uniqueIndex:idx_exam_assignments_exam_target;not null"`
+	TargetID       uint64    `gorm:"uniqueIndex:idx_exam_assignments_exam_target;not null"`
+	CreatedBy      uint64    `gorm:"default:0"`
+	CreatedAt      time.Time `gorm:"not null"`
+}
+
+func (ExamAssignmentModel) TableName() string { return "exam_assignments" }
+
 type ExamResultModel struct {
 	ID             uint64 `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement"`
 	ExamID         uint64 `gorm:"index;not null"`
diff --git a/migrations/003_user_groups.sql b/migrations/003_user_groups.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d78c283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/003_user_groups.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+-- Examora schema - Phase 3: User groups and exam assignments
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_groups (
+    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    parent_id BIGINT,
+    name VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
+    description TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    status VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'ACTIVE',
+    source VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'LOCAL',
+    external_provider VARCHAR(64),
+    external_id VARCHAR(128),
+    external_parent_id VARCHAR(128),
+    sync_mode VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'LOCAL',
+    last_synced_at TIMESTAMP,
+    created_by BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_groups_parent_id ON user_groups(parent_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_groups_external ON user_groups(external_provider, external_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user_group_members (
+    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    user_group_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    source VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'LOCAL',
+    external_provider VARCHAR(64),
+    external_group_id VARCHAR(128),
+    external_user_id VARCHAR(128),
+    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_group_members_group_user ON user_group_members(user_group_id, user_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_user_group_members_user_id ON user_group_members(user_id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS exam_assignments (
+    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+    exam_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    exam_snapshot_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    target_type VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
+    target_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
+    created_by BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_exam_assignments_exam_target ON exam_assignments(exam_id, target_type, target_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_exam_assignments_exam_snapshot_id ON exam_assignments(exam_snapshot_id);
diff --git a/packages/types/src/index.ts b/packages/types/src/index.ts
index 21ac34e..e0fa971 100644
--- a/packages/types/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/types/src/index.ts
@@ -68,6 +68,19 @@ export const API_PATHS = {
   admin: {
     users: "/api/v1/users",
     user: (userID: number | string) => `/api/v1/users/${userID}`,
+    userGroupTree: "/api/v1/user-groups/tree",
+    userGroups: "/api/v1/user-groups",
+    userGroup: (groupID: number | string) => `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}`,
+    userGroupStudents: (groupID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}/students`,
+    userGroupChildren: (groupID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}/children`,
+    userGroupExamAssignments: (groupID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}/exam-assignments`,
+    userGroupMembers: (groupID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}/members`,
+    userGroupMember: (groupID: number | string, userID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/user-groups/${groupID}/members/${userID}`,
     questions: "/api/v1/questions",
     question: (questionID: number | string) => `/api/v1/questions/${questionID}`,
     questionBatchStatus: "/api/v1/questions/batch/status",
@@ -86,6 +99,23 @@ export const API_PATHS = {
     examPublish: (examID: number | string) =>
       `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/publish`,
     examBatchClose: "/api/v1/exams/batch/close",
+    examSessions: (examID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/sessions`,
+    examCandidates: (examID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/candidates`,
+    examCandidate: (examID: number | string, userID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/candidates/${userID}`,
+    examAssignments: (examID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/assignments`,
+    examAssignment: (examID: number | string, assignmentID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/assignments/${assignmentID}`,
+    examEvents: (examID: number | string) => `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/events`,
+    examResults: (examID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exams/${examID}/results`,
+    examResult: (resultID: number | string) =>
+      `/api/v1/exam-results/${resultID}`,
+    judgeTasks: "/api/v1/judge/tasks",
+    judgeTask: (taskID: number | string) => `/api/v1/judge/tasks/${taskID}`,
   },
 } as const;
 
@@ -344,6 +374,113 @@ export interface AdminExam {
   updated_at: string;
 }
 
+export interface AdminUser {
+  id: number;
+  username: string;
+  display_name?: string;
+  email?: string;
+  role: string;
+  status: string;
+  source: string;
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+export type AdminUserPageResponse = PageResponse<AdminUser>;
+
+export interface AdminUserGroup {
+  id: number;
+  parent_id?: number;
+  name: string;
+  description: string;
+  status: "ACTIVE" | "ARCHIVED";
+  source: "LOCAL" | "LOGTO" | "OIDC" | "SCIM";
+  external_provider?: string;
+  external_id?: string;
+  external_parent_id?: string;
+  sync_mode: "LOCAL" | "SYNCED" | "MAPPED";
+  last_synced_at?: string;
+  created_by: number;
+  created_at: string;
+  updated_at: string;
+  member_count?: number;
+  child_count?: number;
+  children?: AdminUserGroup[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminUserGroupTreeResponse {
+  items: AdminUserGroup[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminUserGroupStudentsResponse {
+  ids: number[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminUserGroupMember {
+  user: AdminUser;
+  user_group_id: number;
+  direct: boolean;
+  source: "LOCAL" | "LOGTO" | "OIDC" | "SCIM";
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+export type AdminUserGroupMemberPageResponse =
+  PageResponse<AdminUserGroupMember>;
+
+export interface AdminUserGroupListResponse {
+  items: AdminUserGroup[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminExamAssignment {
+  id: number;
+  exam_id: number;
+  exam_snapshot_id: number;
+  target_type: "USER" | "USER_GROUP";
+  target_id: number;
+  created_by: number;
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+export interface AdminExamAssignmentListResponse {
+  items: AdminExamAssignment[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminExamSession {
+  id: number;
+  exam_snapshot_id: number;
+  user_id: number;
+  status: ExamSessionStatus;
+  started_at?: string;
+  submitted_at?: string;
+  remaining_seconds?: number;
+}
+
+export interface AdminExamSessionListResponse {
+  items: AdminExamSession[];
+}
+
+export interface BatchFailure {
+  id: number;
+  reason: string;
+}
+
+export interface BatchResult {
+  success_count: number;
+  failed_count: number;
+  failures: BatchFailure[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminClientEvent {
+  id: number;
+  exam_id: number;
+  user_id: number;
+  device_id?: string;
+  event_type: string;
+  payload: Record<string, unknown>;
+  created_at: string;
+}
+
+export type AdminClientEventPageResponse = PageResponse<AdminClientEvent>;
+
 export interface SaveExamPayload {
   title: string;
   description: string;
@@ -360,6 +497,72 @@ export interface PublishExamPayload {
 
 export type AdminExamPageResponse = PageResponse<AdminExam>;
 
+export type AdminExamResultStatus = "GRADED" | "JUDGING" | "MANUAL_REQUIRED";
+
+export interface AdminQuestionResult {
+  id: number;
+  section_snapshot_id: number;
+  question_snapshot_id: number;
+  question_id: number;
+  type: QuestionType;
+  sort_order: number;
+  question_sort_order: number;
+  answer?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  status: QuestionResultStatus;
+  score: number;
+  max_score: number;
+  result?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  submission_id?: number;
+  judged_at?: string;
+}
+
+export interface AdminExamResultSection {
+  section_snapshot_id: number;
+  title: string;
+  description?: string;
+  sort_order: number;
+  score: number;
+  max_score: number;
+  question_count: number;
+  questions?: AdminQuestionResult[];
+}
+
+export interface AdminExamResult {
+  id: number;
+  exam_id: number;
+  exam_snapshot_id: number;
+  exam_session_id: number;
+  user_id: number;
+  status: AdminExamResultStatus;
+  score: number;
+  max_score: number;
+  submitted_at: string;
+  graded_at?: string;
+  sections?: AdminExamResultSection[];
+  questions?: AdminQuestionResult[];
+}
+
+export type AdminExamResultPageResponse = PageResponse<AdminExamResult>;
+
+export interface AdminJudgeTask {
+  id: number;
+  submission_id: number;
+  question_id: number;
+  user_id: number;
+  language: string;
+  status: JudgeStatus;
+  retry_count: number;
+  max_retry_count: number;
+  error_message?: string;
+  result_summary?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  created_at: string;
+  updated_at: string;
+  started_at?: string;
+  finished_at?: string;
+}
+
+export type AdminJudgeTaskPageResponse = PageResponse<AdminJudgeTask>;
+
 // =====================================================================
 // M1: Candidate-facing types (excludes answer and hidden test cases)
 // =====================================================================