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y Fj(data)h(character)706 4031 y Fl(Characters)f(other)h(than)g
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4181 y Fj(document)g(character)f(set)706 4281 y Fl(a)29
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4380 y(SGML)21 b(document)e(has)i(e)o(xactly)f(one)g(document)f
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4480 y(are)h(resolv)o(ed)f(via)h(the)g(document)e(character)h(set.)498
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(of)f(element)g(and)f(entity)h(declarations.)26 b([SGML])299
5255 y(Berners-Lee,)19 b(Connolly)2297 b([P)o(age)19
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(start-tag)e(and)h(end-tag.)706 796 y([SGML])498 940
y Fj(end-tag)706 1040 y Fl(Descripti)n(v)o(e)e(markup)f(that)j
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1190 y Fj(entity)706 1290 y Fl(data)17 b(with)i(an)e(associated)h
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(T)-7 b(ype.)26 b([SGML])498 1539 y Fj(fragment)19 b(identi\256er)706
1639 y Fl(the)h(portion)e(of)i(an)g Fi(HREF)g Fl(attrib)n(ute)g(v)n
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2088 y(ues)i(are)g(gi)n(v)o(en)f(by)h(a)h(user)-5 b(.)498
2238 y Fj(HTML)22 b(document)706 2337 y Fl(An)e(SGML)g(document)e
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2487 y Fj(h)o(yperlink)706 2587 y Fl(a)i(relationship)e(between)h(tw)o
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b(The)21 b(link)h(goes)f(from)g(the)706 2687 y(tail)f(to)f(the)h(head.)
25 b(The)19 b(head)g(and)g(tail)h(are)f(also)h(kno)n(wn)e(as)i
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b(.)498 2836 y Fj(markup)706 2936 y Fl(Syntactically)19
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b(descripti)n(v)o(e)26 b(markup)g(\(tags\),)k(references,)706
3135 y(markup)18 b(declarations,)h(and)g(processing)g(instructions.)26
b([SGML])498 3267 y Fj(may)706 3367 y Fl(A)20 b(document)f(or)g(user)i
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g(or)g(not.)498 3517 y Fj(media)h(type)706 3616 y Fl(an)f(Internet)f
(Media)h(T)-7 b(ype,)19 b(as)i(per)f([IMEDIA].)498 3766
y Fj(message)g(entity)706 3866 y Fl(a)c(head)g(and)g(body)-5
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(\256elds,)j(and)f(the)g(body)f(is)i(a)g(sequence)706
3965 y(of)24 b(octets.)39 b(The)24 b(head)g(de\256nes)g(the)g(content)f
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b(.)706 4065 y([MIME])498 4209 y Fj(minimally)21 b(conf)n(orming)e
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b(It)22 b(may)f(only)706 4408 y(process)e(le)n(v)o(el)h(1)h(HTML)e
(documents.)498 4555 y Fj(must)706 4655 y Fl(Documents)g(or)h(user)g
(agents)f(in)i(con\257ict)f(with)g(this)h(statement)f(are)g(not)g
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4904 y Fl(markup)f(that)i(refers)g(to)g(a)h(character)e(by)h(its)h
(code)e(position)h(in)g(the)g(document)f(character)f(set.)299
5255 y(Berners-Lee,)h(Connolly)2297 b([P)o(age)19 b(8])p
eop
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497 y Fj(SGML)i(document)706 597 y Fl(A)29 b(sequence)f(of)g
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896 y([SGML])498 1040 y Fj(shall)706 1140 y Fl(If)17
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1239 y(i\256cation.)498 1372 y Fj(should)706 1472 y Fl(If)23
b(a)g(document)e(or)i(user)g(agent)g(con\257icts)g(with)g(this)h
(statement,)f(undesirable)f(results)h(may)g(occur)706
1572 y(in)d(practice)g(e)n(v)o(en)f(though)f(it)j(conforms)d(to)j(this)
f(speci\256cation.)498 1718 y Fj(start-tag)706 1818 y
Fl(Descripti)n(v)o(e)12 b(markup)g(that)i(identi\256es)g(the)f(start)i
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706 1917 y(and)19 b(attrib)n(utes.)27 b([SGML])498 2062
y Fj(syntax-r)o(efer)o(ence)17 b(character)i(set)706
2161 y Fl(A)26 b(coded)e(character)g(set)i(whose)f(range)g(includes)f
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2261 y(characters)19 b(and)h(delimiter)f(characters.)498
2391 y Fj(tag)706 2490 y Fl(Markup)f(that)j(delimits)f(an)g(element.)26
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(element)f(dec-)706 2590 y(laration)g(in)h(the)h(DTD,)f(and)f(may)h
(include)f(attrib)n(utes.)27 b([SGML])498 2740 y Fj(text)20
b(entity)706 2840 y Fl(A)25 b(\256nite)g(sequence)e(of)i(characters.)39
b(A)25 b(te)o(xt)g(entity)f(typically)g(tak)o(es)h(the)g(form)e(of)i(a)
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b([SGML])498 3183 y Fj(typical)706 3283 y Fl(T)-7 b(ypical)23
b(processing)g(is)i(described)e(for)g(man)o(y)g(elements.)38
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3382 y(speci\256cation)17 b(b)n(ut)h(is)g(gi)n(v)o(en)f(as)i(guidance)d
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(for)g(a)h(re-)706 3814 y(source,)d(typically)g(on)h(the)g(Internet.)31
b(URIs)22 b(are)g(used)g(in)g(HTML)g(to)g(identify)f(the)h(anchors)e
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(include)g(Uniform)f(Resource)i(Locators)e(\(URLs\)[URL])706
4013 y(and)c(Relati)n(v)o(e)h(URLs)i([RELURL].)498 4154
y Fj(user)f(agent)706 4254 y Fl(A)e(component)e(of)h(a)i(distrib)n
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4504 y Fj(WWW)706 4603 y Fl(The)e(W)-7 b(orld-W)m(ide)17
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(CERN)g(in)f(Switzerland.)26 b Fi(<URL:http://www.w3.org/>)299
5255 y Fl(Berners-Lee,)19 b(Connolly)2297 b([P)o(age)19
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523 y Fe(3)100 b(HTML)27 b(as)i(an)f(Application)f(of)h(SGML)498
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(The)i(public)f(te)o(xt)g(\320)i(DTD)f(and)f(SGML)498
1071 y(declaration)19 b(\320)i(of)e(the)i(HTML)f(document)e(type)i
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1220 y(The)25 b(term)f Fc(HTML)34 b Fl(refers)24 b(to)h(both)f(the)h
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(type.)299 1710 y Fe(3.1)100 b(SGML)27 b(Documents)498
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b(speci\256es)g(the)f(document)e(char)n(-)498 2956 y(acter)25
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b(html)h(PUBLIC)g("-//IETF//DTD)e(HTML)i(2.0//EN">)498
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(in)j(Section)e(9.5.)26 b(According)498 4417 y(to)20
b(its)i(document)c(character)h(set,)i Fi(*)e Fl(refers)h(to)g(an)h
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(abo)o(v)o(e)e(is)j(re)o(garded)d(as)j(the)f(follo)n(wing)f(sequence)g
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4965 y(2.)41 b(data)20 b(characters:)26 b(\252P)o(arsing)19
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b([P)o(age)20 b(10])p eop
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12 11 bop 299 203 a Fl(INTERNET)-8 b(-DRAFT)402 b(Hyperte)o(xt)18
b(Markup)h(Language)f(-)j(2.0)433 b(September)19 b(22,)g(1995)498
523 y(Some)13 b(of)g(the)h(elements)f(are)g(delimited)g(e)o(xplicitly)f
(by)h(tags,)i(while)f(the)f(boundaries)e(of)j(others)e(are)i(inferred.)
498 623 y(The)k Fi(<HTML>)g Fl(element)h(contains)e(a)i
Fi(<HEAD>)g Fl(element)f(and)g(a)h Fi(<BODY>)f Fl(element.)25
b(The)19 b Fi(<HEAD>)f Fl(con-)498 722 y(tains)j Fi(<TITLE>)p
Fl(,)e(which)h(is)h(e)o(xplicitly)e(delimited)g(by)h(start-)g(and)g
(end-tags.)299 1110 y Fe(3.2)100 b(HTML)27 b(Le)o(xical)h(Syntax)498
1359 y Fl(SGML)23 b(speci\256es)g(an)g(abstract)f(syntax)g(and)g(a)i
(reference)d(concrete)g(syntax.)34 b(Aside)23 b(from)e(certain)h(quan-)
498 1459 y(tities)h(and)e(capacities)g(\(e.g.)31 b(the)22
b(limit)g(on)f(the)h(length)e(of)i(a)g(name\),)f(all)h(HTML)f
(documents)f(use)i(the)g(ref-)498 1558 y(erence)f(concrete)g(syntax.)31
b(In)22 b(particular)m(,)f(all)h(markup)e(characters)h(are)h(in)g(the)g
(repertoire)f(of)g([ISO-646].)498 1658 y(Data)g(characters)e(are)h(dra)
o(wn)f(from)g(the)h(document)f(character)f(set)j(\(see)g(Section)f
(6\).)498 1807 y(A)28 b(complete)d(discussion)i(of)f(SGML)h(parsing,)h
(e.g.)46 b(the)27 b(mapping)e(of)i(a)g(sequence)f(of)h(characters)e(to)
j(a)498 1907 y(sequence)14 b(of)h(tags)h(and)f(data,)g(is)i(left)e(to)h
(the)f(SGML)g(standard[SGML].)e(This)j(section)f(is)h(only)e(a)i
(summary)-5 b(.)299 2295 y Fb(3.2.1)100 b(Data)28 b(Characters)498
2544 y Fl(An)o(y)21 b(sequence)g(of)h(characters)f(that)h(do)f(not)h
(constitute)f(markup)f(\(see)i(9.6)f(\252Delimiter)h(Recognition\272)e
(of)498 2643 y([SGML]\))13 b(are)i(mapped)d(directly)i(to)g(strings)g
(of)g(data)g(characters.)24 b(Some)14 b(markup)e(also)j(maps)f(to)g
(data)g(char)n(-)498 2743 y(acter)24 b(strings.)39 b(Numeric)23
b(character)g(references)g(map)h(to)g(single-character)e(strings,)j
(via)g(the)f(document)498 2842 y(character)c(set.)29
b(Each)21 b(reference)e(to)i(one)f(of)h(the)g(general)e(entities)j
(de\256ned)e(in)h(the)f(HTML)h(DTD)g(maps)g(to)498 2942
y(a)g(single-character)d(string.)498 3092 y(F)o(or)i(e)o(xample,)498
3311 y Fi(abc<def)198 b(=>)49 b("abc","<","def")498
3411 y(abc<def)148 b(=>)49 b("abc","<","def")498
3630 y Fl(The)16 b(terminating)f(semicolon)g(on)h(entity)g(or)g
(numeric)f(character)g(references)g(is)i(only)f(necessary)f(when)h(the)
498 3730 y(character)j(follo)n(wing)e(the)j(reference)e(w)o(ould)h
(otherwise)g(be)g(recognized)f(as)i(part)f(of)h(the)f(name)g(\(see)h
(9.4.5)498 3829 y(\252Reference)f(End\272)h(in)g([SGML]\).)498
4049 y Fi(abc)49 b(<)h(def)248 b(=>)50 b("abc)f(","<",")f(def")498
4149 y(abc)h(<)g(def)199 b(=>)50 b("abc)f(","<",")f(def")498
4368 y Fl(An)20 b(ampersand)f(is)i(only)e(recognized)f(as)j(markup)e
(when)g(it)i(is)g(follo)n(wed)e(by)h(a)g(letter)h(or)f(a)g
Fi(#)h Fl(and)e(a)i(digit:)498 4587 y Fi(abc)49 b(&)h(lt)f(def)199
b(=>)50 b("abc)f(&)g(lt)h(def")498 4687 y(abc)f(&#)h(60)f(def)199
b(=>)49 b("abc)g(&#)h(60)f(def")498 4907 y Fl(A)20 b(useful)f
(technique)e(for)i(translating)f(plain)h(te)o(xt)g(to)h(HTML)f(is)h(to)
f(replace)g(each)g('<',)g('&',)f(and)h('>')g(by)g(an)498
5006 y(entity)h(reference)f(or)g(numeric)g(character)g(reference)g(as)i
(follo)n(ws:)299 5255 y(Berners-Lee,)e(Connolly)2255
b([P)o(age)20 b(12])p eop
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13 12 bop 299 203 a Fl(INTERNET)-8 b(-DRAFT)402 b(Hyperte)o(xt)18
b(Markup)h(Language)f(-)j(2.0)433 b(September)19 b(22,)g(1995)1345
523 y Fi(ENTITY)298 b(NUMERIC)847 623 y(CHARACTER)48
b(REFERENCE)148 b(CHAR)49 b(REF)248 b(CHARACTER)48 b(DESCRIPTION)847
722 y(---------)g(----------)98 b(-----------)f(---------------------)
946 822 y(&)349 b(&)f(&)397 b(Ampersand)946 922
y(<)349 b(<)398 b(<)f(Less)49 b(than)946 1021
y(>)349 b(>)398 b(>)f(Greater)49 b(than)706 1242
y Fj(NO)m(TE)24 b(\261)f Fl(There)f(are)i(SGML)f(mechanisms,)g(CD)m(A)
-9 b(T)h(A)24 b(and)f(RCD)m(A)-9 b(T)h(A)24 b(declared)e(content,)706
1341 y(that)d(allo)n(w)g(most)g Fi(<)p Fl(,)g Fi(>)p
Fl(,)g(and)g Fi(&)g Fl(characters)f(to)h(be)g(entered)f(without)h(the)g
(use)g(of)f(entity)h(refer)n(-)706 1441 y(ences.)26 b(Because)18
b(these)g(mechanisms)e(tend)i(to)g(be)f(used)h(and)f(implemented)f
(inconsistently)-5 b(,)706 1541 y(and)23 b(because)g(the)o(y)g
(con\257ict)h(with)g(techniques)e(for)h(reducing)f(HTML)i(to)g(7)g(bit)
g(ASCII)g(for)706 1640 y(transport,)18 b(the)o(y)i(are)g(deprecated)e
(in)j(this)f(v)o(ersion)f(of)h(HTML.)g(See)h(Section)e(5.5.2.1.)299
2028 y Fb(3.2.2)100 b(T)-11 b(ags)498 2277 y Fl(T)k(ags)30
b(delimit)g(elements)f(such)h(as)g(headings,)h(paragraphs,)f(lists,)j
(character)28 b(highlighting,)i(and)f(links.)498 2377
y(Most)j(HTML)g(elements)f(are)h(identi\256ed)f(in)h(a)g(document)e(as)
i(a)g(start-tag,)i(which)d(gi)n(v)o(es)h(the)g(element)498
2476 y(name)21 b(and)f(attrib)n(utes,)i(follo)n(wed)e(by)g(the)i
(content,)e(follo)n(wed)g(by)h(the)g(end)f(tag.)31 b(Start-tags)21
b(are)g(delimited)498 2576 y(by)f Fi(<)g Fl(and)g Fi(>)p
Fl(;)h(end)e(tags)i(are)f(delimited)f(by)h Fi(</)h Fl(and)e
Fi(>)p Fl(.)27 b(An)21 b(e)o(xample)d(is:)498 2797 y
Fi(<H1>This)48 b(is)i(a)g(Heading</H1>)498 3017 y Fl(Some)17
b(elements)f(only)g(ha)n(v)o(e)g(a)h(start-tag)f(without)g(an)h
(end-tag.)24 b(F)o(or)17 b(e)o(xample,)e(to)i(create)g(a)g(line)g
(break,)f(use)498 3117 y(the)e Fi(<BR>)g Fl(tag.)25 b(Additionally)-5
b(,)13 b(the)h(end)f(tags)h(of)g(some)g(other)f(elements,)i(such)e(as)i
(P)o(aragraph)d(\()p Fi(</P>)p Fl(\),)i(List)498 3217
y(Item)21 b(\()p Fi(</LI>)p Fl(\),)f(De\256nition)h(T)-6
b(erm)20 b(\()p Fi(</DT>)p Fl(\),)g(and)h(De\256nition)f(Description)g
(\()p Fi(</DD>)p Fl(\))h(elements,)f(may)498 3316 y(be)g(omitted.)498
3466 y(The)k(content)f(of)h(an)h(element)e(is)i(a)g(sequence)e(of)h
(data)g(character)f(strings)i(and)e(nested)h(elements.)39
b(Some)498 3565 y(elements,)26 b(such)e(as)i(anchors,)f(cannot)f(be)h
(nested.)40 b(Anchors)24 b(and)h(character)e(highlighting)g(may)h(be)h
(put)498 3665 y(inside)20 b(other)g(constructs.)26 b(See)20
b(the)g(HTML)g(DTD,)h(Section)e(9.1)h(for)f(full)i(details.)706
3871 y Fj(NO)m(TE)29 b(\261)g Fl(The)g(SGML)g(declaration)f(for)g(HTML)
h(speci\256es)g(SHOR)-5 b(TT)d(A)m(G)30 b(YES,)f(which)706
3971 y(means)21 b(that)h(there)f(are)h(other)e(v)n(alid)i(syntax)o(es)f
(for)g(tags,)h(such)f(as)h(NET)g(tags,)g Fi(<EM/.../)p
Fl(;)706 4070 y(empty)g(start)i(tags,)g Fi(<>)p Fl(;)h(and)e(empty)g
(end-tags,)f Fi(</>)p Fl(.)37 b(Until)23 b(support)f(for)h(these)g
(idioms)g(is)706 4170 y(widely)c(deplo)o(yed,)f(their)i(use)h(is)g
(strongly)e(discouraged.)299 4558 y Fb(3.2.3)100 b(Names)498
4807 y Fl(A)17 b(name)f(consists)h(of)f(a)h(letter)f(follo)n(wed)f(by)h
(letters,)i(digits,)f(periods,)e(or)i(hyphens.)23 b(The)16
b(length)g(of)g(a)h(name)498 4907 y(is)f(limited)f(to)g(72)f
(characters)g(by)h(the)g Fi(NAMELEN)f Fl(parameter)g(in)h(the)g(SGML)g
(declaration)e(for)h(HTML,)h(Sec-)498 5006 y(tion)j(9.5.)26
b(Element)17 b(and)h(attrib)n(ute)g(names)g(are)g(not)g(case)h(sensiti)
n(v)o(e,)f(b)n(ut)h(entity)f(names)f(are.)27 b(F)o(or)18
b(e)o(xample,)299 5255 y(Berners-Lee,)h(Connolly)2255
b([P)o(age)20 b(13])p eop
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14 13 bop 299 203 a Fl(INTERNET)-8 b(-DRAFT)402 b(Hyperte)o(xt)18
b(Markup)h(Language)f(-)j(2.0)433 b(September)19 b(22,)g(1995)498
523 y Fi(<BLOCKQUOTE>)p Fl(,)d Fi(<BlockQuote>)p Fl(,)g(and)g
Fi(<blockquote>)f Fl(are)i(equi)n(v)n(alent,)f(whereas)g
Fi(&)i Fl(is)498 623 y(dif)n(ferent)h(from)g Fi(&)p
Fl(.)498 772 y(In)h(a)h(start-tag,)e(the)h(element)g(name)g(must)g
(immediately)f(follo)n(w)g(the)h(tag)h(open)e(delimiter)g
Fi(<)p Fl(.)299 1162 y Fb(3.2.4)100 b(Attributes)498
1411 y Fl(In)19 b(a)h(start-tag,)f(white)g(space)h(and)f(attrib)n(utes)
g(are)g(allo)n(wed)g(between)f(the)i(element)f(name)f(and)h(the)h
(closing)498 1511 y(delimiter)-5 b(.)34 b(An)22 b(attrib)n(ute)g
(speci\256cation)g(typically)g(consists)h(of)f(an)g(attrib)n(ute)g
(name,)g(an)h(equal)f(sign,)g(and)498 1610 y(a)e(v)n(alue,)e(though)g
(some)h(attrib)n(ute)f(speci\256cations)h(may)g(be)g(just)h(a)f(name)g
(tok)o(en.)26 b(White)19 b(space)g(is)i(allo)n(wed)498
1710 y(around)d(the)j(equal)e(sign.)498 1859 y(The)h(v)n(alue)f(of)h
(the)h(attrib)n(ute)e(may)h(be)g(either:)623 2091 y Fa(\017)41
b Fl(A)24 b(string)g(literal,)g(delimited)f(by)h(single)f(quotes)h(or)f
(double)g(quotes)g(and)g(not)g(containing)f(an)o(y)h(oc-)706
2190 y(currences)18 b(of)i(the)h(delimiting)e(character)-5
b(.)888 2356 y Fj(NO)m(TE)26 b(\261)f Fl(Some)g(historical)f
(implementations)f(consider)h(an)o(y)g(occurrence)f(of)i(the)g
Fi(>)888 2455 y Fl(character)54 b(to)i(signal)f(the)g(end)g(of)g(a)h
(tag.)132 b(F)o(or)55 b(compatibility)f(with)i(such)888
2555 y(implementations,)76 b(when)65 b Fi(>)i Fl(appears)e(in)i(an)f
(attrib)n(ute)g(v)n(alue,)76 b(it)67 b(should)888 2655
y(be)c(represented)e(with)i(a)g(numeric)f(character)f(reference.)153
b(F)o(or)63 b(e)o(xample,)888 2754 y Fi(<IMG)49 b(SRC="eq1.jpg")f
(alt="a>b">)95 b Fl(should)g(be)h(written)f Fi(<IMG)888
2854 y(SRC="eq1.jpg")48 b(alt="a>b">)100 b Fl(or)h
Fi(<IMG)49 b(SRC="eq1.jpg")888 2954 y(alt="a>b">)p
Fl(.)623 3119 y Fa(\017)41 b Fl(A)24 b(name)f(tok)o(en)h(\(a)f
(sequence)g(of)h(letters,)h(digits,)g(periods,)e(or)h(hyphens\).)35
b(Name)24 b(tok)o(ens)f(are)h(not)706 3219 y(case)c(sensiti)n(v)o(e.)
888 3384 y Fj(NO)m(TE)d(\261)f Fl(Some)g(historical)f(implementations)f
(allo)n(w)i(an)o(y)g(character)f(e)o(xcept)g(space)h(or)888
3484 y Fi(>)21 b Fl(in)f(a)h(name)e(tok)o(en.)498 3715
y(In)64 b(this)h(e)o(xample,)74 b Fi(<img>)64 b Fl(is)h(the)g(element)e
(name,)75 b Fi(src)64 b Fl(is)i(the)e(attrib)n(ute)g(name,)74
b(and)498 3815 y Fi(http://host/dir/file.gif)16 b Fl(is)22
b(the)e(attrib)n(ute)g(v)n(alue:)498 4046 y Fi(<img)49
b(src='http://host/dir/file.gif'>)498 4277 y Fl(A)23
b(useful)e(technique)f(for)i(computing)d(an)j(attrib)n(ute)g(v)n(alue)f
(literal)h(for)f(a)i(gi)n(v)o(en)d(string)i(is)h(to)f(replace)f(each)
498 4377 y(quote)13 b(and)h(white)h(space)f(character)f(by)h(an)g
(entity)g(reference)f(or)h(numeric)f(character)g(reference)f(as)j
(follo)n(ws:)1345 4608 y Fi(ENTITY)298 b(NUMERIC)847
4707 y(CHARACTER)48 b(REFERENCE)148 b(CHAR)49 b(REF)248
b(CHARACTER)48 b(DESCRIPTION)847 4807 y(---------)g(----------)98
b(-----------)f(---------------------)946 4907 y(HT)897
b(	)447 b(Tab)946 5006 y(LF)897 b( )397 b(Line)49
b(Feed)299 5255 y Fl(Berners-Lee,)19 b(Connolly)2255
b([P)o(age)20 b(14])p eop
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15 14 bop 299 203 a Fl(INTERNET)-8 b(-DRAFT)402 b(Hyperte)o(xt)18
b(Markup)h(Language)f(-)j(2.0)433 b(September)19 b(22,)g(1995)946
523 y Fi(CR)897 b( )397 b(Carriage)49 b(Return)946
623 y(SP)897 b( )397 b(Space)946 722 y(")349 b(")298
b(")397 b(Quotation)48 b(mark)946 822 y(&)349 b(&)f(&)397
b(Ampersand)498 1013 y Fl(F)o(or)20 b(e)o(xample:)498
1205 y Fi(<IMG)49 b(SRC="image.jpg")e(alt="First)h("real")f
(example">)498 1396 y Fl(The)16 b Fi(NAMELEN)f Fl(parameter)g(in)h(the)
g(SGML)h(declaration)d(\(Section)i(9.5\))f(limits)i(the)f(length)f(of)h
(an)g(attrib)n(ute)498 1496 y(v)n(alue)k(to)g(1024)f(characters.)498
1645 y(Attrib)n(utes)c(such)f(as)i(ISMAP)f(and)f(COMP)-8