From f33d27f8fa1d48fbc01b04cab718d8e87b2e85ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Brush <mbrush@codebrainz.ca>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 12:38:30 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Use ARCH make variable in dump target

---
 Makefile | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 282b54e6..e7dfd903 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ run:
 debug:
 	$(MAKE) $(MODE)
 	./rundebug MODE=$(MODE) $(ARGS)
-  
+
 dump:
 	$(OBJCOPY) -O binary kernel.elf kernel.img
-	aarch64-none-elf-objdump -D kernel.elf > dump
-  
+	$(ARCH)-objdump -D kernel.elf > dump
+
 install:
 	$(MAKE) clean
 	$(MAKE) LOAD_ADDR=0x80000 XHCI_CTX_SIZE=64 QEMU=false all

From 939a9999218017e3d60ad98647600d4e2b5b7c35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Brush <mbrush@codebrainz.ca>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 12:42:27 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Use building make variable RM (for `rm -f`)

---
 Makefile        | 4 ++--
 kernel/Makefile | 2 +-
 shared/Makefile | 2 +-
 user/Makefile   | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index e7dfd903..11de4c4c 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ clean:
 	$(MAKE) -C user   clean
 	$(MAKE) -C kernel clean
 	@echo "removing fs dirs"
-	rm -rf $(FS_DIRS)
+	$(RM) -r $(FS_DIRS)
 	@echo "removing images"
-	rm -f kernel.img kernel.elf disk.img dump
+	$(RM) kernel.img kernel.elf disk.img dump
 
 raspi:
 	$(MAKE) LOAD_ADDR=0x80000 XHCI_CTX_SIZE=64 QEMU=true all
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index 8d936996..c1d2f4e6 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ $(TARGET): ../shared/libshared.a $(OBJ)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-rtti -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	rm -f $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(ELF) $(TARGET)
+	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(ELF) $(TARGET)
 
 -include $(DEP)
diff --git a/shared/Makefile b/shared/Makefile
index d815120d..c9af41dd 100644
--- a/shared/Makefile
+++ b/shared/Makefile
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ $(TARGET): $(OBJ)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-rtti -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	rm -f $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)
+	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)
 
 -include $(DEP)
diff --git a/user/Makefile b/user/Makefile
index 3f9ce25e..818baaa9 100644
--- a/user/Makefile
+++ b/user/Makefile
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ $(LOCATION)$(TARGET): $(OBJ)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-rtti -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
-	rm -f $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)
+	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)
 
 -include $(DEP)

From e832de3ec1f279ada60ddeedcc345af613e933ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Brush <mbrush@codebrainz.ca>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 13:21:11 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Split C and C++ compilers and flags

Instead of using `gcc` to compile both C and C++, use `gcc` for C
and `g++` for C++. This allows to split flags more cleanly.
Re-organize flag variables a bit, adding `CPPFLAGS` for C
preprocessor flags, `CFLAGS` for C compiler flags and
`CXXFLAGS` for C++ compiler flags.
---
 Makefile        | 16 ++++++++++------
 kernel/Makefile | 15 ++++++++++-----
 shared/Makefile |  8 +++++---
 user/Makefile   | 10 ++++++----
 4 files changed, 31 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 11de4c4c..ab1b652c 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,21 +1,25 @@
 ARCH       ?= aarch64-none-elf
 CC         := $(ARCH)-gcc
+CXX        := $(ARCH)-g++
 LD         := $(ARCH)-ld
 AR         := $(ARCH)-ar
 OBJCOPY    := $(ARCH)-objcopy
 
-CFLAGS_BASE  ?= -g -O0 -nostdlib -ffreestanding \
-                -fno-exceptions -fno-unwind-tables -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables \
-                -Wall -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-address-of-packed-member -mcpu=cortex-a72
-CONLY_FLAGS_BASE ?= -std=c17
-LDFLAGS_BASE ?=
+COMMON_FLAGS  ?= -ffreestanding -nostdlib -fno-exceptions -fno-unwind-tables \
+                 -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -g -O0 -Wall -Wextra \
+                 -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-address-of-packed-member \
+                 -mcpu=cortex-a72
+
+CFLAGS_BASE   ?= $(COMMON_FLAGS) -std=c17
+CXXFLAGS_BASE ?= $(COMMON_FLAGS) -fno-rtti
+LDFLAGS_BASE  ?=
 
 LOAD_ADDR      ?= 0x41000000
 XHCI_CTX_SIZE  ?= 32
 QEMU           ?= true
 MODE           ?= virt
 
-export ARCH CC LD AR OBJCOPY CFLAGS_BASE CONLY_FLAGS_BASE LDFLAGS_BASE LOAD_ADDR XHCI_CTX_SIZE QEMU
+export ARCH CC CXX LD AR OBJCOPY COMMON_FLAGS CFLAGS_BASE CXXFLAGS_BASE LDFLAGS_BASE LOAD_ADDR XHCI_CTX_SIZE QEMU
 
 OS      := $(shell uname)
 FS_DIRS := fs/redos/user
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index c1d2f4e6..a32a8108 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 #kernel
 # toolchain (inherited from top-level)
 
-CFLAGS := $(CFLAGS_BASE) -I. -I../shared -I../user -DXHCI_CTX_SIZE=$(XHCI_CTX_SIZE)
+CPPFLAGS := -I. -I../shared -I../user -DXHCI_CTX_SIZE=$(XHCI_CTX_SIZE)
+
 ifeq ($(QEMU),true)
-  CFLAGS += -DQEMU
+  CPPFLAGS += -DQEMU
 endif
 
-LDFLAGS := $(LDFLAGS_BASE) -T $(shell ls *.ld) --defsym=LOAD_ADDR=$(LOAD_ADDR)
+CFLAGS   := $(CFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
+CXXFLAGS := $(CXXFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS  := $(LDFLAGS_BASE) -T $(shell ls *.ld) --defsym=LOAD_ADDR=$(LOAD_ADDR)
 
 CLEAN_OBJS := $(shell find . -name '*.o')
 CLEAN_DEPS := $(shell find . -name '*.d')
@@ -28,10 +31,12 @@ $(TARGET): ../shared/libshared.a $(OBJ)
 
 %.o: %.S
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+
 %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CONLY_FLAGS_BASE) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+
 %.o: %.cpp
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-rtti -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(ELF) $(TARGET)
diff --git a/shared/Makefile b/shared/Makefile
index c9af41dd..7814cced 100644
--- a/shared/Makefile
+++ b/shared/Makefile
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #shared
-CFLAGS  := $(CFLAGS_BASE) -I. -I../kernel -Wno-unused-parameter
+CPPFLAGS := -I. -I../kernel
+CFLAGS   := $(CFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
+CXXFLAGS := $(CXXFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
 
 CLEAN_OBJS := $(shell find . -name '*.o')
 CLEAN_DEPS := $(shell find . -name '*.d')
@@ -22,10 +24,10 @@ $(TARGET): $(OBJ)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CONLY_FLAGS_BASE) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.cpp
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-rtti -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)
diff --git a/user/Makefile b/user/Makefile
index 818baaa9..5c1c88a7 100644
--- a/user/Makefile
+++ b/user/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #user
-CFLAGS  := $(CFLAGS_BASE) -I. -I../shared -Wno-unused-parameter
-LDFLAGS := -T $(shell ls *.ld)
+CPPFLAGS := -I. -I../shared
+CFLAGS   := $(CFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
+CXXFLAGS := $(CXXFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS  := -T $(shell ls *.ld)
 
 CLEAN_OBJS := $(shell find . -name '*.o')
 CLEAN_DEPS := $(shell find . -name '*.d')
@@ -26,10 +28,10 @@ $(LOCATION)$(TARGET): $(OBJ)
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CONLY_FLAGS_BASE) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.cpp
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -fno-rtti -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)

From 4070d03c632f005a159d1186d236fdcdd4ea031c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Brush <mbrush@codebrainz.ca>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 13:46:44 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Implement "silent" Make rules by default

This makes it easier to see the build output/warnings.
Full build output can be enabled with `make V=1`.
---
 Makefile        | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
 kernel/Makefile |  8 ++++----
 shared/Makefile |  8 ++++----
 user/Makefile   |  8 ++++----
 4 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ab1b652c..152dbeb9 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -19,7 +19,23 @@ XHCI_CTX_SIZE  ?= 32
 QEMU           ?= true
 MODE           ?= virt
 
-export ARCH CC CXX LD AR OBJCOPY COMMON_FLAGS CFLAGS_BASE CXXFLAGS_BASE LDFLAGS_BASE LOAD_ADDR XHCI_CTX_SIZE QEMU
+ifeq ($(V), 1)
+  VAR  = $(AR)
+  VAS  = $(CC)
+  VCC  = $(CC)
+  VCXX = $(CXX)
+  VLD  = $(LD)
+else
+  VAR  = @echo "  [AR]   $@" && $(AR)
+  VAS  = @echo "  [AS]   $@" && $(CC)
+  VCC  = @echo "  [CC]   $@" && $(CC)
+  VCXX = @echo "  [CXX]  $@" && $(CXX)
+  VLD  = @echo "  [LD]   $@" && $(LD)
+endif
+
+export AR AS CC CXX LD OBJCOPY
+export VAR VAS VCC VCXX VLD
+export ARCH COMMON_FLAGS CFLAGS_BASE CXXFLAGS_BASE LDFLAGS_BASE LOAD_ADDR XHCI_CTX_SIZE QEMU
 
 OS      := $(shell uname)
 FS_DIRS := fs/redos/user
@@ -93,4 +109,6 @@ help:
   make debug        build and run with debugger\n\
   make dump         disassemble kernel.elf\n\
   make install      create raspi kernel and mount it on a bootable partition\n\
-  make prepare-fs   create directories for the filesystem\n\n"
+  make prepare-fs   create directories for the filesystem\n\n"\
+  \n\
+  Use 'make V=1' for verbose build output.
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index a32a8108..fb7ffb5c 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -26,17 +26,17 @@ TARGET  := ../kernel.img
 all: $(TARGET)
 
 $(TARGET): ../shared/libshared.a $(OBJ)
-	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(ELF) $(OBJL) ../shared/libshared.a
+	$(VLD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(ELF) $(OBJL) ../shared/libshared.a
 	$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $(ELF) $@
 
 %.o: %.S
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VAS) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VCC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.cpp
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VCXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(ELF) $(TARGET)
diff --git a/shared/Makefile b/shared/Makefile
index 7814cced..0c1f4f98 100644
--- a/shared/Makefile
+++ b/shared/Makefile
@@ -18,16 +18,16 @@ TARGET  := libshared.a
 all: $(TARGET)
 
 $(TARGET): $(OBJ)
-	$(AR) rcs $@ $^
+	$(VAR) rcs $@ $^
 
 %.o: %.S
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VAS) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VCC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.cpp
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VCXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)
diff --git a/user/Makefile b/user/Makefile
index 5c1c88a7..e479a372 100644
--- a/user/Makefile
+++ b/user/Makefile
@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@ LOCATION := ../fs/redos/user/
 all: $(LOCATION)$(TARGET)
 
 $(LOCATION)$(TARGET): $(OBJ)
-	$(LD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(LOCATION)$(ELF) $(OBJ) ../shared/libshared.a
+	$(VLD) $(LDFLAGS) -o $(LOCATION)$(ELF) $(OBJ) ../shared/libshared.a
 	$(OBJCOPY) -O binary $(LOCATION)$(ELF) $@
 
 %.o: %.S
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VAS) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.c
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VCC) $(CFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 %.o: %.cpp
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
+	$(VCXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c -MMD -MP $< -o $@
 
 clean:
 	$(RM) $(CLEAN_OBJS) $(CLEAN_DEPS) $(TARGET)

From af5c969b1c9cfe4218bfd1f73d430524328d12e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Brush <mbrush@codebrainz.ca>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 13:53:08 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Use  instead of repeating targets

---
 Makefile | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 152dbeb9..8809e711 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ kernel:
 	$(MAKE) -C kernel LOAD_ADDR=$(LOAD_ADDR) XHCI_CTX_SIZE=$(XHCI_CTX_SIZE) QEMU=$(QEMU)
 
 clean:
-	$(MAKE) -C shared clean
-	$(MAKE) -C user   clean
-	$(MAKE) -C kernel clean
+	$(MAKE) -C shared $@
+	$(MAKE) -C user   $@
+	$(MAKE) -C kernel $@
 	@echo "removing fs dirs"
 	$(RM) -r $(FS_DIRS)
 	@echo "removing images"

From d66a325fe36c22ee6923117f7c001a6c4ea4c548 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matthew Brush <mbrush@codebrainz.ca>
Date: Sun, 10 Aug 2025 14:01:52 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Extract common variables into common.mk

Include common.mk from the other Makefiles instead of exporting
variables from the top-level Makefile so they get expanded
correctly.
---
 Makefile        | 39 +--------------------------------------
 common.mk       | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 kernel/Makefile |  2 ++
 shared/Makefile |  3 +++
 user/Makefile   |  3 +++
 5 files changed, 43 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 common.mk

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 8809e711..3255c719 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,41 +1,4 @@
-ARCH       ?= aarch64-none-elf
-CC         := $(ARCH)-gcc
-CXX        := $(ARCH)-g++
-LD         := $(ARCH)-ld
-AR         := $(ARCH)-ar
-OBJCOPY    := $(ARCH)-objcopy
-
-COMMON_FLAGS  ?= -ffreestanding -nostdlib -fno-exceptions -fno-unwind-tables \
-                 -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -g -O0 -Wall -Wextra \
-                 -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-address-of-packed-member \
-                 -mcpu=cortex-a72
-
-CFLAGS_BASE   ?= $(COMMON_FLAGS) -std=c17
-CXXFLAGS_BASE ?= $(COMMON_FLAGS) -fno-rtti
-LDFLAGS_BASE  ?=
-
-LOAD_ADDR      ?= 0x41000000
-XHCI_CTX_SIZE  ?= 32
-QEMU           ?= true
-MODE           ?= virt
-
-ifeq ($(V), 1)
-  VAR  = $(AR)
-  VAS  = $(CC)
-  VCC  = $(CC)
-  VCXX = $(CXX)
-  VLD  = $(LD)
-else
-  VAR  = @echo "  [AR]   $@" && $(AR)
-  VAS  = @echo "  [AS]   $@" && $(CC)
-  VCC  = @echo "  [CC]   $@" && $(CC)
-  VCXX = @echo "  [CXX]  $@" && $(CXX)
-  VLD  = @echo "  [LD]   $@" && $(LD)
-endif
-
-export AR AS CC CXX LD OBJCOPY
-export VAR VAS VCC VCXX VLD
-export ARCH COMMON_FLAGS CFLAGS_BASE CXXFLAGS_BASE LDFLAGS_BASE LOAD_ADDR XHCI_CTX_SIZE QEMU
+include common.mk
 
 OS      := $(shell uname)
 FS_DIRS := fs/redos/user
diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..676b839e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+ARCH       ?= aarch64-none-elf
+CC         := $(ARCH)-gcc
+CXX        := $(ARCH)-g++
+LD         := $(ARCH)-ld
+AR         := $(ARCH)-ar
+OBJCOPY    := $(ARCH)-objcopy
+
+COMMON_FLAGS  ?= -ffreestanding -nostdlib -fno-exceptions -fno-unwind-tables \
+                 -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -g -O0 -Wall -Wextra \
+                 -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-address-of-packed-member \
+                 -mcpu=cortex-a72
+
+CFLAGS_BASE   ?= $(COMMON_FLAGS) -std=c17
+CXXFLAGS_BASE ?= $(COMMON_FLAGS) -fno-rtti
+LDFLAGS_BASE  ?=
+
+LOAD_ADDR      ?= 0x41000000
+XHCI_CTX_SIZE  ?= 32
+QEMU           ?= true
+MODE           ?= virt
+
+ifeq ($(V), 1)
+  VAR  = $(AR)
+  VAS  = $(CC)
+  VCC  = $(CC)
+  VCXX = $(CXX)
+  VLD  = $(LD)
+else
+  VAR  = @echo "  [AR]   $@" && $(AR)
+  VAS  = @echo "  [AS]   $@" && $(CC)
+  VCC  = @echo "  [CC]   $@" && $(CC)
+  VCXX = @echo "  [CXX]  $@" && $(CXX)
+  VLD  = @echo "  [LD]   $@" && $(LD)
+endif
diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index fb7ffb5c..db1c553c 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #kernel
 # toolchain (inherited from top-level)
 
+include ../common.mk
+
 CPPFLAGS := -I. -I../shared -I../user -DXHCI_CTX_SIZE=$(XHCI_CTX_SIZE)
 
 ifeq ($(QEMU),true)
diff --git a/shared/Makefile b/shared/Makefile
index 0c1f4f98..cd1b61bc 100644
--- a/shared/Makefile
+++ b/shared/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #shared
+
+include ../common.mk
+
 CPPFLAGS := -I. -I../kernel
 CFLAGS   := $(CFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
 CXXFLAGS := $(CXXFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
diff --git a/user/Makefile b/user/Makefile
index e479a372..5e5cabf1 100644
--- a/user/Makefile
+++ b/user/Makefile
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 #user
+
+include ../common.mk
+
 CPPFLAGS := -I. -I../shared
 CFLAGS   := $(CFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)
 CXXFLAGS := $(CXXFLAGS_BASE) $(CPPFLAGS)