diff --git a/packages/ducjs/src/restore/restoreDataState.ts b/packages/ducjs/src/restore/restoreDataState.ts
index c48da1a..01d0f8c 100644
--- a/packages/ducjs/src/restore/restoreDataState.ts
+++ b/packages/ducjs/src/restore/restoreDataState.ts
@@ -1475,10 +1475,24 @@ export const isValidUint8Array = (value: unknown): Uint8Array | undefined => {
     return value.byteLength > 0 ? value : undefined;
   }
 
+  if (ArrayBuffer.isView(value)) {
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(value.buffer, value.byteOffset, value.byteLength);
+    return bytes.byteLength > 0 ? bytes : undefined;
+  }
+
   if (value instanceof ArrayBuffer) {
     return value.byteLength > 0 ? new Uint8Array(value) : undefined;
   }
 
+  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
+    if (value.length === 0 || !value.every((entry) => typeof entry === "number")) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    const bytes = new Uint8Array(value);
+    return bytes.byteLength > 0 ? bytes : undefined;
+  }
+
   if (typeof value === "string") {
     let base64String = value;
 
@@ -1512,6 +1526,14 @@ export const isValidUint8Array = (value: unknown): Uint8Array | undefined => {
     }
   }
 
+  if (value && typeof value === "object") {
+    const entries = Object.values(value);
+    if (entries.length > 0 && entries.every((entry) => typeof entry === "number")) {
+      const bytes = new Uint8Array(entries as number[]);
+      return bytes.byteLength > 0 ? bytes : undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
   return undefined;
 };
 
diff --git a/packages/ducjs/src/serialize.ts b/packages/ducjs/src/serialize.ts
index 335577b..3ef2247 100644
--- a/packages/ducjs/src/serialize.ts
+++ b/packages/ducjs/src/serialize.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { restore, type ElementsConfig, type RestoreConfig } from "./restore";
+import { isValidUint8Array, restore, type ElementsConfig, type RestoreConfig } from "./restore";
 import { transformToRust } from "./transform";
 import type { ExportedDataState } from "./types";
 import { ensureWasm, wasmGetCurrentSchemaVersion, wasmParseDuc, wasmSerializeDuc } from "./wasm";
@@ -148,23 +148,36 @@ function prepareVersionGraphForSerialization(vg: any): any {
   if (!vg || typeof vg !== "object") return undefined;
 
   const checkpoints = Array.isArray(vg.checkpoints)
-    ? vg.checkpoints.filter((cp: any) => {
-      const data = cp?.data;
-      if (data instanceof Uint8Array) return data.byteLength > 0;
-      if (data instanceof ArrayBuffer) return data.byteLength > 0;
-      // Accept base64 strings (from JSON imports)
-      if (typeof data === "string" && data.length > 0) return true;
-      return false;
+    ? vg.checkpoints.flatMap((checkpoint: any) => {
+      const data = isValidUint8Array(checkpoint?.data);
+      if (!data?.byteLength) {
+        return [];
+      }
+
+      return [{
+        ...checkpoint,
+        data,
+      }];
     })
     : [];
 
+  const validCheckpointIds = new Set(
+    checkpoints
+      .map((checkpoint: any) => checkpoint?.id)
+      .filter((checkpointId: unknown): checkpointId is string => typeof checkpointId === "string" && checkpointId.length > 0),
+  );
+
   const deltas = Array.isArray(vg.deltas)
-    ? vg.deltas.filter((d: any) => {
-      const payload = d?.payload;
-      if (payload instanceof Uint8Array) return payload.byteLength > 0;
-      if (payload instanceof ArrayBuffer) return payload.byteLength > 0;
-      if (typeof payload === "string" && payload.length > 0) return true;
-      return false;
+    ? vg.deltas.flatMap((delta: any) => {
+      const payload = isValidUint8Array(delta?.payload);
+      if (!payload?.byteLength || typeof delta?.baseCheckpointId !== "string" || !validCheckpointIds.has(delta.baseCheckpointId)) {
+        return [];
+      }
+
+      return [{
+        ...delta,
+        payload,
+      }];
     })
     : [];