diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index e00eeee..f75148a 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ gem 'elasticsearch', '~> 8'
 gem 'searchkick'
 
 # Use the Puma web server [https://github.com/puma/puma]
-gem 'puma', '~> 5.0'
+gem 'puma', '~> 8.0'
 
 # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
 gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: %i[mingw mswin x64_mingw jruby]
@@ -33,7 +33,13 @@ gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: %i[mingw mswin x64_mingw jruby]
 gem 'bootsnap', require: false
 
 # Use Active Storage variants [https://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_storage_overview.html#transforming-images]
-gem 'image_processing', '~> 1.2'
+gem 'image_processing', '~> 2.0'
+# mini_magick/ruby-vips became soft dependencies of image_processing in 2.0 and must be
+# added explicitly. This app's config.load_defaults 7.0 (config/application.rb) sets
+# config.active_storage.variant_processor = :vips - vips is the actually-active processor,
+# not mini_magick (previously present only as an unused transitive dependency of
+# image_processing 1.x's gemspec, which required both backends unconditionally).
+gem 'ruby-vips', '~> 2.0'
 
 # Use Rack CORS for handling Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS), making cross-origin AJAX possible
 gem 'rack-cors'
@@ -84,9 +90,9 @@ gem 'acts-as-taggable-on', '~> 13.0'
 
 gem 'administrate-field-list', '~> 0.0.6'
 
-gem 'httparty', '~> 0.20.0'
+gem 'httparty', '~> 0.24.0'
 
-gem 'roo', '~> 2.9'
+gem 'roo', '~> 3.0'
 
 gem 'namae', '~> 1.1'
 
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index 3b4bc5b..c7357ce 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -183,15 +183,13 @@ GEM
       raabro (~> 1.4)
     globalid (1.2.1)
       activesupport (>= 6.1)
-    hashie (5.0.0)
-    httparty (0.20.0)
-      mime-types (~> 3.0)
+    httparty (0.24.2)
+      csv
+      mini_mime (>= 1.0.0)
       multi_xml (>= 0.5.2)
     i18n (1.14.8)
       concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0)
-    image_processing (1.13.0)
-      mini_magick (>= 4.9.5, < 5)
-      ruby-vips (>= 2.0.17, < 3)
+    image_processing (2.0.3)
     importmap-rails (2.0.3)
       actionpack (>= 6.0.0)
       activesupport (>= 6.0.0)
@@ -218,6 +216,7 @@ GEM
       kaminari-core (= 1.2.2)
     kaminari-core (1.2.2)
     language_server-protocol (3.17.0.6)
+    lint_roller (1.1.0)
     logger (1.6.6)
     loofah (2.25.2)
       crass (~> 1.0.2)
@@ -230,17 +229,13 @@ GEM
       net-smtp
     marcel (1.2.1)
     matrix (0.4.3)
-    mime-types (3.5.2)
-      mime-types-data (~> 3.2015)
-    mime-types-data (3.2024.1203)
-    mini_magick (4.13.2)
     mini_mime (1.1.5)
     mini_portile2 (2.8.9)
     minitest (5.25.5)
     msgpack (1.8.4)
     multi_json (1.21.1)
-    multi_xml (0.7.2)
-      bigdecimal (~> 3.1)
+    multi_xml (0.9.1)
+      bigdecimal (>= 3.1, < 5)
     namae (1.2.0)
       racc (~> 1.7)
     net-http (0.9.1)
@@ -280,10 +275,11 @@ GEM
       ast (~> 2.4.1)
       racc
     pg (1.5.9)
+    prism (1.9.0)
     psych (5.1.2)
       stringio
     public_suffix (7.0.5)
-    puma (5.6.9)
+    puma (8.0.2)
       nio4r (~> 2.0)
     raabro (1.4.0)
     racc (1.8.1)
@@ -337,9 +333,12 @@ GEM
     reline (0.5.12)
       io-console (~> 0.5)
     rexml (3.4.4)
-    roo (2.10.1)
+    roo (3.0.0)
+      base64 (~> 0.2)
+      csv (~> 3)
+      logger (~> 1)
       nokogiri (~> 1)
-      rubyzip (>= 1.3.0, < 3.0.0)
+      rubyzip (>= 3.0.0, < 4.0.0)
     rspec-core (3.13.6)
       rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
     rspec-expectations (3.13.5)
@@ -348,45 +347,51 @@ GEM
     rspec-mocks (3.13.8)
       diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
       rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
-    rspec-rails (6.1.5)
-      actionpack (>= 6.1)
-      activesupport (>= 6.1)
-      railties (>= 6.1)
-      rspec-core (~> 3.13)
-      rspec-expectations (~> 3.13)
-      rspec-mocks (~> 3.13)
-      rspec-support (~> 3.13)
+    rspec-rails (8.0.4)
+      actionpack (>= 7.2)
+      activesupport (>= 7.2)
+      railties (>= 7.2)
+      rspec-core (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
+      rspec-expectations (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
+      rspec-mocks (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
+      rspec-support (>= 3.13.0, < 5.0.0)
     rspec-support (3.13.7)
-    rubocop (1.65.1)
+    rubocop (1.89.0)
       json (~> 2.3)
-      language_server-protocol (>= 3.17.0)
-      parallel (~> 1.10)
+      language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      parallel (>= 1.10)
       parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
       rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
-      regexp_parser (>= 2.4, < 3.0)
-      rexml (>= 3.2.5, < 4.0)
-      rubocop-ast (>= 1.31.1, < 2.0)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.9.3, < 3.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.49.0, < 2.0)
       ruby-progressbar (~> 1.7)
-      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 3.0)
-    rubocop-ast (1.32.3)
-      parser (>= 3.3.1.0)
-    rubocop-factory_bot (2.26.1)
-      rubocop (~> 1.61)
-    rubocop-rails (2.26.2)
+      unicode-display_width (>= 2.4.0, < 4.0)
+    rubocop-ast (1.50.0)
+      parser (>= 3.3.7.2)
+      prism (~> 1.7)
+    rubocop-factory_bot (2.28.0)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1)
+      rubocop (~> 1.72, >= 1.72.1)
+    rubocop-rails (2.36.0)
       activesupport (>= 4.2.0)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1)
       rack (>= 1.1)
-      rubocop (>= 1.52.0, < 2.0)
-      rubocop-ast (>= 1.31.1, < 2.0)
-    rubocop-rspec (3.0.5)
-      rubocop (~> 1.61)
-    rubocop-rspec_rails (2.30.0)
-      rubocop (~> 1.61)
-      rubocop-rspec (~> 3, >= 3.0.1)
+      rubocop (>= 1.75.0, < 2.0)
+      rubocop-ast (>= 1.44.0, < 2.0)
+    rubocop-rspec (3.10.2)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1)
+      regexp_parser (>= 2.0)
+      rubocop (~> 1.86, >= 1.86.2)
+    rubocop-rspec_rails (2.32.0)
+      lint_roller (~> 1.1)
+      rubocop (~> 1.72, >= 1.72.1)
+      rubocop-rspec (~> 3.5)
     ruby-progressbar (1.13.0)
-    ruby-vips (2.2.5)
+    ruby-vips (2.3.0)
       ffi (~> 1.12)
       logger
-    rubyzip (2.3.2)
+    rubyzip (3.4.1)
     sassc (2.4.0)
       ffi (~> 1.9)
     sassc-rails (2.1.2)
@@ -395,9 +400,8 @@ GEM
       sprockets (> 3.0)
       sprockets-rails
       tilt
-    searchkick (5.3.1)
-      activemodel (>= 6.1)
-      hashie
+    searchkick (6.1.2)
+      activemodel (>= 7.2)
     securerandom (0.3.2)
     selenium-devtools (0.151.0)
       selenium-webdriver (~> 4.2)
@@ -407,8 +411,8 @@ GEM
       rexml (~> 3.2, >= 3.2.5)
       rubyzip (>= 1.2.2, < 4.0)
       websocket (~> 1.0)
-    shoulda-matchers (6.4.0)
-      activesupport (>= 5.2.0)
+    shoulda-matchers (8.0.1)
+      activesupport (>= 7.2)
     sidekiq (7.3.10)
       base64
       connection_pool (>= 2.3.0, < 3)
@@ -484,23 +488,24 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   elasticsearch (~> 8)
   factory_bot_rails
   faker
-  httparty (~> 0.20.0)
-  image_processing (~> 1.2)
+  httparty (~> 0.24.0)
+  image_processing (~> 2.0)
   importmap-rails (~> 2.0)
   jbuilder (~> 2.11)
   kaminari (~> 1.2)
   namae (~> 1.1)
   pg (~> 1.1)
-  puma (~> 5.0)
+  puma (~> 8.0)
   rack-cors
   rails (~> 8.1.3)
-  roo (~> 2.9)
+  roo (~> 3.0)
   rspec-rails
   rubocop
   rubocop-factory_bot
   rubocop-rails
   rubocop-rspec
   rubocop-rspec_rails
+  ruby-vips (~> 2.0)
   sassc-rails
   searchkick
   selenium-devtools
diff --git a/app/controllers/entities_controller.rb b/app/controllers/entities_controller.rb
index 6ffd2c7..073cd32 100644
--- a/app/controllers/entities_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/entities_controller.rb
@@ -69,8 +69,12 @@ def letters
   private
 
   def reindex
-    Entity.reindex if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
-    PublishedEntity.reindex if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
+    # mode: :inline forces a synchronous reindex regardless of Searchable's
+    # `callbacks: :async` option - searchkick's default mode resolution falls back to
+    # the model's callbacks option (see Searchkick::Index#reindex_records), so without
+    # this the search immediately below could run against a not-yet-indexed record.
+    Entity.reindex(mode: :inline) if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
+    PublishedEntity.reindex(mode: :inline) if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
   rescue Searchkick::Error
   end
 
diff --git a/app/controllers/letters_controller.rb b/app/controllers/letters_controller.rb
index 94434e9..96f1ed8 100644
--- a/app/controllers/letters_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/letters_controller.rb
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def letters_from_results(results)
         volume: letter.volume,
         recipients: letter.recipients,
         destinations: letter.destinations,
-        origins: letter.orgins,
+        origins: letter.origins,
         mentions: letter.mentions
       }
     end
@@ -134,8 +134,12 @@ def set_filters
   # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/MethodLength, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
 
   def reindex
-    Letter.reindex if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
-    PublishedLetter.reindex if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
+    # mode: :inline forces a synchronous reindex regardless of Searchable's
+    # `callbacks: :async` option - searchkick's default mode resolution falls back to
+    # the model's callbacks option (see Searchkick::Index#reindex_records), so without
+    # this the search immediately below could run against a not-yet-indexed record.
+    Letter.reindex(mode: :inline) if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
+    PublishedLetter.reindex(mode: :inline) if ENV['RAILS_ENV'] == 'test'
   end
 
   # Only allow a list of trusted parameters through.
diff --git a/app/dashboards/entity_dashboard.rb b/app/dashboards/entity_dashboard.rb
index 2c6101d..d55f8aa 100644
--- a/app/dashboards/entity_dashboard.rb
+++ b/app/dashboards/entity_dashboard.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 class EntityDashboard < Administrate::BaseDashboard
   include ActionView::Helpers::SanitizeHelper
+
   # ATTRIBUTE_TYPES
   # a hash that describes the type of each of the model's fields.
   #
diff --git a/app/jobs/load_big_sam_job.rb b/app/jobs/load_big_sam_job.rb
index e033577..191f072 100644
--- a/app/jobs/load_big_sam_job.rb
+++ b/app/jobs/load_big_sam_job.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 class LoadBigSamJob < ApplicationJob
   include ActionView::Helpers::SanitizeHelper
+
   queue_as :default
 
   # Raised to abandon a single row (e.g. an unparseable date) without treating it as a
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@ def get_entity(label: nil, type: nil, return_nil: false)
   def get_person(name)
     entity = nil
     names = Namae.parse(name).first
-    if names&.given && names&.family
+    if names&.given && names.family
       names.family = "Van #{names.family}" if names.particle&.downcase == 'van'
       names.family = "von #{names.family}" if names.particle&.downcase == 'von'
       names = mc_or_mac?(names)
diff --git a/app/models/concerns/entity_common.rb b/app/models/concerns/entity_common.rb
index 86adf35..1416591 100644
--- a/app/models/concerns/entity_common.rb
+++ b/app/models/concerns/entity_common.rb
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def short_display
         lines.push("<strong>Date</strong> #{date_str}") if date_str.present?
       end
 
-      paragraphs = lines.map {|line| "<p>#{line}</p>" }.flatten.join.strip
+      paragraphs = lines.map {|line| "<p>#{line}</p>" }.join.strip
       Loofah.fragment("<section>#{paragraphs}</section>").scrub!(:prune).to_html
     end
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def full_display
         rows.push("<th scope='row'>See Also</th><td colsapn=3>#{link_list}</td>") if links.present?
       end
 
-      table_rows = rows.map {|row| "<tr>#{row}</tr>" }.flatten.join.strip
+      table_rows = rows.map {|row| "<tr>#{row}</tr>" }.join.strip
       Loofah.fragment("<table>#{table_rows}</table>").scrub!(:prune).to_html
     end
 
diff --git a/app/models/entity.rb b/app/models/entity.rb
index dafc7b7..37287a6 100644
--- a/app/models/entity.rb
+++ b/app/models/entity.rb
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ def concat_label
                      "#{event_types&.map(&:titleize)&.join(',')} #{description}".strip
                    end
     when 'person'
-      if label && (last_name.nil? && first_name.nil?)
+      if label && last_name.nil? && first_name.nil?
         names = Namae.parse label
-        if names&.first&.given && names&.first&.family
+        if names&.first&.given && names&.first.family
           self.first_name = names.first.given
           self.last_name = names.first.family
         end
diff --git a/app/models/faq.rb b/app/models/faq.rb
index 8778860..1c07a89 100644
--- a/app/models/faq.rb
+++ b/app/models/faq.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class Faq < ApplicationRecord
   before_save :initial_position
   after_save :update_position
 
-  default_scope { order('position') }
+  default_scope { order(:position) }
 
   private
 
diff --git a/config/puma.rb b/config/puma.rb
index 1713441..7cdef17 100644
--- a/config/puma.rb
+++ b/config/puma.rb
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@
 
 # Specifies the `port` that Puma will listen on to receive requests; default is 3000.
 #
-port ENV.fetch('PORT', 3000)
+# Puma 8 defaults to binding IPv6 (::) instead of IPv4 (0.0.0.0) when a non-loopback
+# IPv6 interface is available. Pinning the host explicitly preserves this app's
+# existing IPv4 behavior regardless of Puma version or the host's network interfaces.
+port ENV.fetch('PORT', 3000), '0.0.0.0'
 
 # Specifies the `environment` that Puma will run in.
 #
diff --git a/spec/factories/entities.rb b/spec/factories/entities.rb
index 865c590..52e8793 100644
--- a/spec/factories/entities.rb
+++ b/spec/factories/entities.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-# rubocop:disable Layout/LineLength
-
 FactoryBot.define do
   factory :entity do
     label { Faker::Movies::HitchhikersGuideToTheGalaxy.character }
@@ -170,4 +168,3 @@
     end
   end
 end
-# rubocop:enable Layout/LineLength
diff --git a/spec/jobs/load_big_sam_job_spec.rb b/spec/jobs/load_big_sam_job_spec.rb
index aaf26b0..87464dd 100644
--- a/spec/jobs/load_big_sam_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/jobs/load_big_sam_job_spec.rb
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ def valid_row(overrides = {})
       skipped = job.instance_variable_get(:@row_skipped)
       expect(skipped.size).to eq(1)
       expect(skipped.first[:code]).to eq('BAD')
-      expect(skipped.first[:reason]).to match(/bad date/)
+      expect(skipped.first[:reason]).to include('bad date')
       expect(Letter.find_by(legacy_pk: 955).code).to eq('GOOD')
     end
 
diff --git a/spec/requests/letters_spec.rb b/spec/requests/letters_spec.rb
index 04ef8bf..81844e8 100644
--- a/spec/requests/letters_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/requests/letters_spec.rb
@@ -102,6 +102,17 @@
       expect(json[:letters].count).to eq(9)
     end
 
+    # Regression test: LettersController#letters_from_results called `letter.orgins`
+    # (typo for `origins`) on a Searchkick::HashWrapper. Searchkick 5.x silently
+    # returned nil for the typo'd key; 6.x raises NoMethodError instead, surfacing a
+    # bug that was always there but never covered - nothing asserted on the `origins`
+    # key in a response before this.
+    it 'includes the origins of a letter' do
+      create(:published_letter, origins: create_list(:place_entity, 1, label: 'Reynoldstown'))
+      get "#{letters_url}.json"
+      expect(json[:letters].first[:origins]).to eq(['Reynoldstown'])
+    end
+
     it 'returns letters with start_date param' do
       create_list(:published_letter, 10)
       create(:published_letter, date: DateTime.new(1961, 2, 22))