-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathreferences.html
More file actions
1325 lines (1294 loc) · 59.8 KB
/
references.html
File metadata and controls
1325 lines (1294 loc) · 59.8 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="generator" content="quarto-1.7.31">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
<title>References – hdPS and its machine learning extensions in residual confounding control</title>
<style>
code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
div.columns{display: flex; gap: min(4vw, 1.5em);}
div.column{flex: auto; overflow-x: auto;}
div.hanging-indent{margin-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1.5em;}
ul.task-list{list-style: none;}
ul.task-list li input[type="checkbox"] {
width: 0.8em;
margin: 0 0.8em 0.2em -1em; /* quarto-specific, see https://github.com/quarto-dev/quarto-cli/issues/4556 */
vertical-align: middle;
}
/* CSS for citations */
div.csl-bib-body { }
div.csl-entry {
clear: both;
}
.hanging-indent div.csl-entry {
margin-left:2em;
text-indent:-2em;
}
div.csl-left-margin {
min-width:2em;
float:left;
}
div.csl-right-inline {
margin-left:2em;
padding-left:1em;
}
div.csl-indent {
margin-left: 2em;
}</style>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-nav/quarto-nav.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-nav/headroom.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-search/autocomplete.umd.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-search/fuse.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-search/quarto-search.js"></script>
<meta name="quarto:offset" content="./">
<link href="./NHANES.html" rel="next">
<link href="./report.html" rel="prev">
<link href="./cover.png" rel="icon" type="image/png">
<script src="site_libs/quarto-html/quarto.js" type="module"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-html/tabsets/tabsets.js" type="module"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-html/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-html/tippy.umd.min.js"></script>
<script src="site_libs/quarto-html/anchor.min.js"></script>
<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/tippy.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="site_libs/quarto-html/quarto-syntax-highlighting-ae0b5334a1ec0bf99af3d0c304a697d2.css" rel="stylesheet" id="quarto-text-highlighting-styles">
<script src="site_libs/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link href="site_libs/bootstrap/bootstrap-icons.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="site_libs/bootstrap/bootstrap-31a9e51f684cfb48b7a711c68e2103ab.min.css" rel="stylesheet" append-hash="true" id="quarto-bootstrap" data-mode="light">
<script id="quarto-search-options" type="application/json">{
"location": "sidebar",
"copy-button": false,
"collapse-after": 3,
"panel-placement": "start",
"type": "textbox",
"limit": 50,
"keyboard-shortcut": [
"f",
"/",
"s"
],
"show-item-context": false,
"language": {
"search-no-results-text": "No results",
"search-matching-documents-text": "matching documents",
"search-copy-link-title": "Copy link to search",
"search-hide-matches-text": "Hide additional matches",
"search-more-match-text": "more match in this document",
"search-more-matches-text": "more matches in this document",
"search-clear-button-title": "Clear",
"search-text-placeholder": "",
"search-detached-cancel-button-title": "Cancel",
"search-submit-button-title": "Submit",
"search-label": "Search"
}
}</script>
<meta name="twitter:title" content="References – hdPS and its machine learning extensions in residual confounding control">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://ehsank.com/cover.png">
<meta name="twitter:image-height" content="222">
<meta name="twitter:image-width" content="770">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
</head>
<body class="nav-sidebar docked quarto-light">
<div id="quarto-search-results"></div>
<header id="quarto-header" class="headroom fixed-top">
<nav class="quarto-secondary-nav">
<div class="container-fluid d-flex">
<button type="button" class="quarto-btn-toggle btn" data-bs-toggle="collapse" role="button" data-bs-target=".quarto-sidebar-collapse-item" aria-controls="quarto-sidebar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle sidebar navigation" onclick="if (window.quartoToggleHeadroom) { window.quartoToggleHeadroom(); }">
<i class="bi bi-layout-text-sidebar-reverse"></i>
</button>
<nav class="quarto-page-breadcrumbs" aria-label="breadcrumb"><ol class="breadcrumb"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="./references.html">References</a></li></ol></nav>
<a class="flex-grow-1" role="navigation" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".quarto-sidebar-collapse-item" aria-controls="quarto-sidebar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle sidebar navigation" onclick="if (window.quartoToggleHeadroom) { window.quartoToggleHeadroom(); }">
</a>
<button type="button" class="btn quarto-search-button" aria-label="Search" onclick="window.quartoOpenSearch();">
<i class="bi bi-search"></i>
</button>
</div>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- content -->
<div id="quarto-content" class="quarto-container page-columns page-rows-contents page-layout-article">
<!-- sidebar -->
<nav id="quarto-sidebar" class="sidebar collapse collapse-horizontal quarto-sidebar-collapse-item sidebar-navigation docked overflow-auto">
<div class="pt-lg-2 mt-2 text-left sidebar-header">
<div class="sidebar-title mb-0 py-0">
<a href="./">hdPS and its machine learning extensions in residual confounding control</a>
<div class="sidebar-tools-main">
<a href="https://github.com/ehsanx/" title="Source Code" class="quarto-navigation-tool px-1" aria-label="Source Code"><i class="bi bi-github"></i></a>
<div class="dropdown">
<a href="" title="Share" id="quarto-navigation-tool-dropdown-0" class="quarto-navigation-tool dropdown-toggle px-1" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="false" role="link" aria-label="Share"><i class="bi bi-share"></i></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="quarto-navigation-tool-dropdown-0">
<li>
<a class="dropdown-item sidebar-tools-main-item" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=|url|">
<i class="bi bi-twitter pe-1"></i>
Twitter
</a>
</li>
<li>
<a class="dropdown-item sidebar-tools-main-item" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=|url|">
<i class="bi bi-facebook pe-1"></i>
Facebook
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mt-2 flex-shrink-0 align-items-center">
<div class="sidebar-search">
<div id="quarto-search" class="" title="Search"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sidebar-menu-container">
<ul class="list-unstyled mt-1">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./index.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Background</span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./motivating.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Motivating example</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-1" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-1" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./data.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">1</span> <span class="chapter-title">Data to Analyze</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./psipw.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">2</span> <span class="chapter-title">Propensity score</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./proxy.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">3</span> <span class="chapter-title">Reducing residual confounding</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./hdps.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">High-dimensional Propensity score</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-2" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-2" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step1.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">4</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 1: Proxy sources</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">5</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 2: Empirical</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step3.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">6</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 3: Recurrence</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step4.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">7</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 4: Prioritize</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step5.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">8</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 5: Covariates</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step6.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">9</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 6: Propensity</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./step7.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">10</span> <span class="chapter-title">Step 7: Association</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./sens.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">11</span> <span class="chapter-title">Sensitivity</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./extension.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Challenges</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-3" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-3" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./pubmed.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">12</span> <span class="chapter-title">Literature</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./mllogic.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Machine learning</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-4" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-4" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./mllasso.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">13</span> <span class="chapter-title">Pure ML</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./mlhybrid.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">14</span> <span class="chapter-title">Hybrid ML</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./sl.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">15</span> <span class="chapter-title">Ensemble</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./tmle.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">16</span> <span class="chapter-title">TMLE</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./stat.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">17</span> <span class="chapter-title">Statistical Approaches</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./mlcompare.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">18</span> <span class="chapter-title">Compare results</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./dctmle.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">19</span> <span class="chapter-title">DC-TMLE</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./deep.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">20</span> <span class="chapter-title">Deep Learning</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./extension2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Extensions in Survival and Longitudinal Analyses</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-5" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-5" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./hddrs1.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">21</span> <span class="chapter-title">hdDRS with a binary outcome</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./survival.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">22</span> <span class="chapter-title">hdPS with a time-to-event outcome</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./hddrs2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">23</span> <span class="chapter-title">hdDRS with a survival outcome</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./survival2.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">24</span> <span class="chapter-title">Application in MS</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./ncc.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">25</span> <span class="chapter-title">Time-dependent exposure</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./prediction.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">26</span> <span class="chapter-title">High-Dimensional Prediction Models</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./guideline.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Guideline</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-6" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-6" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./report.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">27</span> <span class="chapter-title">Reporting</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./references.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link active">
<span class="menu-text">References</span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item sidebar-item-section">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./NHANES.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text">Appendix: NHANES</span></a>
<a class="sidebar-item-toggle text-start" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#quarto-sidebar-section-7" role="navigation" aria-expanded="true" aria-label="Toggle section">
<i class="bi bi-chevron-right ms-2"></i>
</a>
</div>
<ul id="quarto-sidebar-section-7" class="collapse list-unstyled sidebar-section depth1 show">
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./index13.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">28</span> <span class="chapter-title">Download cycle 8</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./index15.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">29</span> <span class="chapter-title">Download cycle 9</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./index17.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">30</span> <span class="chapter-title">Download cycle 10</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./analytic13.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">31</span> <span class="chapter-title">Recoding cycle 8</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./analytic15.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">32</span> <span class="chapter-title">Recoding cycle 9</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./analytic17.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">33</span> <span class="chapter-title">Recoding cycle 10</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
<li class="sidebar-item">
<div class="sidebar-item-container">
<a href="./merge13to17.html" class="sidebar-item-text sidebar-link">
<span class="menu-text"><span class="chapter-number">34</span> <span class="chapter-title">Merge three cycles</span></span></a>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<div id="quarto-sidebar-glass" class="quarto-sidebar-collapse-item" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target=".quarto-sidebar-collapse-item"></div>
<!-- margin-sidebar -->
<div id="quarto-margin-sidebar" class="sidebar margin-sidebar zindex-bottom">
</div>
<!-- main -->
<main class="content" id="quarto-document-content">
<header id="title-block-header" class="quarto-title-block default">
<div class="quarto-title">
<h1 class="title">References</h1>
</div>
<div class="quarto-title-meta">
</div>
</header>
<div id="refs" class="references csl-bib-body hanging-indent" data-entry-spacing="0" role="list">
<div id="ref-austin2012comparing" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Austin, Peter C, Geoffrey M Anderson, Candemir Cigsar, and Andrea
Gruneir. 2012. <span>“Comparing the Cohort Design and the Nested
Case–Control Design in the Presence of Both Time-Invariant and
Time-Dependent Treatment and Competing Risks: Bias and
Precision.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 21 (7):
714–24.
</div>
<div id="ref-balzer2021demystifying" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Balzer, Laura B, and Ted Westling. 2021. <span>“Demystifying Statistical
Inference When Using Machine Learning in Causal Research.”</span>
<em>American Journal of Epidemiology</em>.
</div>
<div id="ref-benasseur2022comparison" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Benasseur, Imane, Denis Talbot, Madeleine Durand, Anne Holbrook, Alexis
Matteau, Brian J Potter, Christel Renoux, Mireille E Schnitzer,
Jean-Éric Tarride, and Jason R Guertin. 2022. <span>“A Comparison of
Confounder Selection and Adjustment Methods for Estimating Causal
Effects Using Large Healthcare Databases.”</span>
<em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 31 (4): 424–33.
</div>
<div id="ref-beyersmann2008impact" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Beyersmann, Jan, Martin Wolkewitz, and Martin Schumacher. 2008.
<span>“The Impact of Time-Dependent Bias in Proportional Hazards
Modelling.”</span> <em>Statistics in Medicine</em> 27 (30): 6439–54.
</div>
<div id="ref-brookhart2006variable" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Brookhart, M Alan, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Kenneth J Rothman, Robert J
Glynn, Jerry Avorn, and Til Stürmer. 2006. <span>“Variable Selection for
Propensity Score Models.”</span> <em>American Journal of
Epidemiology</em> 163 (12): 1149–56.
</div>
<div id="ref-bross1966spurious" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Bross, Irwin DJ. 1966. <span>“Spurious Effects from an Extraneous
Variable.”</span> <em>Journal of Chronic Diseases</em> 19 (6): 637–47.
</div>
<div id="ref-charlson1987new" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Charlson, Mary E, Peter Pompei, Kathy L Ales, and C Ronald MacKenzie.
1987. <span>“A New Method of Classifying Prognostic Comorbidity in
Longitudinal Studies: Development and Validation.”</span> <em>Journal of
Chronic Diseases</em> 40 (5): 373–83.
</div>
<div id="ref-choi2001risk" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Choi, BCK, and F Shi. 2001. <span>“Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus by
Age and Sex: Results of the National Population Health Survey.”</span>
<em>Diabetologia</em> 44: 1221–31.
</div>
<div id="ref-connolly2019quantifying" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Connolly, John G, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Robert J Glynn, and Joshua J
Gagne. 2019. <span>“Quantifying Bias Reduction with Fixed-Duration
Versus All-Available Covariate Assessment Periods.”</span>
<em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 28 (5): 665–70.
</div>
<div id="ref-nhanes" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Disease Control, Centers for, and Prevention. 2021. <span>“National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).”</span> <em>National
Center for Health Statistics</em>.
</div>
<div id="ref-elixhauser1998comorbidity" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Elixhauser, Anne, Claudia Steiner, D Robert Harris, and Rosanna M
Coffey. 1998. <span>“Comorbidity Measures for Use with Administrative
Data.”</span> <em>Medical Care</em>, 8–27.
</div>
<div id="ref-ernster1994nested" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Ernster, Virginia L. 1994. <span>“Nested Case-Control Studies.”</span>
<em>Preventive Medicine</em> 23 (5): 587–90.
</div>
<div id="ref-franklin2015regularized" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Franklin, Jessica M, Wesley Eddings, Robert J Glynn, and Sebastian
Schneeweiss. 2015. <span>“Regularized Regression Versus the
High-Dimensional Propensity Score for Confounding Adjustment in
Secondary Database Analyses.”</span> <em>American Journal of
Epidemiology</em> 182 (7): 651–59.
</div>
<div id="ref-greenland1999causal" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Greenland, Sander, Judea Pearl, and James M Robins. 1999. <span>“Causal
Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research.”</span> <em>Epidemiology</em>,
37–48.
</div>
<div id="ref-hansen2008prognostic" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hansen, Ben B. 2008. <span>“The Prognostic Analogue of the Propensity
Score.”</span> <em>Biometrika</em> 95 (2): 481–88.
</div>
<div id="ref-hernan2008does" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hernán, Miguel A, and Sarah L Taubman. 2008. <span>“Does Obesity Shorten
Life? The Importance of Well-Defined Interventions to Answer Causal
Questions.”</span> <em>International Journal of Obesity</em> 32 (3):
S8–14.
</div>
<div id="ref-hossain2025harnessing2" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hossain, Md Belal. 2025. <span>“Chapter 2: High-Dimensional Disease Risk
Score for Dealing with Residual Confounding in Estimating Treatment
Effects with a Survival Outcome.”</span> In. Harnessing the power of
causal inference; predictive analytics for survival outcomes with health
administrative data: applications to tuberculosis research.
</div>
<div id="ref-Hossain2025" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hossain, Md Belal, Huah Shin Ng, Feng Zhu, Helen Tremlett, and Mohammad
Ehsanul Karim. 2025. <span>“Simultaneously Dealing with Immortal Time
Bias and Residual Confounding: A Case Study of a High-Dimensional
Propensity Score Approach with a Nested Case–Control Framework in
Multiple Sclerosis Research.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug
Safety</em> 34 (7): e70174.
</div>
<div id="ref-hossain2025enhancing" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hossain, Md Belal, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Hubert Wong, Victoria J Cook,
James C Johnston, and Mohammad Ehsanul Karim. 2025. <span>“Enhancing
Risk Prediction Base on Health Administrative Data Using
High-Dimensional Prediction Model.”</span> <em>Journal of Clinical
Epidemiology</em>, 111857.
</div>
<div id="ref-hossain2024benefits" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Hossain, Md Belal, Hubert Wong, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, James C Johnston,
Victoria J Cook, and Mohammad Ehsanul Karim. 2024. <span>“Benefits of
Repeated Matched-Cohort and Nested Case–Control Analyses with
Time-Dependent Exposure in Observational Studies.”</span> <em>Statistics
in Biosciences</em>, 1–29.
</div>
<div id="ref-jones2016immortal" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Jones, Mark, and Robert Fowler. 2016. <span>“Immortal Time Bias in
Observational Studies of Time-to-Event Outcomes.”</span> <em>Journal of
Critical Care</em> 36: 195–99.
</div>
<div id="ref-ju2019propensity" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Ju, Cheng, Mary Combs, Samuel D Lendle, Jessica M Franklin, Richard
Wyss, Sebastian Schneeweiss, and Mark J van der Laan. 2019.
<span>“Propensity Score Prediction for Electronic Healthcare Databases
Using Super Learner and High-Dimensional Propensity Score
Methods.”</span> <em>Journal of Applied Statistics</em> 46 (12):
2216–36.
</div>
<div id="ref-ju2019scalable" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Ju, Cheng, Susan Gruber, Samuel D Lendle, Antoine Chambaz, Jessica M
Franklin, Richard Wyss, Sebastian Schneeweiss, and Mark J van Der Laan.
2019. <span>“Scalable Collaborative Targeted Learning for
High-Dimensional Data.”</span> <em>Statistical Methods in Medical
Research</em> 28 (2): 532–54.
</div>
<div id="ref-hdps23" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, ME. 2023. <span>“Rethinking Residual Confounding Bias Reduction:
Why Vanilla hdPS Alone Is No Longer Enough.”</span>
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2025advantage" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, ME, and Y Lei. 2025. <span>“Is There a Competitive Advantage to
Using Multivariate Statistical or Machine Learning Methods over the
Bross Formula in the hdPS Framework for Bias and Variance
Estimation?”</span> <em>PLoS One</em> 20 (5): e0324639.
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2025splits" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, ME, and MH Mondol. 2025. <span>“Finding the Optimal Number of
Splits and Repetitions in Double Cross-Fitting Targeted Maximum
Likelihood Estimators.”</span> <em>Pharmaceutical Statistics</em>.
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2014marginal" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul, Paul Gustafson, John Petkau, Yinshan Zhao,
Afsaneh Shirani, Elaine Kingwell, Charity Evans, Mia Van Der Kop, Joel
Oger, and Helen Tremlett. 2014. <span>“Marginal Structural Cox Models
for Estimating the Association Between <span class="math inline"><em>β</em></span>-Interferon Exposure and Disease
Progression in a Multiple Sclerosis Cohort.”</span> <em>American Journal
of Epidemiology</em> 180 (2): 160–71.
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2025evaluating" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul, Md Belal Hossain, Huah Shin Ng, Feng Zhu, Hanna
A Frank, and Helen Tremlett. 2025. <span>“Evaluating the Role of
High-Dimensional Proxy Data in Confounding Adjustment in Multiple
Sclerosis Research: A Case Study.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and
Drug Safety</em> 34 (2): e70112.
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2025tmle" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul, and Yang Lei. 2025. <span>“How Effective Are
Machine Learning and Doubly Robust Estimators in Incorporating
High-Dimensional Proxies to Reduce Residual Confounding?”</span>
<em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 34 (5): e70155.
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2018can" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul, Menglan Pang, and Robert W Platt. 2018.
<span>“Can We Train Machine Learning Methods to Outperform the
High-Dimensional Propensity Score Algorithm?”</span>
<em>Epidemiology</em> 29 (2): 191–98.
</div>
<div id="ref-karim2022use" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul, Fabio Pellegrini, Robert W Platt, Gabrielle
Simoneau, Julie Rouette, and Carl de Moor. 2022. <span>“The Use and
Quality of Reporting of Propensity Score Methods in Multiple Sclerosis
Literature: A Review.”</span> <em>Multiple Sclerosis Journal</em> 28
(9): 1317–23.
</div>
<div id="ref-klein2022does" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Klein, Samuel, Amalia Gastaldelli, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, and Philipp E
Scherer. 2022. <span>“Why Does Obesity Cause Diabetes?”</span> <em>Cell
Metabolism</em> 34 (1): 11–20.
</div>
<div id="ref-kumamaru2016comparison" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Kumamaru, Hiraku, Joshua J Gagne, Robert J Glynn, Soko Setoguchi, and
Sebastian Schneeweiss. 2016. <span>“Comparison of High-Dimensional
Confounder Summary Scores in Comparative Studies of Newly Marketed
Medications.”</span> <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em> 76:
200–208.
</div>
<div id="ref-kumamaru2016dimension" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Kumamaru, Hiraku, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Robert J Glynn, Soko Setoguchi,
and Joshua J Gagne. 2016. <span>“Dimension Reduction and Shrinkage
Methods for High Dimensional Disease Risk Scores in Historical
Data.”</span> <em>Emerging Themes in Epidemiology</em> 13: 1–10.
</div>
<div id="ref-liu2010cox" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Liu, Mengling, Wenbin Lu, Roy E Shore, and Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte.
2010. <span>“Cox Regression Model with Time-Varying Coefficients in
Nested Case–Control Studies.”</span> <em>Biostatistics</em> 11 (4):
693–706.
</div>
<div id="ref-lix2013predictive" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Lix, Lisa M, Jacqueline Quail, Opeyemi Fadahunsi, and Gary F Teare.
2013. <span>“Predictive Performance of Comorbidity Measures in
Administrative Databases for Diabetes Cohorts.”</span> <em>BMC Health
Services Research</em> 13: 1–12.
</div>
<div id="ref-lix2011performance" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Lix, LM, J Quail, G Teare, and B Acan. 2011. <span>“Performance of
Comorbidity Measures for Predicting Outcomes in Population-Based
Osteoporosis Cohorts.”</span> <em>Osteoporosis International</em> 22:
2633–43.
</div>
<div id="ref-low2016comparing" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Low, Yen Sia, Blanca Gallego, and Nigam Haresh Shah. 2016.
<span>“Comparing High-Dimensional Confounder Control Methods for Rapid
Cohort Studies from Electronic Health Records.”</span> <em>Journal of
Comparative Effectiveness Research</em> 5 (2): 179–92.
</div>
<div id="ref-mondol2024towards" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Mondol, MH, and ME Karim. 2024. <span>“Towards Robust Causal Inference
in Epidemiological Research: Employing Double Cross-Fit TMLE in Right
Heart Catheterization Data.”</span> <em>American Journal of
Epidemiology</em>, kwae447.
</div>
<div id="ref-naimi2020estimating" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Naimi, Ashley I, and Brian W Whitcomb. 2020. <span>“Estimating Risk
Ratios and Risk Differences Using Regression.”</span> <em>American
Journal of Epidemiology</em> 189 (6): 508–10.
</div>
<div id="ref-neugebauer2015high" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Neugebauer, Romain, Julie A Schmittdiel, Zheng Zhu, Jeremy A Rassen,
John D Seeger, and Sebastian Schneeweiss. 2015. <span>“High-Dimensional
Propensity Score Algorithm in Comparative Effectiveness Research with
Time-Varying Interventions.”</span> <em>Statistics in Medicine</em> 34
(5): 753–81.
</div>
<div id="ref-nguyen2024confounder" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Nguyen, Tri-Long, Thomas PA Debray, Bora Youn, Gabrielle Simoneau, and
Gary S Collins. 2024. <span>“Confounder Adjustment Using the Disease
Risk Score: A Proposal for Weighting Methods.”</span> <em>American
Journal of Epidemiology</em> 193 (2): 377–88.
</div>
<div id="ref-pang2016targeted" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Pang, Menglan, Tibor Schuster, Kristian B Filion, Maria Eberg, and
Robert W Platt. 2016. <span>“Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation for
Pharmacoepidemiologic Research.”</span> <em>Epidemiology (Cambridge,
Mass.)</em> 27 (4): 570.
</div>
<div id="ref-pang2016effect" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Pang, Menglan, Tibor Schuster, Kristian B Filion, Mireille E Schnitzer,
Maria Eberg, and Robert W Platt. 2016. <span>“Effect Estimation in
Point-Exposure Studies with Binary Outcomes and High-Dimensional
Covariate Data–a Comparison of Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation
and Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting.”</span> <em>The
International Journal of Biostatistics</em> 12 (2).
</div>
<div id="ref-rassen2023high" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Rassen, Jeremy A, Patrick Blin, Sebastian Kloss, Romain S Neugebauer,
Robert W Platt, Anton Pottegård, Sebastian Schneeweiss, and Sengwee Toh.
2023. <span>“High-Dimensional Propensity Scores for Empirical Covariate
Selection in Secondary Database Studies: Planning, Implementation, and
Reporting.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 32 (2):
93–106.
</div>
<div id="ref-autoCovariateSelection" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Robert, Dennis. 2020. <em>autoCovariateSelection: Automatic Covariate
Selection</em>. <a href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=autoCovariateSelection">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=autoCovariateSelection</a>.
</div>
<div id="ref-rubin1997estimating" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Rubin, Donald B. 1997. <span>“Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data
Sets Using Propensity Scores.”</span> <em>Annals of Internal
Medicine</em> 127 (8_Part_2): 757–63.
</div>
<div id="ref-rubin1996matching" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Rubin, Donald B, and Neal Thomas. 1996. <span>“Matching Using Estimated
Propensity Scores: Relating Theory to Practice.”</span>
<em>Biometrics</em>, 249–64.
</div>
<div id="ref-schneeweiss2006sensitivity" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Schneeweiss, Sebastian. 2006. <span>“Sensitivity Analysis and External
Adjustment for Unmeasured Confounders in Epidemiologic Database Studies
of Therapeutics.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em>
15 (5): 291–303.
</div>
<div id="ref-schneeweiss2018automated" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
———. 2018. <span>“Automated Data-Adaptive Analytics for Electronic
Healthcare Data to Study Causal Treatment Effects.”</span> <em>Clinical
Epidemiology</em>, 771–88.
</div>
<div id="ref-schneeweiss2017variable" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Schneeweiss, Sebastian, Wesley Eddings, Robert J Glynn, Elisabetta
Patorno, Jeremy Rassen, and Jessica M Franklin. 2017. <span>“Variable
Selection for Confounding Adjustment in High-Dimensional Covariate
Spaces When Analyzing Healthcare Databases.”</span>
<em>Epidemiology</em> 28 (2): 237–48.
</div>
<div id="ref-schneeweiss2000use" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Schneeweiss, Sebastian, and Malcolm Maclure. 2000. <span>“Use of
Comorbidity Scores for Control of Confounding in Studies Using
Administrative Databases.”</span> <em>International Journal of
Epidemiology</em> 29 (5): 891–98.
</div>
<div id="ref-schneeweiss2009high" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Schneeweiss, Sebastian, Jeremy A Rassen, Robert J Glynn, Jerry Avorn,
Helen Mogun, and M Alan Brookhart. 2009. <span>“High-Dimensional
Propensity Score Adjustment in Studies of Treatment Effects Using Health
Care Claims Data.”</span> <em>Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)</em> 20
(4): 512.
</div>
<div id="ref-schuster2016propensity" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Schuster, Tibor, Wilfrid Kouokam Lowe, and Robert W Platt. 2016.
<span>“Propensity Score Model Overfitting Led to Inflated Variance of
Estimated Odds Ratios.”</span> <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em>
80: 97–106.
</div>
<div id="ref-schuster2015role" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Schuster, Tibor, Menglan Pang, and Robert W Platt. 2015. <span>“On the
Role of Marginal Confounder Prevalence–Implications for the
High-Dimensional Propensity Score Algorithm.”</span>
<em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 24 (9): 1004–7.
</div>
<div id="ref-shalit2017estimating" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Shalit, Uri, Fredrik D Johansson, and David Sontag. 2017.
<span>“Estimating Individual Treatment Effect: Generalization Bounds and
Algorithms.”</span> In <em>International Conference on Machine
Learning</em>, 3076–85. PMLR.
</div>
<div id="ref-shi2019adapting" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Shi, Claudia, David Blei, and Victor Veitch. 2019. <span>“Adapting
Neural Networks for the Estimation of Treatment Effects.”</span>
<em>Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems</em> 32.
</div>
<div id="ref-simoneau2022recommendations" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Simoneau, Gabrielle, Fabio Pellegrini, Thomas PA Debray, Julie Rouette,
Johanna Muñoz, Robert W Platt, John Petkau, et al. 2022.
<span>“Recommendations for the Use of Propensity Score Methods in
Multiple Sclerosis Research.”</span> <em>Multiple Sclerosis Journal</em>
28 (9): 1467–80.
</div>
<div id="ref-stuart2013prognostic" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Stuart, Elizabeth A, Brian K Lee, and Finbarr P Leacy. 2013.
<span>“Prognostic Score–Based Balance Measures Can Be a Useful
Diagnostic for Propensity Score Methods in Comparative Effectiveness
Research.”</span> <em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em> 66 (8):
S84–90.
</div>
<div id="ref-tazare2022transparency" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Tazare, John, Richard Wyss, Jessica M Franklin, Liam Smeeth, Stephen JW
Evans, Shirley V Wang, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Ian J Douglas, Joshua J
Gagne, and Elizabeth J Williamson. 2022. <span>“Transparency of
High-Dimensional Propensity Score Analyses: Guidance for Diagnostics and
Reporting.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 31 (4):
411–23.
</div>
<div id="ref-tian2018evaluating" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Tian, Yuxi, Martijn J Schuemie, and Marc A Suchard. 2018.
<span>“Evaluating Large-Scale Propensity Score Performance Through
Real-World and Synthetic Data Experiments.”</span> <em>International
Journal of Epidemiology</em> 47 (6): 2005–14.
</div>
<div id="ref-vanderweele2019principles" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
VanderWeele, Tyler J. 2019. <span>“Principles of Confounder
Selection.”</span> <em>European Journal of Epidemiology</em> 34: 211–19.
</div>
<div id="ref-von1992chronic" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Von Korff, Michael, Edward H Wagner, and Kathleen Saunders. 1992.
<span>“A Chronic Disease Score from Automated Pharmacy Data.”</span>
<em>Journal of Clinical Epidemiology</em> 45 (2): 197–203.
</div>
<div id="ref-weberpals2021deep" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Weberpals, Janick, Tim Becker, Jessica Davies, Fabian Schmich, Dominik
Rüttinger, Fabian J Theis, and Anna Bauer-Mehren. 2021. <span>“Deep
Learning-Based Propensity Scores for Confounding Control in Comparative
Effectiveness Research: A Large-Scale, Real-World Data Study.”</span>
<em>Epidemiology</em> 32 (3): 378–88.
</div>
<div id="ref-westreich2011role" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Westreich, Daniel, Stephen R Cole, Michele Jonsson Funk, M Alan
Brookhart, and Til Stürmer. 2011. <span>“The Role of the c-Statistic in
Variable Selection for Propensity Score Models.”</span>
<em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 20 (3): 317–20.
</div>
<div id="ref-wyss2015matching" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Wyss, Richard, Alan R Ellis, M Alan Brookhart, Michele Jonsson Funk,
Cynthia J Girman, Ross J Simpson Jr, and Til Stürmer. 2015.
<span>“Matching on the Disease Risk Score in Comparative Effectiveness
Research of New Treatments.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug
Safety</em> 24 (9): 951–61.
</div>
<div id="ref-wyss2018using" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Wyss, Richard, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Mark Van Der Laan, Samuel D
Lendle, Cheng Ju, and Jessica M Franklin. 2018. <span>“Using Super
Learner Prediction Modeling to Improve High-Dimensional Propensity Score
Estimation.”</span> <em>Epidemiology</em> 29 (1): 96–106.
</div>
<div id="ref-wyss2022machine" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Wyss, Richard, Chen Yanover, Tal El-Hay, Dimitri Bennett, Robert W
Platt, Andrew R Zullo, Grammati Sari, et al. 2022. <span>“Machine
Learning for Improving High-Dimensional Proxy Confounder Adjustment in
Healthcare Database Studies: An Overview of the Current
Literature.”</span> <em>Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety</em> 31
(9): 932–43.
</div>
<div id="ref-zhang2019use" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Zhang, Di, and Jessica Kim. 2019. <span>“Use of Propensity Score and
Disease Risk Score for Multiple Treatments with Time-to-Event Outcome: A
Simulation Study.”</span> <em>Journal of Biopharmaceutical
Statistics</em> 29 (6): 1103–15.
</div>
<div id="ref-zivich2021machine" class="csl-entry" role="listitem">
Zivich, Paul N, and Alexander Breskin. 2021. <span>“Machine Learning for
Causal Inference: On the Use of Cross-Fit Estimators.”</span>
<em>Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)</em> 32 (3): 393.
</div>
</div>
</main> <!-- /main -->
<script id="quarto-html-after-body" type="application/javascript">
window.document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function (event) {
const icon = "";
const anchorJS = new window.AnchorJS();
anchorJS.options = {
placement: 'right',
icon: icon
};
anchorJS.add('.anchored');
const isCodeAnnotation = (el) => {
for (const clz of el.classList) {
if (clz.startsWith('code-annotation-')) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
const onCopySuccess = function(e) {
// button target
const button = e.trigger;
// don't keep focus
button.blur();
// flash "checked"
button.classList.add('code-copy-button-checked');
var currentTitle = button.getAttribute("title");
button.setAttribute("title", "Copied!");
let tooltip;
if (window.bootstrap) {
button.setAttribute("data-bs-toggle", "tooltip");
button.setAttribute("data-bs-placement", "left");
button.setAttribute("data-bs-title", "Copied!");
tooltip = new bootstrap.Tooltip(button,
{ trigger: "manual",
customClass: "code-copy-button-tooltip",
offset: [0, -8]});
tooltip.show();
}
setTimeout(function() {
if (tooltip) {
tooltip.hide();
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-title");
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-toggle");
button.removeAttribute("data-bs-placement");
}
button.setAttribute("title", currentTitle);
button.classList.remove('code-copy-button-checked');
}, 1000);
// clear code selection
e.clearSelection();
}
const getTextToCopy = function(trigger) {
const codeEl = trigger.previousElementSibling.cloneNode(true);
for (const childEl of codeEl.children) {
if (isCodeAnnotation(childEl)) {
childEl.remove();
}
}
return codeEl.innerText;
}
const clipboard = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button:not([data-in-quarto-modal])', {
text: getTextToCopy
});
clipboard.on('success', onCopySuccess);
if (window.document.getElementById('quarto-embedded-source-code-modal')) {
const clipboardModal = new window.ClipboardJS('.code-copy-button[data-in-quarto-modal]', {
text: getTextToCopy,
container: window.document.getElementById('quarto-embedded-source-code-modal')
});
clipboardModal.on('success', onCopySuccess);
}
var localhostRegex = new RegExp(/^(?:http|https):\/\/localhost\:?[0-9]*\//);
var mailtoRegex = new RegExp(/^mailto:/);
var filterRegex = new RegExp("https:\/\/ehsank\.com");
var isInternal = (href) => {
return filterRegex.test(href) || localhostRegex.test(href) || mailtoRegex.test(href);
}
// Inspect non-navigation links and adorn them if external
var links = window.document.querySelectorAll('a[href]:not(.nav-link):not(.navbar-brand):not(.toc-action):not(.sidebar-link):not(.sidebar-item-toggle):not(.pagination-link):not(.no-external):not([aria-hidden]):not(.dropdown-item):not(.quarto-navigation-tool):not(.about-link)');
for (var i=0; i<links.length; i++) {
const link = links[i];
if (!isInternal(link.href)) {
// undo the damage that might have been done by quarto-nav.js in the case of
// links that we want to consider external
if (link.dataset.originalHref !== undefined) {
link.href = link.dataset.originalHref;
}
}
}
function tippyHover(el, contentFn, onTriggerFn, onUntriggerFn) {
const config = {
allowHTML: true,
maxWidth: 500,