diff --git a/flsim/utils/example_utils.py b/flsim/utils/example_utils.py
index 9f12d8f4..065d49dd 100644
--- a/flsim/utils/example_utils.py
+++ b/flsim/utils/example_utils.py
@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@
 # utils for use in the examples and tutorials
 
 import random
-from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional
 
 import torch
 import torch.nn.functional as F
+from tqdm import tqdm
+from torchvision import transforms
+from torch import nn
+from torch.utils.data import Dataset
+from torchvision.datasets.cifar import CIFAR10
+from torchvision.datasets.vision import VisionDataset
 from flsim.data.data_provider import IFLDataProvider, IFLUserData
 from flsim.data.data_sharder import FLDataSharder, SequentialSharder
 from flsim.interfaces.data_loader import IFLDataLoader
@@ -20,20 +26,37 @@
 from flsim.metrics_reporter.tensorboard_metrics_reporter import FLMetricsReporter
 from flsim.utils.data.data_utils import batchify
 from flsim.utils.simple_batch_metrics import FLBatchMetrics
-from torch import nn
-from torch.utils.data import Dataset
-from torchvision import transforms
-from torchvision.datasets.cifar import CIFAR10
-from torchvision.datasets.vision import VisionDataset
-from tqdm import tqdm
-
 
-def collate_fn(batch: Tuple) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    feature, label = batch
+def collate_fn(batch: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    """
+    Process the given batch and return a dictionary with features and labels.
+
+    Args:
+        batch (Any): The batch to process, can be a tuple or a dictionary.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dict[str, Any]: A dictionary containing the processed features and labels.
+    """
+    if isinstance(batch, tuple):
+        feature, label = batch
+    elif isinstance(batch, dict):
+        feature = batch["image"]
+        label = batch["label"]
+    else:
+        raise TypeError("The batch must be a tuple or dict")
     return {"features": feature, "labels": label}
 
 
 class DataLoader(IFLDataLoader):
+
+    """Data loader class for federated learning.
+
+    This data loader handles the batching and sharding of datasets for
+    federated learning scenarios.
+
+    Attributes:
+        SEED (int): Seed for random number generation.
+    """    
     SEED = 2137
     random.seed(SEED)
 
@@ -163,7 +186,13 @@ def get_num_examples(batch: List) -> int:
     def fl_training_batch(
         features: List[torch.Tensor], labels: List[float]
     ) -> Dict[str, torch.Tensor]:
-        return {"features": torch.stack(features), "labels": torch.Tensor(labels)}
+        # Check the type of the first element in labels list to determine if conversion is needed
+        if not isinstance(labels[0], torch.Tensor):
+            labels = torch.tensor(labels, dtype=torch.float32)
+        else:
+            labels = torch.stack(labels)
+
+        return {"features": torch.stack(features), "labels": labels}
 
 
 class LEAFDataLoader(IFLDataLoader):
@@ -230,10 +259,9 @@ def num_train_users(self) -> int:
     def get_train_user(self, user_index: int) -> IFLUserData:
         if user_index in self._train_users:
             return self._train_users[user_index]
-        else:
-            raise IndexError(
-                f"Index {user_index} is out of bound for list with len {self.num_train_users()}"
-            )
+        raise IndexError(
+            f"Index {user_index} is out of bound for list with len {self.num_train_users()}"
+        )
 
     def train_users(self) -> Iterable[IFLUserData]:
         for user_data in self._train_users.values():
@@ -261,7 +289,6 @@ def _create_fl_users(
 def build_data_provider(
     local_batch_size, examples_per_user, image_size
 ) -> DataProvider:
-
     # 1. Create training, eval, and test datasets like in non-federated learning.
     transform = transforms.Compose(
         [