docs: redesign 对象初探 diagrams as SVG

Prodesire · Prodesire · commit 36a0d72f75ec · 2026-06-17T20:48:58.000+08:00
Replace the four raster diagrams in objects/object with hand-built SVGs
(object category map, PyObject / PyVarObject layouts, runtime type
relation), using a muted palette and consistent card style. Update the
article to reference the new .svg files.
diff --git a/objects/object/PyObject.svg b/objects/object/PyObject.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 360 200" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" font-family="-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif">
+<title>PyObject 对象头结构</title>
+<desc>PyObject 是所有 Python 对象共享的对象头，包含引用计数 ob_refcnt 和指向类型对象的指针 ob_type。</desc>
+<defs>
+  <style>
+    .ct{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;}
+    .fd{font-size:12.5px;font-family:'SF Mono','JetBrains Mono',ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;}
+    .an{font-size:11px;}
+    .cap{font-size:10.5px;}
+  </style>
+  <filter id="sh" x="-30%" y="-30%" width="160%" height="160%"><feDropShadow dx="0" dy="1.4" stdDeviation="2" flood-color="#2A2A28" flood-opacity="0.12"/></filter>
+  <linearGradient id="gHdr" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#EFF3FA"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E0E9F6"/></linearGradient>
+</defs>
+
+<rect x="0" y="0" width="360" height="200" fill="#FBFAF6"/>
+
+<!-- card -->
+<rect x="80" y="36" width="200" height="128" rx="10" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#C3D2E8" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<!-- header band -->
+<path d="M80,74 V46 Q80,36 90,36 H270 Q280,36 280,46 V74 Z" fill="url(#gHdr)"/>
+<text x="180" y="60" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#28415F">PyObject</text>
+<line x1="80" y1="74" x2="280" y2="74" stroke="#C3D2E8" stroke-width="1"/>
+<!-- pointer field subtle tint -->
+<rect x="80" y="119" width="200" height="45" rx="0" fill="#EEF3FA"/>
+<line x1="80" y1="119" x2="280" y2="119" stroke="#ECEAE2" stroke-width="1"/>
+<!-- fields -->
+<text x="96" y="101" class="fd" fill="#28415F">ob_refcnt</text>
+<text x="264" y="101" text-anchor="end" class="an" fill="#7B7A72">引用计数</text>
+<text x="96" y="146" class="fd" fill="#28415F">*ob_type</text>
+<text x="264" y="146" text-anchor="end" class="an" fill="#7B7A72">类型指针</text>
+<!-- caption -->
+<text x="180" y="186" text-anchor="middle" class="cap" fill="#9A988F">所有 Python 对象共享的对象头</text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/objects/object/PyVarObject.svg b/objects/object/PyVarObject.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 400 296" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" font-family="-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif">
+<title>PyVarObject 变长对象结构</title>
+<desc>PyVarObject 在 PyObject 对象头（ob_base：引用计数 ob_refcnt 与类型指针 ob_type）的基础上，扩展出一个记录元素个数的 ob_size 字段。</desc>
+<defs>
+  <style>
+    .ct{font-size:13px;font-weight:600;}
+    .sct{font-size:11px;font-weight:600;}
+    .fd{font-size:12.5px;font-family:'SF Mono','JetBrains Mono',ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;}
+    .cap{font-size:10.5px;}
+  </style>
+  <filter id="sh" x="-30%" y="-30%" width="160%" height="160%"><feDropShadow dx="0" dy="1.4" stdDeviation="2" flood-color="#2A2A28" flood-opacity="0.12"/></filter>
+  <linearGradient id="gHdr" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#EFF3FA"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E0E9F6"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gAmb" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#FAEFD9"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#F4E6C8"/></linearGradient>
+</defs>
+
+<rect x="0" y="0" width="400" height="296" fill="#FBFAF6"/>
+
+<!-- outer card -->
+<rect x="90" y="32" width="220" height="216" rx="11" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#C3D2E8" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<path d="M90,68 V43 Q90,32 101,32 H299 Q310,32 310,43 V68 Z" fill="url(#gHdr)"/>
+<text x="200" y="55" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#28415F">PyVarObject</text>
+
+<!-- nested PyObject ob_base -->
+<rect x="106" y="82" width="188" height="104" rx="8" fill="#FBFCFE" stroke="#CCD8EA" stroke-width="1"/>
+<path d="M106,110 V90 Q106,82 114,82 H286 Q294,82 294,90 V110 Z" fill="#EAEFF8"/>
+<text x="200" y="100" text-anchor="middle" class="sct" fill="#4A5E80">PyObject ob_base</text>
+<line x1="106" y1="148" x2="294" y2="148" stroke="#E4E9F2" stroke-width="1"/>
+<text x="200" y="133" text-anchor="middle" class="fd" fill="#28415F">ob_refcnt</text>
+<text x="200" y="171" text-anchor="middle" class="fd" fill="#28415F">*ob_type</text>
+
+<!-- ob_size extra field (amber, subtle) -->
+<rect x="106" y="198" width="188" height="36" rx="8" fill="url(#gAmb)" stroke="#E8CB94" stroke-width="1"/>
+<text x="200" y="221" text-anchor="middle" class="fd" fill="#5C3C08">ob_size</text>
+
+<!-- caption -->
+<text x="200" y="276" text-anchor="middle" class="cap" fill="#9A988F">变长对象 = PyObject 对象头 + ob_size（元素个数）</text>
+</svg>
diff --git a/objects/object/index.md b/objects/object/index.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 - Mapping 对象: 类似 C++中的 map 的关联对象
 - Internal 对象: Python 虚拟机在运行时内部使用的对象
 
-![object category](object-category.jpg)
+![object category](object-category.svg)
 
 ## 对象机制的基石 PyObject
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Python 中的所有对象都拥有一些相同的内容，而这些内容就定
 
 **PyObject** 包含 一个用于垃圾回收的双向链表，一个引用计数变量 `ob_refcnt` 和 一个类型对象指针`ob_type`
 
-![PyObject](PyObject.jpg)
+![PyObject](PyObject.svg)
 
 ## 定长对象与变长对象
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } PyVarObject;
 ```
 
-![PyVarObject](PyVarObject.jpg)
+![PyVarObject](PyVarObject.svg)
 
 ## 类型对象
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ PyTypeObject PyLong_Type = {
 
 下图是对象运行时的图像表现
 
-![](object-runtime-relation.jpg)
+![](object-runtime-relation.svg)
 
 ## 对象的创建
 
diff --git a/objects/object/object-category.svg b/objects/object/object-category.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+<svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 660 580" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" font-family="-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif">
+<title>Python 对象的分类</title>
+<desc>Python 对象大致分为五类：Fundamental（类型对象，如 type）、Numeric（数值对象，如 int、float、bool）、Sequence（序列对象，如 str、list、tuple、set）、Mapping（映射对象，如 dict）、Internal（虚拟机内部对象，如 function、code、frame、module、method）。</desc>
+<defs>
+  <style>
+    .root{font-size:15px;font-weight:700;}
+    .ct{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;}
+    .leaf{font-size:11.5px;font-family:'SF Mono','JetBrains Mono',ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;}
+  </style>
+  <filter id="sh" x="-30%" y="-30%" width="160%" height="160%"><feDropShadow dx="0" dy="1.4" stdDeviation="2" flood-color="#2A2A28" flood-opacity="0.12"/></filter>
+  <linearGradient id="gFund" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#EFF3FA"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E0E9F6"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gNum"  x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#E9F6F1"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#DBF0E7"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gSeq"  x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#FAEFD9"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#F4E6C8"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gMap"  x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#F3F1FD"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E9E6FB"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gInt"  x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#F8EEEE"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#F1E1E1"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gRoot" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#F1EFE8"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E7E4DA"/></linearGradient>
+</defs>
+
+<rect x="0" y="0" width="660" height="580" fill="#FBFAF6"/>
+
+<!-- ===== connectors: root -> categories ===== -->
+<g fill="none" stroke="#D2CDC0" stroke-width="1.4">
+  <path d="M130,290 C190,290 190,55 240,55"/>
+  <path d="M130,290 C190,290 190,150 240,150"/>
+  <path d="M130,290 C190,290 190,290 240,290"/>
+  <path d="M130,290 C190,290 190,390 240,390"/>
+  <path d="M130,290 C190,290 190,490 240,490"/>
+</g>
+<!-- ===== connectors: categories -> leaves ===== -->
+<g fill="none" stroke="#DBD6C9" stroke-width="1.2">
+  <path d="M390,55 H470"/>
+  <path d="M390,150 C430,150 430,110 470,110"/>
+  <path d="M390,150 H470"/>
+  <path d="M390,150 C430,150 430,190 470,190"/>
+  <path d="M390,290 C430,290 430,250 470,250"/>
+  <path d="M390,290 H470"/>
+  <path d="M390,290 C430,290 430,330 470,330"/>
+  <path d="M390,290 C430,290 430,370 470,370"/>
+  <path d="M390,390 C430,390 430,430 470,430"/>
+  <path d="M390,490 C430,490 430,470 470,470"/>
+  <path d="M390,490 H470"/>
+  <path d="M390,490 C430,490 430,550 470,550"/>
+</g>
+
+<!-- ===== root ===== -->
+<rect x="20" y="264" width="110" height="52" rx="12" fill="url(#gRoot)" stroke="#D8D3C6" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<text x="75" y="296" text-anchor="middle" class="root" fill="#33322E">object</text>
+
+<!-- ===== category nodes ===== -->
+<rect x="240" y="33"  width="150" height="44" rx="10" fill="url(#gFund)" stroke="#C3D2E8" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<text x="315" y="60"  text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#28415F">Fundamental</text>
+<rect x="240" y="128" width="150" height="44" rx="10" fill="url(#gNum)" stroke="#A8DCC9" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<text x="315" y="155" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#0A463A">Numeric</text>
+<rect x="240" y="268" width="150" height="44" rx="10" fill="url(#gSeq)" stroke="#E8CB94" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<text x="315" y="295" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#5C3C08">Sequence</text>
+<rect x="240" y="368" width="150" height="44" rx="10" fill="url(#gMap)" stroke="#CCC7F1" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<text x="315" y="395" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#2E2972">Mapping</text>
+<rect x="240" y="468" width="150" height="44" rx="10" fill="url(#gInt)" stroke="#E0C6C6" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<text x="315" y="495" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#5C3030">Internal</text>
+
+<!-- ===== leaf nodes ===== -->
+<g class="leaf">
+  <!-- Fundamental -->
+  <rect x="470" y="38"  width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#C3D2E8" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="60"  text-anchor="middle" fill="#28415F">type</text>
+  <!-- Numeric -->
+  <rect x="470" y="93"  width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#A8DCC9" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="115" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0A463A">int</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="133" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#A8DCC9" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="155" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0A463A">float</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="173" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#A8DCC9" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="195" text-anchor="middle" fill="#0A463A">bool</text>
+  <!-- Sequence -->
+  <rect x="470" y="233" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E8CB94" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="255" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3C08">str</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="273" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E8CB94" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="295" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3C08">list</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="313" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E8CB94" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="335" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3C08">tuple</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="353" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E8CB94" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="375" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3C08">set</text>
+  <!-- Mapping -->
+  <rect x="470" y="413" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#CCC7F1" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="435" text-anchor="middle" fill="#2E2972">dict</text>
+  <!-- Internal -->
+  <rect x="470" y="453" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E0C6C6" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="475" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3030">function</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="493" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E0C6C6" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="515" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3030">code / frame</text>
+  <rect x="470" y="533" width="150" height="34" rx="8" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E0C6C6" stroke-width="1"/><text x="545" y="555" text-anchor="middle" fill="#5C3030">module / method</text>
+</g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/objects/object/object-runtime-relation.svg b/objects/object/object-runtime-relation.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+<svg width="100%" viewBox="0 0 900 360" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" font-family="-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Roboto,'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif">
+<title>对象运行时的类型关系</title>
+<desc>实例 int(10) 的 ob_type 指向类型对象 PyLong_Type；PyLong_Type 的 tp_base 指向基类型 PyBaseObject_Type，其 ob_type 指向元类型 PyType_Type；PyLong_Type 的 ob_type 也指向 PyType_Type；而 PyType_Type 的 ob_type 指向自身。</desc>
+<defs>
+  <style>
+    .ct{font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;}
+    .fd{font-size:11.5px;font-family:'SF Mono','JetBrains Mono',ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;}
+    .dim{font-size:11.5px;font-family:'SF Mono','JetBrains Mono',ui-monospace,Consolas,monospace;}
+    .cap{font-size:11px;}
+  </style>
+  <filter id="sh" x="-30%" y="-30%" width="160%" height="160%"><feDropShadow dx="0" dy="1.4" stdDeviation="2" flood-color="#2A2A28" flood-opacity="0.12"/></filter>
+  <linearGradient id="gG" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#E9F6F1"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#DBF0E7"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gB" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#EFF3FA"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E0E9F6"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gR" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#F8EEEE"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#F1E1E1"/></linearGradient>
+  <linearGradient id="gP" x1="0" y1="0" x2="0" y2="1"><stop offset="0" stop-color="#F3F1FD"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#E9E6FB"/></linearGradient>
+  <marker id="ah" viewBox="0 0 10 10" refX="8" refY="5" markerWidth="7" markerHeight="7" orient="auto-start-reverse"><path d="M2 1L8 5L2 9" fill="none" stroke="#8E8B80" stroke-width="1.6" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"/></marker>
+</defs>
+
+<rect x="0" y="0" width="900" height="360" fill="#FBFAF6"/>
+
+<!-- ===== arrows (under cards) ===== -->
+<g fill="none" stroke="#8E8B80" stroke-width="1.7" marker-end="url(#ah)">
+  <path d="M176,222 C212,222 212,182 246,182"/>
+  <path d="M388,210 C460,150 600,118 690,132"/>
+  <path d="M388,266 C424,266 424,240 468,240"/>
+  <path d="M610,268 C652,268 658,160 690,152"/>
+  <path d="M832,138 C886,128 884,54 764,66"/>
+</g>
+
+<!-- ===== int (10) — green ===== -->
+<rect x="36" y="150" width="140" height="142" rx="9" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#A8DCC9" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<path d="M36,180 V159 Q36,150 45,150 H167 Q176,150 176,159 V180 Z" fill="url(#gG)"/>
+<text x="106" y="170" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#0A463A">int (10)</text>
+<rect x="36" y="208" width="140" height="28" fill="#E4F2EB"/>
+<g stroke="#EDEAE2" stroke-width="1"><line x1="36" y1="180" x2="176" y2="180"/><line x1="36" y1="208" x2="176" y2="208"/><line x1="36" y1="236" x2="176" y2="236"/><line x1="36" y1="264" x2="176" y2="264"/></g>
+<g class="fd" fill="#0A463A"><text x="50" y="199">ob_refcnt</text><text x="50" y="227">*ob_type</text><text x="50" y="255">ob_size</text><text x="50" y="283">ob_digit</text></g>
+
+<!-- ===== PyLong_Type — blue ===== -->
+<rect x="248" y="138" width="140" height="170" rx="9" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#C3D2E8" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<path d="M248,168 V147 Q248,138 257,138 H379 Q388,138 388,147 V168 Z" fill="url(#gB)"/>
+<text x="318" y="158" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#28415F">PyLong_Type</text>
+<rect x="248" y="196" width="140" height="28" fill="#EEF3FA"/>
+<rect x="248" y="252" width="140" height="28" fill="#EEF3FA"/>
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+<g class="fd" fill="#28415F"><text x="262" y="187">ob_refcnt</text><text x="262" y="215">*ob_type</text><text x="262" y="271">tp_base</text></g>
+<g class="dim" fill="#A9B4C4"><text x="262" y="243">… …</text><text x="262" y="299">… …</text></g>
+
+<!-- ===== PyBaseObject_Type — rose ===== -->
+<rect x="470" y="196" width="140" height="114" rx="9" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#E0C6C6" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<path d="M470,226 V205 Q470,196 479,196 H601 Q610,196 610,205 V226 Z" fill="url(#gR)"/>
+<text x="540" y="216" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#5C3030" font-size="11">PyBaseObject_Type</text>
+<rect x="470" y="254" width="140" height="28" fill="#F7EAEA"/>
+<g stroke="#EDEAE2" stroke-width="1"><line x1="470" y1="226" x2="610" y2="226"/><line x1="470" y1="254" x2="610" y2="254"/><line x1="470" y1="282" x2="610" y2="282"/></g>
+<g class="fd" fill="#5C3030"><text x="484" y="245">ob_refcnt</text><text x="484" y="273">*ob_type</text></g>
+<g class="dim" fill="#CBB1B1"><text x="484" y="301">… …</text></g>
+
+<!-- ===== PyType_Type — purple ===== -->
+<rect x="692" y="66" width="140" height="114" rx="9" fill="#FFFFFF" stroke="#CCC7F1" stroke-width="1" filter="url(#sh)"/>
+<path d="M692,96 V75 Q692,66 701,66 H823 Q832,66 832,75 V96 Z" fill="url(#gP)"/>
+<text x="762" y="86" text-anchor="middle" class="ct" fill="#2E2972">PyType_Type</text>
+<rect x="692" y="124" width="140" height="28" fill="#EFEDFB"/>
+<g stroke="#EDEAE2" stroke-width="1"><line x1="692" y1="96" x2="832" y2="96"/><line x1="692" y1="124" x2="832" y2="124"/><line x1="692" y1="152" x2="832" y2="152"/></g>
+<g class="fd" fill="#2E2972"><text x="706" y="115">ob_refcnt</text><text x="706" y="143">*ob_type</text></g>
+<g class="dim" fill="#B7B2DC"><text x="706" y="171">… …</text></g>
+
+<!-- caption -->
+<text x="450" y="344" text-anchor="middle" class="cap" fill="#9A988F">运行时类型关系：实例 int(10) → 类型对象 PyLong_Type → 元类型 PyType_Type（其类型指向自身）</text>
+</svg>
