diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index d826db437c5..40763ca9807 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ### Fixes
 
+- Preserve single-sample ANR profile chunks so profiles remain available on ANR events ([#5872](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5872))
 - Prevent inflated cold app start when the OS spawns the process in the background (e.g. FCM push) on API 35+ ([#5841](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5841))
 - Avoid a CPU busy-loop when recording discarded log or metric envelopes under rate limiting ([#5835](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-java/pull/5835))
   - `ClientReportRecorder` now reads the item count from the envelope item header instead of deserializing the payload, which under sustained rate limiting could pin CPU cores while repeatedly throwing exceptions
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/StackTraceConverter.java b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/StackTraceConverter.java
index f6f29689f72..8f1254e08ca 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/StackTraceConverter.java
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/main/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/StackTraceConverter.java
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ public final class StackTraceConverter {
   private static final String MAIN_THREAD_ID = "0";
   private static final String MAIN_THREAD_NAME = "main";
 
+  /**
+   * Timestamp offset used with synthetic ANR profile samples. (Currently 33 ms.)
+   *
+   * <p>Places the synthetic sample halfway to the next ANR polling tick.
+   */
+  private static final double SYNTHETIC_SAMPLE_OFFSET_SECONDS =
+      (AnrProfilingIntegration.POLLING_INTERVAL_MS / 2.0d) / 1000.0d;
+
   /**
    * Converts a list of {@link AnrStackTrace} objects to a {@link SentryProfile}.
    *
@@ -80,6 +88,15 @@ public static SentryProfile convert(final @NotNull AnrProfile anrProfile) {
       profile.getSamples().add(sample);
     }
 
+    // Relay will reject ANR profiles with only one sample, even though they're still useful.
+    // (Relay's policy was defined with continuous profiles in mind, before ANR profiles were a
+    // thing.) If we only have one sample, synthesize another that only differs in its timestamp.
+    if (profile.getSamples().size() == 1) {
+      final @NotNull SentrySample originalSample = profile.getSamples().get(0);
+      final @NotNull SentrySample syntheticSample = createSyntheticSample(originalSample);
+      profile.getSamples().add(syntheticSample);
+    }
+
     profile.setFrames(frames);
     profile.setStacks(stacks);
 
@@ -147,4 +164,18 @@ private static SentryStackFrame createSentryStackFrame(@NotNull StackTraceElemen
     }
     return frame;
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a {@link SentrySample} identical to {@code originalSample}, save that its timestamp is
+   * advanced by {@link #SYNTHETIC_SAMPLE_OFFSET_SECONDS}.
+   *
+   * <p>Lets us produce a plausible synthetic sample without misleading the user about the ANR's
+   * actual duration or cause.
+   */
+  @NotNull
+  private static SentrySample createSyntheticSample(@NotNull SentrySample originalSample) {
+    final @NotNull SentrySample syntheticSample = new SentrySample(originalSample);
+    syntheticSample.setTimestamp(originalSample.getTimestamp() + SYNTHETIC_SAMPLE_OFFSET_SECONDS);
+    return syntheticSample;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt
index e80c738b5ea..176ca460eb1 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest.kt
@@ -1012,9 +1012,15 @@ class ApplicationExitInfoEventProcessorTest {
       mockedSentry.`when`<Any> { Sentry.getCurrentScopes() }.thenReturn(scopes)
 
       val processed = processor.process(SentryEvent(), hint)
+      val chunkCaptor = argumentCaptor<ProfileChunk>()
+      verify(scopes).captureProfileChunk(chunkCaptor.capture())
+      val sentryProfile = chunkCaptor.firstValue.sentryProfile
 
       assertNotNull(processed?.contexts?.profile)
       assertNotNull(processed.contexts.profile?.profilerId)
+      assertNotNull(sentryProfile)
+      // Two samples are present b/c the converter adds a synthetic one to keep Relay happy.
+      assertEquals(2, sentryProfile.samples.size)
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTraceConverterTest.kt b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTraceConverterTest.kt
index f48f1674166..9dcde8eb4a6 100644
--- a/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTraceConverterTest.kt
+++ b/sentry-android-core/src/test/java/io/sentry/android/core/anr/AnrStackTraceConverterTest.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ class AnrStackTraceConverterTest {
     val profile = StackTraceConverter.convert(AnrProfile(anrStackTraces))
 
     Assert.assertNotNull(profile)
-    Assert.assertEquals(1, profile.samples.size)
+    // Two samples are present b/c the converter adds a synthetic one to keep Relay happy.
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, profile.samples.size)
     Assert.assertEquals(2, profile.frames.size)
     Assert.assertEquals(1, profile.stacks.size)
 
@@ -46,6 +47,57 @@ class AnrStackTraceConverterTest {
     Assert.assertEquals(1.0, sample.timestamp, 0.001) // 1000ms = 1s
   }
 
+  @Test
+  fun testAddSyntheticSampleIfOnlyOneSamplePresent() {
+    val elements = arrayOf(StackTraceElement("com.example.MyClass", "method1", "MyClass.java", 42))
+
+    val anrStackTraces: MutableList<AnrStackTrace?> = ArrayList()
+    anrStackTraces.add(AnrStackTrace(1000, elements))
+
+    val profile = StackTraceConverter.convert(AnrProfile(anrStackTraces))
+
+    val originalSample = profile.samples[0]
+    val syntheticSample = profile.samples[1]
+    val expectedOffsetSeconds = AnrProfilingIntegration.POLLING_INTERVAL_MS / 2.0 / 1000.0
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(
+      originalSample.timestamp + expectedOffsetSeconds,
+      syntheticSample.timestamp,
+      0.001,
+    )
+
+    Assert.assertTrue(profile.stacks[syntheticSample.stackId].isNotEmpty())
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, profile.samples.size)
+    Assert.assertEquals(1, profile.stacks.size)
+    Assert.assertEquals(1, profile.frames.size)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun testDoNotAddSyntheticSampleIfMultipleSamplesPresent() {
+    val elements = arrayOf(StackTraceElement("com.example.MyClass", "method1", "MyClass.java", 42))
+
+    val anrStackTraces: MutableList<AnrStackTrace?> = ArrayList()
+    anrStackTraces.add(AnrStackTrace(1000, elements))
+    anrStackTraces.add(AnrStackTrace(2000, elements))
+
+    val profile = StackTraceConverter.convert(AnrProfile(anrStackTraces))
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(2, profile.samples.size)
+    Assert.assertEquals(1.0, profile.samples[0].timestamp, 0.001)
+    Assert.assertEquals(2.0, profile.samples[1].timestamp, 0.001)
+    Assert.assertEquals(1, profile.stacks.size)
+    Assert.assertEquals(1, profile.frames.size)
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun testDoNotAddSyntheticSampleIfNoSamplesPresent() {
+    val profile = StackTraceConverter.convert(AnrProfile(ArrayList()))
+
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, profile.samples.size)
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, profile.stacks.size)
+    Assert.assertEquals(0, profile.frames.size)
+  }
+
   @Test
   fun testFrameDeduplication() {
     // Create two stack traces with duplicate frames
diff --git a/sentry/api/sentry.api b/sentry/api/sentry.api
index b807f70a88d..51cffae3302 100644
--- a/sentry/api/sentry.api
+++ b/sentry/api/sentry.api
@@ -7066,6 +7066,7 @@ public final class io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentryProfile$JsonKeys {
 
 public final class io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySample : io/sentry/JsonSerializable, io/sentry/JsonUnknown {
 	public fun <init> ()V
+	public fun <init> (Lio/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySample;)V
 	public fun getStackId ()I
 	public fun getThreadId ()Ljava/lang/String;
 	public fun getTimestamp ()D
diff --git a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySample.java b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySample.java
index af9053742d3..a21b3a4af9d 100644
--- a/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySample.java
+++ b/sentry/src/main/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySample.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import io.sentry.JsonUnknown;
 import io.sentry.ObjectReader;
 import io.sentry.ObjectWriter;
+import io.sentry.util.CollectionUtils;
 import io.sentry.vendor.gson.stream.JsonToken;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -27,6 +28,15 @@ public final class SentrySample implements JsonUnknown, JsonSerializable {
 
   private @Nullable Map<String, Object> unknown;
 
+  public SentrySample() {}
+
+  public SentrySample(final @NotNull SentrySample sample) {
+    this.timestamp = sample.timestamp;
+    this.stackId = sample.stackId;
+    this.threadId = sample.threadId;
+    this.unknown = CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap(sample.unknown);
+  }
+
   public double getTimestamp() {
     return timestamp;
   }
diff --git a/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySampleTest.kt b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySampleTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..49c587b3004
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sentry/src/test/java/io/sentry/protocol/profiling/SentrySampleTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+package io.sentry.protocol.profiling
+
+import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat
+import org.junit.Test
+
+class SentrySampleTest {
+
+  @Test
+  fun `copying sample keeps values and copies unknown`() {
+    val unknown = mutableMapOf<String, Any>("key" to "value")
+    val original =
+      SentrySample().apply {
+        timestamp = 1.23
+        stackId = 4
+        threadId = "main"
+        setUnknown(unknown)
+      }
+
+    val copy = SentrySample(original)
+
+    assertThat(copy.timestamp).isEqualTo(original.timestamp)
+    assertThat(copy.stackId).isEqualTo(original.stackId)
+    assertThat(copy.threadId).isEqualTo(original.threadId)
+    assertThat(copy.unknown).containsExactlyEntriesIn(original.unknown)
+    assertThat(copy.unknown).isNotSameInstanceAs(original.unknown)
+
+    unknown["key"] = "changed"
+    assertThat(copy.unknown).containsEntry("key", "value")
+  }
+}