Add `ActionState` type and make some initial use of it #4004

Job	Run time
Upload debug artifacts (linked)	5m 34s
Upload debug artifacts (default)	5m 45s
Upload debug artifacts (stable-v2.20.3)	5m 42s
Upload debug artifacts (nightly-latest)	6m 6s
Download and check debug artifacts	7s
	23m 14s

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