Add `ActionState` type and make some initial use of it #12667

Job	Run time
analyze-other (actions)	41s
analyze-other (python)	49s
check-codeql-versions	7s
analyze-javascript (windows-2022)	5m 45s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-24.04, linked)	4m 21s
analyze-javascript (macos-15-xlarge)	2m 32s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-24.04)	4m 31s
analyze-javascript (macos-14-xlarge)	2m 24s
analyze-javascript (windows-2022, linked)	5m 21s
analyze-javascript (macos-15-xlarge, linked)	2m 33s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-22.04)	4m 20s
analyze-javascript (windows-2025)	5m 42s
analyze-javascript (windows-2025, linked)	6m 5s
analyze-javascript (ubuntu-22.04, linked)	4m 23s
analyze-javascript (macos-14-xlarge, linked)	2m 27s
	52m 1s

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