C++: add support for C++17 fold expressions

Author: nickrolfe

cpp/ql/src/semmle/code/cpp/exprs/Expr.qll

@@ -964,6 +964,65 @@ class NoExceptExpr extends Expr, @noexceptexpr {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * A C++17 fold expression.
+ */
+class FoldExpr extends Expr, @foldexpr {
+  override string toString() {
+    exists(string op |
+      op = this.getOperatorString() and
+      if this.isUnaryFold()
+      then
+        if this.isLeftFold()
+        then result = "( ... " + op + " pack )"
+        else result = "( pack " + op + " ... )"
+      else
+        if this.isLeftFold()
+        then result = "( init " + op + " ... " + op + " pack )"
+        else result = "( pack " + op + " ... " + op + " init )"
+    )
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the binary operator used in this fold expression, as a string. */
+  string getOperatorString() { fold(underlyingElement(this), result, _) }
+
+  /** Holds if this is a left-fold expression. */
+  predicate isLeftFold() { fold(underlyingElement(this), _, true) }
+
+  /** Holds if this is a right-fold expression. */
+  predicate isRightFold() { fold(underlyingElement(this), _, false) }
+
+  /** Holds if this is a unary fold expression. */
+  predicate isUnaryFold() { getNumChild() = 1 }
+
+  /** Holds if this is a binary fold expression. */
+  predicate isBinaryFold() { getNumChild() = 2 }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the child expression containing the unexpanded parameter pack.
+   */
+  Expr getPackExpr() {
+    this.isUnaryFold() and
+    result = getChild(0)
+    or
+    this.isBinaryFold() and
+    if this.isRightFold() then result = getChild(0) else result = getChild(1)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If this is a binary fold, gets the expression representing the initial value.
+   */
+  Expr getInitExpr() {
+    this.isBinaryFold() and
+    if this.isRightFold() then result = getChild(1) else result = getChild(0)
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Holds if this is a binary fold with a child expression representing the initial value.
+   */
+  predicate hasInitExpr() { exists(this.getInitExpr()) }
+}
+
 /**
  * Holds if `child` is the `n`th child of `parent` in an alternative syntax
  * tree that has `Conversion`s as part of the tree.

cpp/ql/src/semmlecode.cpp.dbscheme

@@ -1432,6 +1432,7 @@ case @expr.kind of
 | 129 = @new_array_expr
 // ... 130 @objc_array_literal deprecated
 // ... 131 @objc_dictionary_literal deprecated
+| 132 = @foldexpr
 // ...
 | 200 = @ctordirectinit
 | 201 = @ctorvirtualinit
@@ -1579,6 +1580,12 @@ lambda_capture(
 @addressable = @function | @variable ;
 @accessible = @addressable | @enumconstant ;
 
+fold(
+    int expr: @foldexpr ref,
+    string operator: string ref,
+    boolean is_left_fold: boolean ref
+);
+
 stmts(
     unique int id: @stmt,
     int kind: int ref,