diff --git a/eslint.config.js b/eslint.config.js
index c8452e0..e089a0a 100644
--- a/eslint.config.js
+++ b/eslint.config.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export default antfu({
     indent: 2,
     semi: false,
     quotes: 'single',
-    jsx: true,
+    jsx: false,
   },
   formatters: true,
   typescript: true,
@@ -15,5 +15,8 @@ export default antfu({
   rules: {
     'ts/no-empty-object-type': 'off',
     'ts/no-namespace': 'off',
+    'style/brace-style': ['error', '1tbs', { allowSingleLine: false }],
+    'style/arrow-parens': ['error', 'always'],
+    'curly': ['error', 'all'],
   },
 })
diff --git a/src/index.ts b/src/index.ts
index 1ceffe9..c8f32ea 100644
--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export * from './jsx.ts'
 export { Line } from './Line.ts'
+export * from './parse.ts'
 export * from './render.ts'
 export * from './types.ts'
diff --git a/src/jsx.ts b/src/jsx.ts
index 9fd6bdb..ab6dfb1 100644
--- a/src/jsx.ts
+++ b/src/jsx.ts
@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ export function createElement(
     })
   }
 
-  if (typeof type === 'function')
+  if (typeof type === 'function') {
     return type({ ...props, children })
+  }
 
   throw new Error(`Invalid JSX component: ${type}.`)
 }
@@ -49,11 +50,13 @@ function elementsFromNode(node: TgxNode): TgxElement[] {
       return [{ type: 'plain', value: node }]
   }
 
-  if (node == null)
+  if (node == null) {
     return [{ type: 'plain', value: node }]
+  }
 
-  if (Array.isArray(node))
-    return node.flatMap(child => elementsFromNode(child))
+  if (Array.isArray(node)) {
+    return node.flatMap((child) => elementsFromNode(child))
+  }
 
   return [node]
 }
diff --git a/src/parse.ts b/src/parse.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5363e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/parse.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import type { TextEntity, TgxElement, TgxElementText } from './types.ts'
+
+/**
+ * @see https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#messageentity
+ */
+export interface MessageEntity {
+  type:
+    | 'mention'
+    | 'hashtag'
+    | 'cashtag'
+    | 'bot_command'
+    | 'url'
+    | 'email'
+    | 'phone_number'
+    | 'bold'
+    | 'italic'
+    | 'underline'
+    | 'strikethrough'
+    | 'spoiler'
+    | 'code'
+    | 'pre'
+    | 'blockquote'
+    | 'expandable_blockquote'
+    | 'text_link'
+    | 'text_mention'
+    | 'custom_emoji'
+    | 'date_time'
+  offset: number
+  length: number
+  url?: string
+  language?: string
+  custom_emoji_id?: string
+  unix_time?: number
+  date_time_format?: string
+}
+
+/**
+ * Converts formatted Telegram text with message entities to a {@link TgxElement}.
+ */
+export function parseEntities(
+  text: string,
+  entities: ReadonlyArray<MessageEntity> = [],
+): TgxElement {
+  const parsedEntities = mergeAdjacentEntities(collectValidEntities(text, entities))
+  const root: TgxElement[] = []
+  const openStack: OpenEntity[] = []
+  const boundaries = buildBoundaries(parsedEntities, text.length)
+
+  let cursor = 0
+  for (const boundary of boundaries) {
+    const chunk = text.slice(cursor, boundary)
+    if (chunk && !isSuppressedChunk(openStack)) {
+      const target = openStack.length > 0 ? openStack.at(-1)!.node.subelements : root
+      target.push({ type: 'plain', value: chunk })
+    }
+
+    while (openStack.length > 0 && openStack.at(-1)!.end === boundary) {
+      openStack.pop()
+    }
+
+    for (const item of parsedEntities) {
+      if (item.start !== boundary) {
+        continue
+      }
+
+      const node: TgxElementText = { type: 'text', entity: item.entity, subelements: [] }
+      const target = openStack.length > 0 ? openStack.at(-1)!.node.subelements : root
+      target.push(node)
+      openStack.push({ end: item.end, node })
+    }
+
+    cursor = boundary
+  }
+
+  return { type: 'fragment', subelements: root }
+}
+
+interface ParsedEntity {
+  start: number
+  end: number
+  entity: TextEntity
+}
+
+interface OpenEntity {
+  end: number
+  node: TgxElementText
+}
+
+/**
+ * Merges adjacent entities of the same type that exist at the same nesting
+ * level. Two entities A and B (A.end === B.start) can be merged when no other
+ * entity C creates a nesting boundary exactly between them:
+ *   - Condition 1: no C with C.start ≤ A.start and C.end === A.end
+ *     (C ends exactly at the boundary — merged M would escape C)
+ *   - Condition 2: no C with C.start === B.start and C.end > B.end
+ *     (C starts at the boundary and extends further — merged M would cross C)
+ *
+ * The process is repeated until no more merges are possible.
+ */
+function mergeAdjacentEntities(entities: ParsedEntity[]): ParsedEntity[] {
+  let result = entities.slice()
+  let pair = findMergePair(result)
+  while (pair !== null) {
+    const [i, j] = pair
+    const A = result[i]!
+    const B = result[j]!
+    const merged: ParsedEntity = { start: A.start, end: B.end, entity: A.entity }
+    result = result.filter((_, k) => k !== i && k !== j)
+    result.push(merged)
+    result.sort((a, b) => (a.start !== b.start ? a.start - b.start : b.end - a.end))
+    pair = findMergePair(result)
+  }
+  return result
+}
+
+function findMergePair(entities: ParsedEntity[]): [number, number] | null {
+  for (let i = 0; i < entities.length; i++) {
+    for (let j = 0; j < entities.length; j++) {
+      if (i === j) {
+        continue
+      }
+      const A = entities[i]!
+      const B = entities[j]!
+      if (A.end !== B.start || !entitiesDeepEqual(A.entity, B.entity)) {
+        continue
+      }
+      if (canMergeAdjacentEntities(A, B, entities)) {
+        return [i, j]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+function canMergeAdjacentEntities(
+  A: ParsedEntity,
+  B: ParsedEntity,
+  all: ParsedEntity[],
+): boolean {
+  for (const C of all) {
+    if (C === A || C === B) {
+      continue
+    }
+    if (C.start <= A.start && C.end === A.end) {
+      return false
+    }
+    if (C.start === B.start && C.end > B.end) {
+      return false
+    }
+  }
+  return true
+}
+
+function entitiesDeepEqual(a: TextEntity, b: TextEntity): boolean {
+  return JSON.stringify(a) === JSON.stringify(b)
+}
+
+function isSuppressedChunk(openStack: Array<OpenEntity>): boolean {
+  return openStack.at(-1)?.node.entity.type === 'custom-emoji'
+}
+
+function buildBoundaries(entities: Array<ParsedEntity>, textLength: number): number[] {
+  const boundaries = new Set<number>([textLength])
+  for (const entity of entities) {
+    boundaries.add(entity.start)
+    boundaries.add(entity.end)
+  }
+  return Array.from(boundaries).sort((a, b) => a - b)
+}
+
+function collectValidEntities(
+  text: string,
+  entities: readonly MessageEntity[],
+): ParsedEntity[] {
+  const sorted = entities.toSorted((a, b) => {
+    if (a.offset !== b.offset) {
+      return a.offset - b.offset
+    }
+    return b.length - a.length
+  })
+
+  const valid: ParsedEntity[] = []
+  const stack: number[] = []
+
+  for (const entity of sorted) {
+    const start = entity.offset
+    const end = entity.offset + entity.length
+
+    if (!isValidRange(start, end, text.length)) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    const mapped = mapEntity(text.slice(start, end), entity)
+    if (!mapped) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    while (stack.length > 0 && start >= stack.at(-1)!) {
+      stack.pop()
+    }
+
+    if (stack.length > 0 && end > stack.at(-1)!) {
+      continue
+    }
+
+    valid.push({ start, end, entity: mapped })
+    stack.push(end)
+  }
+
+  return valid
+}
+
+function isValidRange(start: number, end: number, textLength: number): boolean {
+  if (!Number.isSafeInteger(start) || !Number.isSafeInteger(end)) {
+    return false
+  }
+  if (start < 0 || end < 0 || end <= start) {
+    return false
+  }
+  return end <= textLength
+}
+
+function mapEntity(
+  content: string,
+  entity: MessageEntity,
+): TextEntity | null {
+  switch (entity.type) {
+    case 'bold':
+      return { type: 'bold' }
+    case 'italic':
+      return { type: 'italic' }
+    case 'underline':
+      return { type: 'underline' }
+    case 'strikethrough':
+      return { type: 'strikethrough' }
+    case 'spoiler':
+      return { type: 'spoiler' }
+    case 'code':
+      return { type: 'code' }
+    case 'pre':
+      return { type: 'codeblock', language: entity.language }
+    case 'text_link':
+      return entity.url
+        ? { type: 'link', url: entity.url }
+        : null
+    case 'custom_emoji':
+      return entity.custom_emoji_id
+        ? { type: 'custom-emoji', id: entity.custom_emoji_id, alt: content }
+        : null
+    case 'blockquote':
+      return { type: 'blockquote', expandable: false }
+    case 'expandable_blockquote':
+      return { type: 'blockquote', expandable: true }
+    case 'date_time':
+      return entity.unix_time != null
+        ? { type: 'date-time', unix: entity.unix_time, format: entity.date_time_format }
+        : null
+  }
+  return null
+}
diff --git a/src/render.ts b/src/render.ts
index ec4a4ea..1c4c898 100644
--- a/src/render.ts
+++ b/src/render.ts
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ function renderTextElement(el: TgxElementText): string {
 }
 
 function renderPlainElement({ value }: TgxElementPlain): string {
-  if (value == null || typeof value === 'boolean')
+  if (value == null || typeof value === 'boolean') {
     return ''
+  }
   return sanitize(String(value))
 }
 
diff --git a/test/jsx.test.tsx b/test/jsx.test.tsx
index 3273ba0..dc22bc1 100644
--- a/test/jsx.test.tsx
+++ b/test/jsx.test.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
 
 describe('jsx', () => {
   it('should transform fragments', () => {
-    // deno-lint-ignore jsx-no-useless-fragment
     expect(<></>).toEqual({
       type: 'fragment',
       subelements: [],
diff --git a/test/parse.test.tsx b/test/parse.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4398b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parse.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+import type { MessageEntity, TgxElement } from '../src/index.ts'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+import { parseEntities } from '../src/index.ts'
+
+describe('parseEntities', () => {
+  const TEST_CASES: Array<{
+    name: string
+    text: string
+    entities?: Array<MessageEntity>
+    expected: TgxElement
+  }> = [
+    {
+      name: 'plain text w/o entities',
+      text: 'hello',
+      entities: [],
+      expected: <>{'hello'}</>,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'nested entities with stable structure',
+      text: 'hello world',
+      entities: [
+        { type: 'bold', offset: 0, length: 11 },
+        { type: 'italic', offset: 6, length: 5 },
+      ],
+      expected: <><b>{'hello '}<i>{'world'}</i></b></>,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'adjacent entities',
+      text: 'abcd',
+      entities: [
+        { type: 'bold', offset: 0, length: 2 },
+        { type: 'italic', offset: 2, length: 2 },
+      ],
+      expected: <><b>{'ab'}</b><i>{'cd'}</i></>,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'link, codeblock and custom emoji',
+      text: 'ab🙂de',
+      entities: [
+        { type: 'text_link', offset: 0, length: 2, url: 'https://example.com' },
+        { type: 'custom_emoji', offset: 2, length: 2, custom_emoji_id: '42' },
+        { type: 'pre', offset: 4, length: 1, language: 'ts' },
+      ],
+      expected: (
+        <>
+          <a href="https://example.com">{'ab'}</a>
+          <emoji alt="🙂" id="42" />
+          <codeblock lang="ts">{'d'}</codeblock>
+          {'e'}
+        </>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'ignoring invalid and crossing entities',
+      text: 'abcdef',
+      entities: [
+        { type: 'bold', offset: -1, length: 1 },
+        { type: 'italic', offset: 0, length: 0 },
+        { type: 'underline', offset: 0, length: 4 },
+        { type: 'strikethrough', offset: 2, length: 4 }, // crossing with underline, should be skipped
+        { type: 'code', offset: 4, length: 2 },
+        { type: 'mention', offset: 0, length: 2 }, // unsupported, ignored
+      ],
+      expected: (
+        <>
+          <u>{'abcd'}</u>
+          <code>{'ef'}</code>
+        </>
+      ),
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'UTF-16 offsets for ZWJ emoji sequences',
+      text: `x${'👨‍👩‍👧‍👦'}y`,
+      entities: [
+        { type: 'custom_emoji', offset: 1, length: 11, custom_emoji_id: 'family-1' },
+        { type: 'code', offset: 12, length: 1 },
+      ],
+      expected: <>{'x'}<emoji alt="👨‍👩‍👧‍👦" id="family-1" /><code>{'y'}</code></>,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'surrogate pairs',
+      text: 'A🙂e\u0301Ж',
+      entities: [
+        { offset: 1, length: 2, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 3, length: 2, type: 'italic' },
+        { offset: 5, length: 1, type: 'underline' },
+      ],
+      expected: <>{'A'}<b>{'🙂'}</b><i>{'e\u0301'}</i><u>{'Ж'}</u></>,
+    },
+    {
+      name: 'complex example',
+      text: '😮‍💨ПРИМЕР🚫\n\n🇷🇺 - 俄罗斯\n🇺🇸 – Америка\n🇨🇳 — China\n\nмоноширинный ↔️ text\n\n\nconsole.log("👋 Hi there!")\n\n\nCopy this code → الرمز الترويجي ← for nothing.\n\nExpandable blockquote with bold, italic, spoiler, strikethrough, underline, and bold italic spoiler strikethrough underline text!\n\nTomorrow at 12:34.',
+      entities: [
+        { offset: 0, length: 5, type: 'custom_emoji', custom_emoji_id: '5192886773948107844' },
+        { offset: 5, length: 6, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 11, length: 2, type: 'custom_emoji', custom_emoji_id: '5776064103483184336' },
+        { offset: 15, length: 4, type: 'text_link', url: 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia' },
+        { offset: 26, length: 4, type: 'text_link', url: 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States' },
+        { offset: 41, length: 4, type: 'text_link', url: 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China' },
+        { offset: 55, length: 20, type: 'code' },
+        { offset: 77, length: 29, type: 'pre', language: 'js' },
+        { offset: 125, length: 14, type: 'code' },
+        { offset: 156, length: 129, type: 'expandable_blockquote' },
+        { offset: 183, length: 4, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 189, length: 6, type: 'italic' },
+        { offset: 197, length: 7, type: 'spoiler' },
+        { offset: 206, length: 13, type: 'strikethrough' },
+        { offset: 221, length: 9, type: 'underline' },
+        { offset: 236, length: 5, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 241, length: 7, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 241, length: 7, type: 'italic' },
+        { offset: 248, length: 8, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 248, length: 8, type: 'italic' },
+        { offset: 248, length: 8, type: 'spoiler' },
+        { offset: 256, length: 14, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 256, length: 14, type: 'italic' },
+        { offset: 256, length: 14, type: 'strikethrough' },
+        { offset: 256, length: 14, type: 'spoiler' },
+        { offset: 270, length: 14, type: 'bold' },
+        { offset: 270, length: 14, type: 'italic' },
+        { offset: 270, length: 14, type: 'underline' },
+        { offset: 270, length: 14, type: 'strikethrough' },
+        { offset: 270, length: 14, type: 'spoiler' },
+        { offset: 287, length: 17, type: 'date_time', unix_time: 1774510496, date_time_format: 'dt' },
+      ],
+      expected: (
+        <>
+          <emoji alt="😮‍💨" id="5192886773948107844" />
+          <b>ПРИМЕР</b>
+          <emoji alt="🚫" id="5776064103483184336" />
+          {'\n\n'}
+          <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia">🇷🇺</a>
+          {' - 俄罗斯\n'}
+          <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States">🇺🇸</a>
+          {' – Америка\n'}
+          <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China">🇨🇳</a>
+          {' — China\n\n'}
+          <code>моноширинный ↔️ text</code>
+          {'\n\n'}
+          <codeblock lang="js">{'\nconsole.log("👋 Hi there!")\n'}</codeblock>
+          {'\n\nCopy this code → '}
+          <code>{'الرمز الترويجي'}</code>
+          {' ← for nothing.\n\n'}
+          <blockquote expandable={true}>
+            {'Expandable blockquote with '}
+            <b>bold</b>
+            {', '}
+            <i>italic</i>
+            {', '}
+            <spoiler>spoiler</spoiler>
+            {', '}
+            <s>strikethrough</s>
+            {', '}
+            <u>underline</u>
+            {', and '}
+            <b>bold <i>italic <spoiler>spoiler <s>strikethrough <u>underline text</u></s></spoiler></i></b>
+            {'!'}
+          </blockquote>
+          {'\n\n'}
+          <time unix={1774510496} format="dt">Tomorrow at 12:34</time>
+          {'.'}
+        </>
+      ),
+    },
+  ]
+
+  it.each(TEST_CASES)('should parse $name', ({ text, entities, expected }) => {
+    expect(parseEntities(text, entities)).toEqual(expected)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/tsconfig.lib.json b/tsconfig.lib.json
index ac9e52c..13e334c 100644
--- a/tsconfig.lib.json
+++ b/tsconfig.lib.json
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "compilerOptions": {
     "tsBuildInfoFile": "./node_modules/.tmp/tsconfig.lib.tsbuildinfo",
     "target": "es2022",
-    "lib": ["ES2022"],
+    "lib": ["ESNext"],
     "moduleDetection": "force",
     "rootDir": "./src/",
     "module": "node20",