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</head>
<body lang=RU style='tab-interval:35.4pt'>
<div class=Section1>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The One and Only (Except Source
Comments) Guide to OMG!OCRCAL<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Abstract<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>OMG!OCRCAL
is a calculator with following near-to-unique features:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style='margin-top:0cm' type=disc>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l4 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>main input mode is handwriting;
keypad provided for accessibility. Section Recognition describes certain
limitations of handwriting input<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l4 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>customizable number shapes used
both for input and output<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l4 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>calculation performed on
character strings using good old school methods<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Running<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The program
may be started from the Visual Studio IDE or by running the compiled executable
file. I recommend running the release version it responds more smoothly. You
should only ensure that the file definition.txt is located in the current
directory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Interface<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Most of the
may I call it work? on this program went into creation of user interface.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The main
program window is divided into 4 parts:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Input area. You may draw shapes
by <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>left-dragging in the green</b>
(1a) <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>or yellow</b> (1b) <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>squares</b>. Shapes drawn in the green
square are added to current image and immediately recognized (see Recognition).
When you draw something in the yellow square, the contents of the green
one are fixed and yellow square becomes green.<br>
Characters that dont fit on screen are skipped, but will appear if you
resize the screen.<br>
Previously recognized characters are marked with gray, and <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>unrecognized </b> <b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>with red border</b>. Gray and red
squares may not be modified. <br>
If you find an error in the green square, you may draw multiple lines in
the square so that the shape will be ignored (1c).<br>
The gray and red characters are immutable, bad luck if you havent noticed
the error at once. You may, however, draw = to complete the expression
and then reenter the characters correctly.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Buffer display. Last
successfully recognized characters from the input zone are displayed here.
<b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Unrecognized images are silently
ignored</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Result display. If the input
ends in =, the result of expression is displayed here. Otherwise, the
incomplete expression is shown here. The characters are shrunk if needed
to fit the result on screen.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Keypad. It is secondary means
of input, and much inferior to the handwriting from most points of view,
except speed and reliability. Please note that <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>keypad does not store characters</b>, but only images. When you
press a key on the keypad, the corresponding image is drawn and recognized.
<br>
Besides the character input, the keypad may be used for following actions:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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characters larger<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Right-click on - makes all
characters smaller<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Right-click on = resets
character size<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Right-click on 0 resets all
data<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l3 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 72.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Right-click on 4 exits
program<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Recognition<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<h2><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Basics<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Due to the
time constraints, fully functional image recognition was impossible. Currently,
only the following shapes are recognized:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Line<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Circle<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l2 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Circular segment<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Also note
that <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>shapes need to be drawn separately
and continuously</b>. For example, the circles must be drawn in one motion, and
9 and 6 characters may not be drawn in single motion, but instead as a
circle first, and then a line. Or vice versa, as you wish.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Im especially
sorry about the inability to enter 8 in a single swift sweep of hand, youll
have to draw one circle above another. Or, as youll see below, not quite
above. And even not necessarily a circle
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Shapes<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The
algorithm of shape recognition may be quickly described as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The shape is a line if distance
between any point of shape and a line connecting its start and end is small
enough. Also lines are divided into vertical, horizontal, slash- and
backslash-like based on the position of their starts and ends.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l5 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>If the shape is not a line, it
is probably a circle or a segment thereof. And its center is probably (and
I know that its plain wrong for the segments, but it works due to
extremely large tolerance) in the center of the minimal box that may
contain the shape. Then we count all angles that are covered by vectors
that start in the center and go through the points on shape. The shape
is considered a circle if these angles cover all 360 degrees or a segment
if there exists a single angle interval. If there are several angle intervals,
the shape is something we dont know what to do with. Probably, you tried
to draw an 8 as you always do. Sorry once again.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>It is clear
from the description above that a shape neednt be a circle or a segment in
order to be recognized as such. For example, any square will pass a circle test
easily, and a [ shape will be equal to the ( in the eye of the algorithm.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>After weve
determined the shape type, we find the anchors points on the shape that are
used to join shapes with each other, forming characters. Top of the line,
middle of circle, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h2><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Characters<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The shape
of characters used in OMG!OCRCAL is defined in the file <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'>definition.txt</b>. This file <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>must
be located in the current directory</b> when you start the program. Its format
is quite human-readable, I encourage you to see it yourself. Special bonus if
youll determine the format of comment string without looking at the code. You
may even try and add new shapes of your favorite numbers!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Now, if
youve looked at the definition file, you should see that the characters
consist of shapes and joins. Some characters have alternate configurations. The
characters have distinct names and are addressed by them throughout the program
code.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The image
recognition process consists of following stages:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>We collect<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>the list of shapes in image.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:
EN-US'>If more then one character corresponds to the list</span></b><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>, we check the joins to see
which character matches better.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>This may
give a huge number of false positives, but thats something I decided to live
with. Call it optimization.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Character
output is controlled by the same rules:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style='margin-top:0cm' start=1 type=1>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>A random configuration is
selected for the characters with multiple looks.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Shapes are drawn.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Shapes are pulled together
using join information, giving an image<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class=MsoNormal style='mso-list:l1 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Image is fit inside its box<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Calculation<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The
calculation is performed entirely upon character strings without converting
them to numbers. The algorithms used are from the elementary school as I
remember it. The heart of calculation are <b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>inc()</b>
and <span class=SpellE><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>dec</b></span><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>()</b> functions, which return next and
previous characters respectively. Other functions use only special characters:
0, 1 and occasionally 9.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>The
calculation is performed immediately upon recognition of = character in the
input area.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h1><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Well,
thats all. See comments in the code for more information.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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