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<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--
Copyright 2010 Google Inc.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Original slides: Marcin Wichary (mwichary@google.com)
Modifications: Ernest Delgado (ernestd@google.com)
Alex Russell (slightlyoff@chromium.org)
landslide modifications: Adam Zapletal (adamzap@gmail.com)
Nicolas Perriault (nperriault@gmail.com)
-->
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="chrome=1">
<title>WebCrawler 网络爬虫</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="file://c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\landslide\themes\default\css\print.css">
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</head>
<body>
<div id="blank"></div>
<div class="presentation">
<div id="current_presenter_notes">
<div id="presenter_note"></div>
</div>
<div class="slides">
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-1">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>WebCrawler 网络爬虫</h1></header>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
1/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-2">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>WARNING</h1></header>
<section><p>如果你想将该技术用于实战，强烈建议你先阅读<a href="http://www.cac.gov.cn/2016-11/07/c_1119867116.htm">《中华人民共和国网络安全法》</a>，保证你的老板不被送进监狱</p>
<p>《网络安全法》以及最新刑事司法解释：</p>
<ul>
<li>未经授权爬取用户手机通讯录超过50条记录，老板进去最高可达3年；</li>
<li>未经授权抓取用户淘宝交易记录超过500条的，老板进去最高可达3年</li>
<li>未经授权读取用户运营商网站通话记录超过500条以上的，老板进去最高可达7年；</li>
<li>未经授权读取用户公积金社保记录超过50000条的，老板进去最高可达7年。</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
2/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-3">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>1. 爬虫的定义</h1></header>
<section><ul>
<li>按照一定规则，自动获取网络信息的程序</li>
<li>别名：网络机器人、网页蜘蛛、网页追逐者</li>
<li><a href="https://jeff1992.github.io/WebCrawler/static/show.mp4">魔力小视频</a></li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
3/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-4">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>2. 爬虫的起源</h1></header>
<section><ul>
<li>
<p>搜索引擎</p>
<p>所有搜索引擎的祖先，是1990年由Montreal的McGill University学生Alan Emtage、Peter Deutsch、Bill Wheelan发明的Archie(Archie FAQ)。当时World Wide Web还未出现。Archie是第一个自动索引互联网上匿名FTP网站文件的程序，但它还不是真正的搜索引擎。Archie是一个可搜索的FTP文件名列表，用户必须输入精确的文件名搜索，然后Archie会告诉用户哪一个FTP地址可以下载该文件。</p>
<p>类似百度谷歌这样的搜索引擎，其核心逻辑，就是爬虫7*24不停爬取互联网的资源保存在自己的服务器上，通过用户的搜索关键字进行匹配并返回对应的结果。</p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
4/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-5">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>3. 基本工作原理</h1></header>
<section><p><img src="file://D:\Project\WebCrawler\./static/workflow.png" width="600" /></p></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
5/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-6">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>4. 爬虫现状</h1></header>
<section><blockquote>
<p>互联网至少50%的流量都来自于爬虫</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="file://D:\Project\WebCrawler\./static/market.png" width="800" /></p></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
6/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-7">
<div class="inner">
<header><h2>4.1. 行业分布</h2></header>
<section><ul>
<li>出行：火车票、机票、共享单车、酒店</li>
<li>社交：微博 </li>
<li>电商：比价平台、聚合电商、返利平台</li>
<li>O2O：点评、外卖、团购</li>
<li>公共行政：法院文书、知识产权、企业信息、挂号平台</li>
<li>运营商：刷靓号、抢号、代购</li>
<li>自媒体：订阅号、短视频</li>
<li>地图：商户信息</li>
<li>SEO：影响搜索引擎排名</li>
<li>其他：新闻、招聘、问答、百科、物流、分类信息、小说等</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
7/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-8">
<div class="inner">
<header><h2>4.2. 流量分布</h2></header>
<section><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th align="center">公司</th>
<th align="center">域名</th>
<th align="right">流量占比</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td align="center">中国铁路客户服务中心</td>
<td align="center">12306.cn</td>
<td align="right">18.65%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td align="center">微博</td>
<td align="center">weibo.cn</td>
<td align="right">18.05%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td align="center">淘宝</td>
<td align="center">taobao.com</td>
<td align="right">12.16%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td align="center">百度</td>
<td align="center">baidu.com</td>
<td align="right">6.22%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>5</td>
<td align="center">大众点评</td>
<td align="center">dianping.com</td>
<td align="right">6.14%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td align="center">联通</td>
<td align="center">10010.com</td>
<td align="right">4.82%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>7</td>
<td align="center">微信搜索</td>
<td align="center">weixin.sogou.com</td>
<td align="right">2.85%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>8</td>
<td align="center">最高人民法院公告查询</td>
<td align="center">court.gov.cn</td>
<td align="right">2.78%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>9</td>
<td align="center">腾讯</td>
<td align="center">qq.com</td>
<td align="right">2.24%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>10</td>
<td align="center">Google</td>
<td align="center">google.com</td>
<td align="right">2.10%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>11</td>
<td align="center">新浪</td>
<td align="center">sina.com.cn</td>
<td align="right">1.45%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>12</td>
<td align="center">亚洲航空</td>
<td align="center">airasia.com</td>
<td align="right">1.22%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13</td>
<td align="center">智联招聘</td>
<td align="center">zhaopin.com</td>
<td align="right">1.02%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>14</td>
<td align="center">360搜索</td>
<td align="center">360.cn</td>
<td align="right">0.79%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>15</td>
<td align="center">北京市预约挂号统一平台</td>
<td align="center">bjguahao.gov.cn</td>
<td align="right">0.74%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>16</td>
<td align="center">搜狗</td>
<td align="center">sogou.com</td>
<td align="right">0.55%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>17</td>
<td align="center">京东</td>
<td align="center">jd.com</td>
<td align="right">0.58%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>18</td>
<td align="center">搜狐</td>
<td align="center">sohu.com</td>
<td align="right">0.55%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>19</td>
<td align="center">高德地图</td>
<td align="center">amap.com</td>
<td align="right">0.50%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>20</td>
<td align="center">国家知识产权局</td>
<td align="center">sipo.gov.com</td>
<td align="right">0.48%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
8/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-9">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>5. 爬虫分类</h1></header>
<section><p>根据使用场景，网络爬虫可分为 通用爬虫 和 聚焦爬虫 两种.</p></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
9/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-10">
<div class="inner">
<header><h2>5.1. 通用爬虫</h2></header>
<section><h3>工作流程</h3>
<ul>
<li>抓取网页</li>
<li>数据存储</li>
<li>预处理</li>
<li>提供检索服务，网站排名</li>
</ul>
<h3>局限性</h3>
<ul>
<li>通用搜索引擎所返回的结果都是网页，而大多情况下，网页里90%的内容对用户来说都是无用的。</li>
<li>不同领域、不同背景的用户往往具有不同的检索目的和需求，搜索引擎无法提供针对具体某个用户的搜索结果。</li>
<li>万维网数据形式的丰富和网络技术的不断发展，图片、数据库、音频、视频多媒体等不同数据大量出现，通用搜索引擎对这些文件无能为力，不能很好地发现和获取。</li>
<li>通用搜索引擎大多提供基于关键字的检索，难以支持根据语义信息提出的查询，无法准确理解用户的具体需求。</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
10/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-11">
<div class="inner">
<header><h2>5.2. 聚焦爬虫</h2></header>
<section><p>聚焦爬虫，是"面向特定主题需求"的一种网络爬虫程序，它与通用搜索引擎爬虫的区别在于： 聚焦爬虫在实施网页抓取时会对内容进行处理筛选，尽量保证只抓取与需求相关的信息。</p></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
11/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-12">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>6. 爬虫实现方式</h1></header>
<section><p>爬虫的几种实现方式：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>爬虫平台配置式开发</p>
<p>不会写代码？在爬虫平台点点鼠标就能创建一个爬虫任务，适用于基本不懂技术，搞运营的人。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>爬虫平台少量代码开发</p>
<p>懂一些JS脚本，在第三方平台爬虫平台上写少量代码就可以完成爬虫。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>完全自己写代码开发</p>
<p>有Python/C#/Java等一门熟练的语言，可以自己从零写一个爬虫，或者利用开源的爬虫框架。</p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
12/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-13">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>7. 设计几个爬虫试试</h1></header>
<section><h2>7.1. 爬虫平台配置式开发</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="https://www.bazhuayu.com/">八爪鱼</a></p>
<p>示例：爬一下<a href="http://219.135.157.143:2002/gzwz/gdyj/sjwz/Main.faces?menuId=1&amp;navId=1">广东药监局二类医疗的厂家</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>7.2. 爬虫平台少量代码开发</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.shenjian.io/">神箭手云</a></li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
13/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-14">
<div class="inner">
<header><h2>7.3. 直接上代码，本地开发</h2></header>
<section><ul>
<li>
<p>不用任何爬虫框架</p>
<p>示例：用nodejs爬 <a href="https://news.sina.com.cn/china/">国内新闻</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用爬虫框架</p>
<p>Python <a href="https://scrapy.org/">Scrapy</a></p>
<p>DotNet <a href="https://github.com/dotnetcore/DotnetSpider/">DotnetSpider</a></p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
14/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-15">
<div class="inner">
<header><h3>Scrapy 框架</h3></header>
<section><p><img alt="avatar" src="file://D:\Project\WebCrawler\./static/scrapy.png" /></p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>引擎(Scrapy):</p>
<p>用来处理整个系统的数据流, 触发事务(框架核心)</p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
15/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-16">
<div class="inner">
<header><h3>Scrapy 框架</h3></header>
<section><ul>
<li>
<p>调度器(Scheduler)</p>
<p>用来接受引擎发过来的请求, 压入队列中, 并在引擎再次请求的时候返回. 可以想像成一个URL（抓取网页的网址或者说是链接）的优先队列, 由它来决定下一个要抓取的网址是什么, 同时去除重复的网址</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>下载器(Downloader)</p>
<p>用于下载网页内容, 并将网页内容返回给蜘蛛(Scrapy下载器是建立在twisted这个高效的异步模型上的)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>爬虫(Spiders)</p>
<p>爬虫是主要干活的, 用于从特定的网页中提取自己需要的信息, 即所谓的实体(Item)。用户也可以从中提取出链接,让Scrapy继续抓取下一个页面</p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
16/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-17">
<div class="inner">
<header><h3>Scrapy 框架</h3></header>
<section><ul>
<li>
<p>项目管道(Pipeline)</p>
<p>负责处理爬虫从网页中抽取的实体，主要的功能是持久化实体、验证实体的有效性、清除不需要的信息。当页面被爬虫解析后，将被发送到项目管道，并经过几个特定的次序处理数据。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>下载器中间件(Downloader Middlewares)</p>
<p>位于Scrapy引擎和下载器之间的框架，主要是处理Scrapy引擎与下载器之间的请求及响应。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>爬虫中间件(Spider Middlewares)</p>
<p>介于Scrapy引擎和爬虫之间的框架，主要工作是处理蜘蛛的响应输入和请求输出。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>调度中间件(Scheduler Middewares)</p>
<p>介于Scrapy引擎和调度之间的中间件，从Scrapy引擎发送到调度的请求和响应。</p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
17/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-18">
<div class="inner">
<header><h3>DotnetSpider 框架图</h3></header>
<section><p><img alt="avatar" src="file://D:\Project\WebCrawler\./static/netspider.jpg" /></p></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
18/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-19">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>8. 爬虫与反爬虫大战</h1></header>
<section><blockquote>
<p>爬虫是小公司的命脉，反爬虫是大公司的命脉</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>如何反爬虫</h2>
<ul>
<li>君子协定：robots.txt</li>
<li>校验User-Agent（用户所使用的浏览器）</li>
<li>图片验证码</li>
<li>为请求增加签名</li>
<li>IP黑名单</li>
<li>短信验证码</li>
<li>人脸识别</li>
<li>视频读数</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
19/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-20">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>9. 爬虫相关产业链</h1></header>
<section><h2>9.1 代理提供商</h2>
<ul>
<li>海量IP</li>
</ul>
<h2>9.2 VPN提供商</h2>
<h2>9.3 拨号VPS提供商</h2>
<ul>
<li>动态IP，每次拨号都不一样</li>
</ul>
<h2>9.4 验证码打码平台</h2>
<ul>
<li>自动识别</li>
<li>手动打码</li>
</ul>
<h2>9.5 短信接码平台</h2>
<ul>
<li>猫池</li>
<li>卡商</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
20/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-21">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>10. 怎么保护自己的隐私</h1></header>
<section><ul>
<li>复杂的密码</li>
<li>不定期更换密码</li>
<li>不要随意在网上留下自己的隐私信息</li>
<li>上传证件照时加上水印，表明用途</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
21/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>
<!-- slide source: .\README.md -->
<div class="slide-wrapper">
<div class="slide slide-22">
<div class="inner">
<header><h1>最后</h1></header>
<section><h2>感谢本次分享会用到的相关技术/资源</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Landslide</p>
<p>一个可以通过Markdown生成HTML PPT的Python工具，本PPT就是用这个生成的，对于内容型的分享来说是个不错的选择。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Git Pages</p>
<p>没有服务器？不怕，把你的网站上传到github仓库里，创建Git Pages并发布，大家就可以用username.github.io/xxx访问你网站了，需要注意的是，只支持纯前端应用哦。</p>
</li>
</ul></section>
</div>
<div class="presenter_notes">
<header><h1>Presenter Notes</h1></header>
<section>
</section>
</div>
<footer>
<aside class="source">
Source: <a href=".\README.md">.\README.md</a>
</aside>
<aside class="page_number">
22/22
</aside>
</footer>
</div>
</div>