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<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>Kanata Configuration Guide</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Table of Contents</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_how_to_read_the_guide">How to read the guide</a></li>
<li><a href="#_preamble">Preamble</a></li>
<li><a href="#force-exit">Forcefully exit kanata</a></li>
<li><a href="#comments">Comments</a></li>
<li><a href="#required-configuration-entries">Required configuration entries</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#defsrc">defsrc</a></li>
<li><a href="#deflayer">deflayer</a></li>
<li><a href="#review-of-required-configuration-entries">Review of required configuration entries</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#key-names">Key names for defsrc and deflayermap</a></li>
<li><a href="#non-us-keyboards">Non-US keyboards</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_browser_event_code">Browser event.code</a></li>
<li><a href="#deflocalkeys">deflocalkeys</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#introduction-defcfg">Introduction to defcfg</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#process-unmapped-keys">process-unmapped-keys</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_aliases_and_variables">Aliases and variables</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#aliases">Aliases</a></li>
<li><a href="#variables">Variables</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#actions">Actions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#live-reload">Live reload</a></li>
<li><a href="#layer-switch">layer-switch</a></li>
<li><a href="#layer-while-held">layer-while-held</a></li>
<li><a href="#transparent-key">Transparent key</a></li>
<li><a href="#use-defsrc">use-defsrc</a></li>
<li><a href="#no-op">No-op</a></li>
<li><a href="#unicode">Unicode</a></li>
<li><a href="#output-chordscombos">Output chords/combos</a></li>
<li><a href="#repeat-key">Repeat key</a></li>
<li><a href="#release-a-key-or-layer">Release a key or layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#multi">multi</a></li>
<li><a href="#mouse-actions">Mouse actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#tap-dance">tap-dance</a></li>
<li><a href="#one-shot">one-shot</a></li>
<li><a href="#tap-hold">tap-hold</a></li>
<li><a href="#macro">macro</a></li>
<li><a href="#dynamic-macro">dynamic-macro</a></li>
<li><a href="#caps-word">caps-word</a></li>
<li><a href="#_unmod">unmod</a></li>
<li><a href="#fork">fork</a></li>
<li><a href="#switch">switch</a></li>
<li><a href="#cmd">cmd</a></li>
<li><a href="#clipboard-actions">clipboard actions</a></li>
<li><a href="#arbitrary-code">arbitrary-code</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#global-overrides">Global overrides</a></li>
<li><a href="#_include_other_files">Include other files</a></li>
<li><a href="#platform">Platform-specific configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#environment">Environment-conditional configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="#input-chords-v2">Input chords / combos (v2)</a></li>
<li><a href="#optional-defcfg-options">defcfg options</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#danger-enable-cmd">danger-enable-cmd</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequence-timeout">sequence-timeout</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequence-input-mode">sequence-input-mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequence-backtrack-modcancel">sequence-backtrack-modcancel</a></li>
<li><a href="#log-layer-changes">log-layer-changes</a></li>
<li><a href="#delegate-to-first-layer">delegate-to-first-layer</a></li>
<li><a href="#movemouse-inherit-accel-state">movemouse-inherit-accel-state</a></li>
<li><a href="#movemouse-smooth-diagonals">movemouse-smooth-diagonals</a></li>
<li><a href="#dynamic-macro-max-presses">dynamic-macro-max-presses</a></li>
<li><a href="#concurrent-tap-hold">concurrent-tap-hold</a></li>
<li><a href="#block-unmapped-keys">block-unmapped-keys</a></li>
<li><a href="#rapid-event-delay">rapid-event-delay</a></li>
<li><a href="#chords-v2-min-idle">chords-v2-min-idle</a></li>
<li><a href="#override-release-on-activation">override-release-on-activation</a></li>
<li><a href="#allow-hardware-repeat">allow-hardware-repeat</a></li>
<li><a href="#alias-to-trigger-on-load">alias-to-trigger-on-load</a></li>
<li><a href="#mouse-movement-key">Linux or Windows-interception only: mouse-movement-key</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-dev">Linux only: linux-dev</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-dev-names-include">Linux only: linux-dev-names-include</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-dev-names-exclude">Linux only: linux-dev-names-exclude</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-continue-if-no-devs-found">Linux only: linux-continue-if-no-devs-found</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-device-detect-mode">Linux only: linux-device-detect-mode</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-unicode-u-code">Linux only: linux-unicode-u-code</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-unicode-termination">Linux only: linux-unicode-termination</a></li>
<li><a href="#_linux_only_linux_x11_repeat_delay_rate">Linux only: linux-x11-repeat-delay-rate</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-use-trackpoint-property">Linux only: linux-use-trackpoint-property</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-output-device-name">Linux only: linux-output-device-name</a></li>
<li><a href="#linux-only-linux-output-device-bus-type">Linux only: linux-output-device-bus-type</a></li>
<li><a href="#macos-only-macos-dev-names-include">macOS only: macos-dev-names-include</a></li>
<li><a href="#macos-only-macos-dev-names-exclude">macOS only: macos-dev-names-exclude</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-windows-altgr">Windows only: windows-altgr</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_mouse_hwid">Windows only: windows-interception-mouse-hwid</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_mouse_hwids">Windows only: windows-interception-mouse-hwids</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_keyboard_hwids">Windows only: windows-interception-keyboard-hwids</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_keyboard_hwids_exclude">Windows only: windows-interception-keyboard-hwids-exclude</a></li>
<li><a href="#_windows_only_windows_interception_mouse_hwids_exclude">Windows only: windows-interception-mouse-hwids-exclude</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-tray-icon">Windows only: tray-icon</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-icon-match-layer-name">Windows only: icon-match-layer-name</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-tooltip-layer-changes">Windows only: tooltip-layer-changes</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-tooltip-show-blank">Windows only: tooltip-show-blank</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-tooltip-no-base">Windows only: tooltip-no-base</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-tooltip-duration">Windows only: tooltip-duration</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-tooltip-size">Windows only: tooltip-size</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-notify-cfg-reload">Windows only: notify-cfg-reload</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-notify-cfg-reload-silent">Windows only: notify-cfg-reload-silent</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-notify-error">Windows only: notify-error</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-multiple-defcfg-options">Using multiple defcfg options</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_command_line_arguments">Command line arguments</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#args-help">Show help text: <code>-h</code>, <code>--help</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-config-file">Configuration file(s): <code>-c</code>, <code>--cfg</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-tcp">TCP server address: <code>-p</code>, <code>--port</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-quiet">Disable logs other than errors: <code>-q</code>, <code>--quiet</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-debug">Enable debug logs: <code>-d</code>, <code>--debug</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-trace">Enable trace logs: <code>-t</code>, <code>--trace</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-nodelay">Remove startup delay: <code>-n</code>, <code>--nodelay</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-check">Only check configuration: <code>--check</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-log-layer-changes">Force log changes: <code>--log-layer-changes</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-linux-dev-symlink">Linux only - Device symlink path: <code>-s</code>, <code>--symlink-path</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-wait-device">Linux only - Wait before device grab attempt: <code>-w</code>, <code>--wait-device-ms</code></a></li>
<li><a href="#args-macos-list-devices">macOS only - Only list keyboards: <code>-l</code>, <code>--list</code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_advanced_features">Advanced features</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#virtual-keys">Virtual keys</a></li>
<li><a href="#sequences">Sequences</a></li>
<li><a href="#input-chords">Input chords</a></li>
<li><a href="#defaliasenvcond">defaliasenvcond</a></li>
<li><a href="#templates">Templates</a></li>
<li><a href="#custom-tap-hold-behaviour">Custom tap-hold behaviour</a></li>
<li><a href="#fancy-key-symbols">Fancy key symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-work-elevated">Windows only: enable in elevated windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#windows-only-win-tray">Windows only: win-tray</a></li>
<li><a href="#test-your-config">Test your config</a></li>
<li><a href="#zippychord">Zippychord</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes how to create a kanata configuration file.
The kanata configuration file will determine your keyboard behaviour upon running kanata.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_how_to_read_the_guide">How to read the guide</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <strong>Reference</strong> sections are shorter
and are intended for reviewing how precisely to configure different sections.
The <strong>Description</strong> sections are longer
and contain more details such as advice, motivation, and examples.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The configuration guide you are reading
may have content not applicable to the version you are using.
See below for links to specific guide versions.</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="/config-1.10.0.html">v1.10.0</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="/config-1.9.0.html">v1.9.0</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="/config-1.8.1.html">v1.8.1</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="/config-1.8.0.html">v1.8.0</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="/config-1.7.0.html">v1.7.0</a></p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_preamble">Preamble</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The configuration file uses S-expression syntax from Lisps. If you are not
familiar with any Lisp-like programming language, do not be too worried. This
document will hopefully be a sufficient guide to help you customize your
keyboard behaviour to your exact liking.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Useful terminology to learn early:</p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 16.6666%;">
<col style="width: 83.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">string</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">A sequence of characters.
Optionally surrounded by quotes.
Examples: <code>backspace</code>, <code>"string with spaces and 1 number"</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">list</p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">A sequence of strings or nested lists within round brackets.
List items are separated by any amount of whitespace characters,
or by round brackets.
Examples: <code>(lrld-num 1)</code>, <code>(tap-dance 200 (f1(unicode 😀)f2(unicode 🙂)))</code>.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>If you have any questions, confusions, suggestions, etc., feel free to
<a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/discussions/new/choose">start a discussion</a>
or <a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/issues/new/choose">file an issue</a>.
If you have ideas for how to improve this document or any other part of the project,
please be welcome to make a pull request or file an issue.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="force-exit">Forcefully exit kanata</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Though this isn’t configuration-related,
it may be important for you to know that pressing and holding all of the
three following keys together at the same time will cause kanata to exit:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Left Control</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Space</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Escape</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This mechanism works on the key input <strong>before</strong> any remappings done by kanata.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="comments">Comments</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can add comments to your configuration file. Comments are prefixed with two
semicolons. E.g:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>;; This is a comment in a kanata configuration file.
;; Comments will be ignored and are intended for you to help understand your
;; own configuration when reading it later.</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>You can begin a multi-line comment block with <code>#|</code> and end it with <code>|#</code>:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>#|
This is
a multi-line comment block
|#</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="required-configuration-entries">Required configuration entries</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="defsrc">defsrc</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Reference</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Your configuration file must have exactly one <code>defsrc</code> list.
This defines the order of keys that the <code>deflayer</code> entries will operate on.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Syntax:</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>(defsrc $key1 $key2 ... $keyN)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14.2857%;">
<col style="width: 85.7143%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>$key</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The name of a key. This can be a default key name or one defined in <a href="#deflocalkeys">deflocalkeys</a>.
When physically pressing this input key, the action defined
at the same order position on the active layer will activate.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>defsrc</code> configuration entry defines which of your key inputs
will be processed by kanata and how the keys map to defined layers.
Keys excluded from <code>defsrc</code> will not be processed by Kanata
unless you have <code>process-unmapped-keys yes</code> in <a href="#introduction-defcfg">defcfg</a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Keys not processed by Kanata has implications on various actions.
For example:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Pressing an excluded key will type a letter
while a prior <code>tap-hold</code> decision is still pending,
resulting in potentially incorrect results.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Excluded keys do not trigger early activation
in actions such as <code>tap-hold-press</code> or <code>tap-dance</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Excluded keys cannot be read by <code>fork</code> or <code>switch</code> logic.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The <code>defsrc</code> entry is treated as a long sequence.
The amount of whitespace (spaces, tabs, newlines) are not relevant.
You may use spaces, tabs, or newlines however you like
to visually format <code>defsrc</code> to your liking.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The primary source of all key names are the
<code>str_to_oscode</code> and <code>default_mappings</code> functions in
<a href="https://github.com/jtroo/kanata/blob/main/parser/src/keys/mod.rs">the source</a>.
Please feel welcome to file an issue
if you’re unable to find the key you’re looking for.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An example <code>defsrc</code> containing the US QWERTY keyboard keys as an
approximately 60% keyboard layout:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Example:</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>(defsrc
grv 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - = bspc
tab q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \
caps a s d f g h j k l ; ' ret
lsft z x c v b n m , . / rsft
lctl lmet lalt spc ralt rmet rctl
)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Note that some keyboards have a Menu key instead of a right Meta key.
In this case you can use <code>menu</code> instead of <code>rmet</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>For non-US keyboards, see <a href="#non-us-keyboards">the non-US keyboards section</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="deflayer">deflayer</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Reference</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Your configuration file must have at least one <code>deflayer</code> entry. This defines
how each physical key mapped in <code>defsrc</code> behaves when kanata runs.</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Syntax:</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="highlight"><code>(deflayer $layer-name $action1 $action2 ... $actionN)</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 16.6666%;">
<col style="width: 83.3334%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>$layer-name</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">A string representing the layer name.
This name is used to reference this layer in other actions.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>$action</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The action that activates while this layer is active
when the corresponding <code>defsrc</code> input key is pressed.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Description</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A <code>deflayer</code> configuration entry is followed by the layer name then a list of
keys or actions. The usable key names are the same as in defsrc. Actions are
explained further on in this document. The whitespace story is the same as with
<code>defsrc</code>. The order of keys/actions in <code>deflayer</code> corresponds to the
physical key in the same sequence position defined in <code>defsrc</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The first layer defined in your configuration file will be the starting layer
when kanata runs. Other layers can be temporarily activated or switched to
using actions.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>An example <code>defsrc</code> and <code>deflayer</code> that remaps QWERTY to the Dvorak layout
would be:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Example:</div>
<div class="content">