mkvparser.cpp

// Copyright (c) 2012 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
// tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
// in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
// be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.

#include "mkvparser.hpp"
#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <new>
#include <climits>

mkvparser::IMkvReader::~IMkvReader()
{
}

void mkvparser::GetVersion(int& major, int& minor, int& build, int& revision)
{
    major = 1;
    minor = 0;
    build = 0;
    revision = 27;
}

long long mkvparser::ReadUInt(IMkvReader* pReader, long long pos, long& len)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    int status;

//#ifdef _DEBUG
//    long long total, available;
//    status = pReader->Length(&total, &available);
//    assert(status >= 0);
//    assert((total < 0) || (available <= total));
//    assert(pos < available);
//    assert((available - pos) >= 1);  //assume here max u-int len is 8
//#endif

    len = 1;

    unsigned char b;

    status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &b);

    if (status < 0)  //error or underflow
        return status;

    if (status > 0)  //interpreted as "underflow"
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    if (b == 0)  //we can't handle u-int values larger than 8 bytes
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    unsigned char m = 0x80;

    while (!(b & m))
    {
        m >>= 1;
        ++len;
    }

//#ifdef _DEBUG
//    assert((available - pos) >= len);
//#endif

    long long result = b & (~m);
    ++pos;

    for (int i = 1; i < len; ++i)
    {
        status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &b);

        if (status < 0)
        {
            len = 1;
            return status;
        }

        if (status > 0)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result <<= 8;
        result |= b;

        ++pos;
    }

    return result;
}

long long mkvparser::GetUIntLength(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long& len)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    long long total, available;

    int status = pReader->Length(&total, &available);
    assert(status >= 0);
    assert((total < 0) || (available <= total));

    len = 1;

    if (pos >= available)
        return pos;  //too few bytes available

    unsigned char b;

    status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &b);

    if (status < 0)
        return status;

    assert(status == 0);

    if (b == 0)  //we can't handle u-int values larger than 8 bytes
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    unsigned char m = 0x80;

    while (!(b & m))
    {
        m >>= 1;
        ++len;
    }

    return 0;  //success
}


long long mkvparser::UnserializeUInt(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    if ((size <= 0) || (size > 8))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    long long result = 0;

    for (long long i = 0; i < size; ++i)
    {
        unsigned char b;

        const long status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &b);

        if (status < 0)
            return status;

        result <<= 8;
        result |= b;

        ++pos;
    }

    return result;
}


long mkvparser::UnserializeFloat(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size_,
    double& result)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    if ((size_ != 4) && (size_ != 8))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    const long size = static_cast<long>(size_);

    unsigned char buf[8];

    const int status = pReader->Read(pos, size, buf);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    if (size == 4)
    {
        union
        {
            float f;
            unsigned long ff;
        };

        ff = 0;

        for (int i = 0;;)
        {
            ff |= buf[i];

            if (++i >= 4)
                break;

            ff <<= 8;
        }

        result = f;
    }
    else
    {
        assert(size == 8);

        union
        {
            double d;
            unsigned long long dd;
        };

        dd = 0;

        for (int i = 0;;)
        {
            dd |= buf[i];

            if (++i >= 8)
                break;

            dd <<= 8;
        }

        result = d;
    }

    return 0;
}


long mkvparser::UnserializeInt(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long size,
    long long& result)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);
    assert(size > 0);
    assert(size <= 8);

    {
        signed char b;

        const long status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, (unsigned char*)&b);

        if (status < 0)
            return status;

        result = b;

        ++pos;
    }

    for (long i = 1; i < size; ++i)
    {
        unsigned char b;

        const long status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &b);

        if (status < 0)
            return status;

        result <<= 8;
        result |= b;

        ++pos;
    }

    return 0;  //success
}


long mkvparser::UnserializeString(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size_,
    char*& str)
{
    delete[] str;
    str = NULL;

    if (size_ >= LONG_MAX)  //we need (size+1) chars
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    const long size = static_cast<long>(size_);

    str = new (std::nothrow) char[size+1];

    if (str == NULL)
        return -1;

    unsigned char* const buf = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(str);

    const long status = pReader->Read(pos, size, buf);

    if (status)
    {
        delete[] str;
        str = NULL;

        return status;
    }

    str[size] = '\0';

    return 0;  //success
}


long mkvparser::ParseElementHeader(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long& pos,
    long long stop,
    long long& id,
    long long& size)
{
    if ((stop >= 0) && (pos >= stop))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    long len;

    id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (id < 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    pos += len;  //consume id

    if ((stop >= 0) && (pos >= stop))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (size < 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    pos += len;  //consume length of size

    //pos now designates payload

    if ((stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > stop))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    return 0;  //success
}


bool mkvparser::Match(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long& pos,
    unsigned long id_,
    long long& val)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    long long total, available;

    const long status = pReader->Length(&total, &available);
    assert(status >= 0);
    assert((total < 0) || (available <= total));
    if (status < 0)
        return false;

    long len;

    const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
    assert(id >= 0);
    assert(len > 0);
    assert(len <= 8);
    assert((pos + len) <= available);

    if ((unsigned long)id != id_)
        return false;

    pos += len;  //consume id

    const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
    assert(size >= 0);
    assert(size <= 8);
    assert(len > 0);
    assert(len <= 8);
    assert((pos + len) <= available);

    pos += len;  //consume length of size of payload

    val = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
    assert(val >= 0);

    pos += size;  //consume size of payload

    return true;
}

bool mkvparser::Match(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long& pos,
    unsigned long id_,
    unsigned char*& buf,
    size_t& buflen)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    long long total, available;

    long status = pReader->Length(&total, &available);
    assert(status >= 0);
    assert((total < 0) || (available <= total));
    if (status < 0)
        return false;

    long len;
    const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
    assert(id >= 0);
    assert(len > 0);
    assert(len <= 8);
    assert((pos + len) <= available);

    if ((unsigned long)id != id_)
        return false;

    pos += len;  //consume id

    const long long size_ = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
    assert(size_ >= 0);
    assert(len > 0);
    assert(len <= 8);
    assert((pos + len) <= available);

    pos += len;  //consume length of size of payload
    assert((pos + size_) <= available);

    const long buflen_ = static_cast<long>(size_);

    buf = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[buflen_];
    assert(buf);  //TODO

    status = pReader->Read(pos, buflen_, buf);
    assert(status == 0);  //TODO

    buflen = buflen_;

    pos += size_;  //consume size of payload
    return true;
}


namespace mkvparser
{

EBMLHeader::EBMLHeader() :
    m_docType(NULL)
{
    Init();
}

EBMLHeader::~EBMLHeader()
{
    delete[] m_docType;
}

void EBMLHeader::Init()
{
    m_version = 1;
    m_readVersion = 1;
    m_maxIdLength = 4;
    m_maxSizeLength = 8;

    if (m_docType)
    {
        delete[] m_docType;
        m_docType = NULL;
    }

    m_docTypeVersion = 1;
    m_docTypeReadVersion = 1;
}

long long EBMLHeader::Parse(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long& pos)
{
    assert(pReader);

    long long total, available;

    long status = pReader->Length(&total, &available);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    pos = 0;
    long long end = (available >= 1024) ? 1024 : available;

    for (;;)
    {
        unsigned char b = 0;

        while (pos < end)
        {
            status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &b);

            if (status < 0)  //error
                return status;

            if (b == 0x1A)
                break;

            ++pos;
        }

        if (b != 0x1A)
        {
            if (pos >= 1024)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //don't bother looking anymore

            if ((total >= 0) && ((total - available) < 5))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            return available + 5;  //5 = 4-byte ID + 1st byte of size
        }

        if ((total >= 0) && ((total - pos) < 5))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((available - pos) < 5)
            return pos + 5;  //try again later

        long len;

        const long long result = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return result;

        if (result == 0x0A45DFA3)  //EBML Header ID
        {
            pos += len;  //consume ID
            break;
        }

        ++pos;  //throw away just the 0x1A byte, and try again
    }

    //pos designates start of size field

    //get length of size field

    long len;
    long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

    if (result < 0)  //error
        return result;

    if (result > 0)  //need more data
        return result;

    assert(len > 0);
    assert(len <= 8);

    if ((total >= 0) && ((total -  pos) < len))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((available - pos) < len)
        return pos + len;  //try again later

    //get the EBML header size

    result = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (result < 0)  //error
        return result;

    pos += len;  //consume size field

    //pos now designates start of payload

    if ((total >= 0) && ((total - pos) < result))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((available - pos) < result)
        return pos + result;

    end = pos + result;

    Init();

    while (pos < end)
    {
        long long id, size;

        status = ParseElementHeader(
                    pReader,
                    pos,
                    end,
                    id,
                    size);

        if (status < 0) //error
            return status;

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (id == 0x0286)  //version
        {
            m_version = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_version <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x02F7)  //read version
        {
            m_readVersion = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_readVersion <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x02F2)  //max id length
        {
            m_maxIdLength = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_maxIdLength <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x02F3)  //max size length
        {
            m_maxSizeLength = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_maxSizeLength <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0282)  //doctype
        {
            if (m_docType)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            status = UnserializeString(pReader, pos, size, m_docType);

            if (status)  //error
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0287)  //doctype version
        {
            m_docTypeVersion = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_docTypeVersion <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0285)  //doctype read version
        {
            m_docTypeReadVersion = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_docTypeReadVersion <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }

        pos += size;
    }

    assert(pos == end);
    return 0;
}


Segment::Segment(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long elem_start,
    //long long elem_size,
    long long start,
    long long size) :
    m_pReader(pReader),
    m_element_start(elem_start),
    //m_element_size(elem_size),
    m_start(start),
    m_size(size),
    m_pos(start),
    m_pUnknownSize(0),
    m_pSeekHead(NULL),
    m_pInfo(NULL),
    m_pTracks(NULL),
    m_pCues(NULL),
    m_pChapters(NULL),
    m_clusters(NULL),
    m_clusterCount(0),
    m_clusterPreloadCount(0),
    m_clusterSize(0)
{
}


Segment::~Segment()
{
    const long count = m_clusterCount + m_clusterPreloadCount;

    Cluster** i = m_clusters;
    Cluster** j = m_clusters + count;

    while (i != j)
    {
        Cluster* const p = *i++;
        assert(p);

        delete p;
    }

    delete[] m_clusters;

    delete m_pTracks;
    delete m_pInfo;
    delete m_pCues;
    delete m_pChapters;
    delete m_pSeekHead;
}


long long Segment::CreateInstance(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    Segment*& pSegment)
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(pos >= 0);

    pSegment = NULL;

    long long total, available;

    const long status = pReader->Length(&total, &available);

    if (status < 0) //error
        return status;

    if (available < 0)
        return -1;

    if ((total >= 0) && (available > total))
        return -1;

    //I would assume that in practice this loop would execute
    //exactly once, but we allow for other elements (e.g. Void)
    //to immediately follow the EBML header.  This is fine for
    //the source filter case (since the entire file is available),
    //but in the splitter case over a network we should probably
    //just give up early.  We could for example decide only to
    //execute this loop a maximum of, say, 10 times.
    //TODO:
    //There is an implied "give up early" by only parsing up
    //to the available limit.  We do do that, but only if the
    //total file size is unknown.  We could decide to always
    //use what's available as our limit (irrespective of whether
    //we happen to know the total file length).  This would have
    //as its sense "parse this much of the file before giving up",
    //which a slightly different sense from "try to parse up to
    //10 EMBL elements before giving up".

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //Read ID
        long len;
        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result)  //error, or too few available bytes
            return result;

        if ((total >= 0) && ((pos + len) > total))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > available)
            return pos + len;

        const long long idpos = pos;
        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id < 0)  //error
            return id;

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        //Read Size

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result)  //error, or too few available bytes
            return result;

        if ((total >= 0) && ((pos + len) > total))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > available)
            return pos + len;

        long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return size;

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element

        //Pos now points to start of payload

        //Handle "unknown size" for live streaming of webm files.
        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (id == 0x08538067)  //Segment ID
        {
            if (size == unknown_size)
                size = -1;

            else if (total < 0)
                size = -1;

            else if ((pos + size) > total)
                size = -1;

            pSegment = new (std::nothrow) Segment(
                                            pReader,
                                            idpos,
                                            //elem_size
                                            pos,
                                            size);

            if (pSegment == 0)
                return -1;  //generic error

            return 0;    //success
        }

        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((total >= 0) && ((pos + size) > total))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + size) > available)
            return pos + size;

        pos += size;  //consume payload
    }
}


long long Segment::ParseHeaders()
{
    //Outermost (level 0) segment object has been constructed,
    //and pos designates start of payload.  We need to find the
    //inner (level 1) elements.
    long long total, available;

    const int status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &available);

    if (status < 0) //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (available <= total));

    const long long segment_stop = (m_size < 0) ? -1 : m_start + m_size;
    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (total < 0) || (segment_stop <= total));
    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (m_pos <= segment_stop));

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((total >= 0) && (m_pos >= total))
            break;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (m_pos >= segment_stop))
            break;

        long long pos = m_pos;
        const long long element_start = pos;

        if ((pos + 1) > available)
            return (pos + 1);

        long len;
        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return result;

        if (result > 0)  //underflow (weird)
            return (pos + 1);

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > available)
            return pos + len;

        const long long idpos = pos;
        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);

        if (id < 0)  //error
            return id;

        if (id == 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
            break;

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        if ((pos + 1) > available)
            return (pos + 1);

        //Read Size
        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return result;

        if (result > 0)  //underflow (weird)
            return (pos + 1);

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > available)
            return pos + len;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return size;

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element

        const long long element_size = size + pos - element_start;

        //Pos now points to start of payload

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //We read EBML elements either in total or nothing at all.

        if ((pos + size) > available)
            return pos + size;

        if (id == 0x0549A966)  //Segment Info ID
        {
            if (m_pInfo)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            m_pInfo = new (std::nothrow) SegmentInfo(
                                          this,
                                          pos,
                                          size,
                                          element_start,
                                          element_size);

            if (m_pInfo == NULL)
                return -1;

            const long status = m_pInfo->Parse();

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0654AE6B)  //Tracks ID
        {
            if (m_pTracks)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            m_pTracks = new (std::nothrow) Tracks(this,
                                                  pos,
                                                  size,
                                                  element_start,
                                                  element_size);

            if (m_pTracks == NULL)
                return -1;

            const long status = m_pTracks->Parse();

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
        {
            if (m_pCues == NULL)
            {
                m_pCues = new (std::nothrow) Cues(
                                                this,
                                                pos,
                                                size,
                                                element_start,
                                                element_size);

                if (m_pCues == NULL)
                    return -1;
            }
        }
        else if (id == 0x014D9B74)  //SeekHead ID
        {
            if (m_pSeekHead == NULL)
            {
                m_pSeekHead = new (std::nothrow) SeekHead(
                                                    this,
                                                    pos,
                                                    size,
                                                    element_start,
                                                    element_size);

                if (m_pSeekHead == NULL)
                    return -1;

                const long status = m_pSeekHead->Parse();

                if (status)
                    return status;
            }
        }
        else if (id == 0x0043A770)  //Chapters ID
        {
            if (m_pChapters == NULL)
            {
                m_pChapters = new (std::nothrow) Chapters(
                                this,
                                pos,
                                size,
                                element_start,
                                element_size);

                if (m_pChapters == NULL)
                  return -1;

                const long status = m_pChapters->Parse();

                if (status)
                  return status;
            }
        }

        m_pos = pos + size;  //consume payload
    }

    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (m_pos <= segment_stop));

    if (m_pInfo == NULL)  //TODO: liberalize this behavior
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (m_pTracks == NULL)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    return 0;  //success
}


long Segment::LoadCluster(
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    for (;;)
    {
        const long result = DoLoadCluster(pos, len);

        if (result <= 1)
            return result;
    }
}


long Segment::DoLoadCluster(
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    if (m_pos < 0)
        return DoLoadClusterUnknownSize(pos, len);

    long long total, avail;

    long status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    const long long segment_stop = (m_size < 0) ? -1 : m_start + m_size;

    long long cluster_off = -1;   //offset relative to start of segment
    long long cluster_size = -1;  //size of cluster payload

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((total >= 0) && (m_pos >= total))
            return 1;  //no more clusters

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (m_pos >= segment_stop))
            return 1;  //no more clusters

        pos = m_pos;

        //Read ID

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long idpos = pos;
        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);

        if (id < 0)  //error (or underflow)
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        //Read Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element

        //pos now points to start of payload

        if (size == 0)  //weird
        {
            m_pos = pos;
            continue;
        }

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

#if 0  //we must handle this to support live webm
        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: allow this
#endif

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) &&
            (size != unknown_size) &&
            ((pos + size) > segment_stop))
        {
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }

#if 0  //commented-out, to support incremental cluster parsing
        len = static_cast<long>(size);

        if ((pos + size) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
#endif

        if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
        {
            if (size == unknown_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: liberalize

            if (m_pCues == NULL)
            {
                const long long element_size = (pos - idpos) + size;

                m_pCues = new Cues(this,
                                   pos,
                                   size,
                                   idpos,
                                   element_size);
                assert(m_pCues);  //TODO
            }

            m_pos = pos + size;  //consume payload
            continue;
        }

        if (id != 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
        {
            if (size == unknown_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: liberalize

            m_pos = pos + size;  //consume payload
            continue;
        }

        //We have a cluster.

        cluster_off = idpos - m_start;  //relative pos

        if (size != unknown_size)
            cluster_size = size;

        break;
    }

    assert(cluster_off >= 0);  //have cluster

    long long pos_;
    long len_;

    status = Cluster::HasBlockEntries(this, cluster_off, pos_, len_);

    if (status < 0) //error, or underflow
    {
        pos = pos_;
        len = len_;

        return status;
    }

    //status == 0 means "no block entries found"
    //status > 0 means "found at least one block entry"

    //TODO:
    //The issue here is that the segment increments its own
    //pos ptr past the most recent cluster parsed, and then
    //starts from there to parse the next cluster.  If we
    //don't know the size of the current cluster, then we
    //must either parse its payload (as we do below), looking
    //for the cluster (or cues) ID to terminate the parse.
    //This isn't really what we want: rather, we really need
    //a way to create the curr cluster object immediately.
    //The pity is that cluster::parse can determine its own
    //boundary, and we largely duplicate that same logic here.
    //
    //Maybe we need to get rid of our look-ahead preloading
    //in source::parse???
    //
    //As we're parsing the blocks in the curr cluster
    //(in cluster::parse), we should have some way to signal
    //to the segment that we have determined the boundary,
    //so it can adjust its own segment::m_pos member.
    //
    //The problem is that we're asserting in asyncreadinit,
    //because we adjust the pos down to the curr seek pos,
    //and the resulting adjusted len is > 2GB.  I'm suspicious
    //that this is even correct, but even if it is, we can't
    //be loading that much data in the cache anyway.

    const long idx = m_clusterCount;

    if (m_clusterPreloadCount > 0)
    {
        assert(idx < m_clusterSize);

        Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[idx];
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->m_index < 0);

        const long long off = pCluster->GetPosition();
        assert(off >= 0);

        if (off == cluster_off)  //preloaded already
        {
            if (status == 0)  //no entries found
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if (cluster_size >= 0)
                pos += cluster_size;
            else
            {
                const long long element_size = pCluster->GetElementSize();

                if (element_size <= 0)
                    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: handle this case

                pos = pCluster->m_element_start + element_size;
            }

            pCluster->m_index = idx;  //move from preloaded to loaded
            ++m_clusterCount;
            --m_clusterPreloadCount;

            m_pos = pos;  //consume payload
            assert((segment_stop < 0) || (m_pos <= segment_stop));

            return 0;  //success
        }
    }

    if (status == 0)  //no entries found
    {
        if (cluster_size < 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: handle this

        pos += cluster_size;

        if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
        {
            m_pos = total;
            return 1;  //no more clusters
        }

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (pos >= segment_stop))
        {
            m_pos = segment_stop;
            return 1;  //no more clusters
        }

        m_pos = pos;
        return 2;  //try again
    }

    //status > 0 means we have an entry

    Cluster* const pCluster = Cluster::Create(this,
                                              idx,
                                              cluster_off);
                                              //element_size);
    assert(pCluster);

    AppendCluster(pCluster);
    assert(m_clusters);
    assert(idx < m_clusterSize);
    assert(m_clusters[idx] == pCluster);

    if (cluster_size >= 0)
    {
        pos += cluster_size;

        m_pos = pos;
        assert((segment_stop < 0) || (m_pos <= segment_stop));

        return 0;
    }

    m_pUnknownSize = pCluster;
    m_pos = -pos;

    return 0;  //partial success, since we have a new cluster

    //status == 0 means "no block entries found"

    //pos designates start of payload
    //m_pos has NOT been adjusted yet (in case we need to come back here)

#if 0

    if (cluster_size < 0)  //unknown size
    {
        const long long payload_pos = pos;  //absolute pos of cluster payload

        for (;;)  //determine cluster size
        {
            if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
                break;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (pos >= segment_stop))
                break;  //no more clusters

            //Read ID

            if ((pos + 1) > avail)
            {
                len = 1;
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
            }

            long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

            if (result < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(result);

            if (result > 0)  //weird
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if ((pos + len) > avail)
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            const long long idpos = pos;
            const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);

            if (id < 0)  //error (or underflow)
                return static_cast<long>(id);

            //This is the distinguished set of ID's we use to determine
            //that we have exhausted the sub-element's inside the cluster
            //whose ID we parsed earlier.

            if (id == 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
                break;

            if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
                break;

            switch (id)
            {
                case 0x20:  //BlockGroup
                case 0x23:  //Simple Block
                case 0x67:  //TimeCode
                case 0x2B:  //PrevSize
                    break;

                default:
                    assert(false);
                    break;
            }

            pos += len;  //consume ID (of sub-element)

            //Read Size

            if ((pos + 1) > avail)
            {
                len = 1;
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
            }

            result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

            if (result < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(result);

            if (result > 0)  //weird
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if ((pos + len) > avail)
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

            if (size < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(size);

            pos += len;  //consume size field of element

            //pos now points to start of sub-element's payload

            if (size == 0)  //weird
                continue;

            const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

            if (size == unknown_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //not allowed for sub-elements

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > segment_stop))  //weird
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            pos += size;  //consume payload of sub-element
            assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));
        }  //determine cluster size

        cluster_size = pos - payload_pos;
        assert(cluster_size >= 0);

        pos = payload_pos;  //reset and re-parse original cluster
    }

    if (m_clusterPreloadCount > 0)
    {
        assert(idx < m_clusterSize);

        Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[idx];
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->m_index < 0);

        const long long off = pCluster->GetPosition();
        assert(off >= 0);

        if (off == cluster_off)  //preloaded already
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //subtle
    }

    m_pos = pos + cluster_size;  //consume payload
    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (m_pos <= segment_stop));

    return 2;     //try to find another cluster

#endif

}


long Segment::DoLoadClusterUnknownSize(
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    assert(m_pos < 0);
    assert(m_pUnknownSize);

#if 0
    assert(m_pUnknownSize->GetElementSize() < 0);  //TODO: verify this

    const long long element_start = m_pUnknownSize->m_element_start;

    pos = -m_pos;
    assert(pos > element_start);

    //We have already consumed the (cluster) ID and size fields.
    //We just need to consume the blocks and other sub-elements
    //of this cluster, until we discover the boundary.

    long long total, avail;

    long status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    const long long segment_stop = (m_size < 0) ? -1 : m_start + m_size;

    long long element_size = -1;

    for (;;)  //determine cluster size
    {
        if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
        {
            element_size = total - element_start;
            assert(element_size > 0);

            break;
        }

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (pos >= segment_stop))
        {
            element_size = segment_stop - element_start;
            assert(element_size > 0);

            break;
        }

        //Read ID

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long idpos = pos;
        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);

        if (id < 0)  //error (or underflow)
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        //This is the distinguished set of ID's we use to determine
        //that we have exhausted the sub-element's inside the cluster
        //whose ID we parsed earlier.

        if ((id == 0x0F43B675) || (id == 0x0C53BB6B)) //Cluster ID or Cues ID
        {
            element_size = pos - element_start;
            assert(element_size > 0);

            break;
        }

#ifdef _DEBUG
        switch (id)
        {
            case 0x20:  //BlockGroup
            case 0x23:  //Simple Block
            case 0x67:  //TimeCode
            case 0x2B:  //PrevSize
                break;

            default:
                assert(false);
                break;
        }
#endif

        pos += len;  //consume ID (of sub-element)

        //Read Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        pos += len;  //consume size field of element

        //pos now points to start of sub-element's payload

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //not allowed for sub-elements

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > segment_stop))  //weird
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        pos += size;  //consume payload of sub-element
        assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));
    }  //determine cluster size

    assert(element_size >= 0);

    m_pos = element_start + element_size;
    m_pUnknownSize = 0;

    return 2;  //continue parsing
#else
    const long status = m_pUnknownSize->Parse(pos, len);

    if (status < 0)  //error or underflow
        return status;

    if (status == 0)  //parsed a block
        return 2;     //continue parsing

    assert(status > 0);   //nothing left to parse of this cluster

    const long long start = m_pUnknownSize->m_element_start;

    const long long size = m_pUnknownSize->GetElementSize();
    assert(size >= 0);

    pos = start + size;
    m_pos = pos;

    m_pUnknownSize = 0;

    return 2;  //continue parsing
#endif
}


void Segment::AppendCluster(Cluster* pCluster)
{
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->m_index >= 0);

    const long count = m_clusterCount + m_clusterPreloadCount;

    long& size = m_clusterSize;
    assert(size >= count);

    const long idx = pCluster->m_index;
    assert(idx == m_clusterCount);

    if (count >= size)
    {
        const long n = (size <= 0) ? 2048 : 2*size;

        Cluster** const qq = new Cluster*[n];
        Cluster** q = qq;

        Cluster** p = m_clusters;
        Cluster** const pp = p + count;

        while (p != pp)
            *q++ = *p++;

        delete[] m_clusters;

        m_clusters = qq;
        size = n;
    }

    if (m_clusterPreloadCount > 0)
    {
        assert(m_clusters);

        Cluster** const p = m_clusters + m_clusterCount;
        assert(*p);
        assert((*p)->m_index < 0);

        Cluster** q = p + m_clusterPreloadCount;
        assert(q < (m_clusters + size));

        for (;;)
        {
            Cluster** const qq = q - 1;
            assert((*qq)->m_index < 0);

            *q = *qq;
            q = qq;

            if (q == p)
                break;
        }
    }

    m_clusters[idx] = pCluster;
    ++m_clusterCount;
}


void Segment::PreloadCluster(Cluster* pCluster, ptrdiff_t idx)
{
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->m_index < 0);
    assert(idx >= m_clusterCount);

    const long count = m_clusterCount + m_clusterPreloadCount;

    long& size = m_clusterSize;
    assert(size >= count);

    if (count >= size)
    {
        const long n = (size <= 0) ? 2048 : 2*size;

        Cluster** const qq = new Cluster*[n];
        Cluster** q = qq;

        Cluster** p = m_clusters;
        Cluster** const pp = p + count;

        while (p != pp)
            *q++ = *p++;

        delete[] m_clusters;

        m_clusters = qq;
        size = n;
    }

    assert(m_clusters);

    Cluster** const p = m_clusters + idx;

    Cluster** q = m_clusters + count;
    assert(q >= p);
    assert(q < (m_clusters + size));

    while (q > p)
    {
        Cluster** const qq = q - 1;
        assert((*qq)->m_index < 0);

        *q = *qq;
        q = qq;
    }

    m_clusters[idx] = pCluster;
    ++m_clusterPreloadCount;
}


long Segment::Load()
{
    assert(m_clusters == NULL);
    assert(m_clusterSize == 0);
    assert(m_clusterCount == 0);
    //assert(m_size >= 0);

    //Outermost (level 0) segment object has been constructed,
    //and pos designates start of payload.  We need to find the
    //inner (level 1) elements.

    const long long header_status = ParseHeaders();

    if (header_status < 0)  //error
        return static_cast<long>(header_status);

    if (header_status > 0)  //underflow
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    assert(m_pInfo);
    assert(m_pTracks);

    for (;;)
    {
        const int status = LoadCluster();

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (status >= 1)  //no more clusters
            return 0;
    }
}


SeekHead::SeekHead(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long start,
    long long size_,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_start(start),
    m_size(size_),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_element_size(element_size),
    m_entries(0),
    m_entry_count(0),
    m_void_elements(0),
    m_void_element_count(0)
{
}


SeekHead::~SeekHead()
{
    delete[] m_entries;
    delete[] m_void_elements;
}


long SeekHead::Parse()
{
    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long pos = m_start;
    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    //first count the seek head entries

    int entry_count = 0;
    int void_element_count = 0;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (id == 0x0DBB)  //SeekEntry ID
            ++entry_count;
        else if (id == 0x6C)  //Void ID
            ++void_element_count;

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    m_entries = new (std::nothrow) Entry[entry_count];

    if (m_entries == NULL)
        return -1;

    m_void_elements = new (std::nothrow) VoidElement[void_element_count];

    if (m_void_elements == NULL)
        return -1;

    //now parse the entries and void elements

    Entry* pEntry = m_entries;
    VoidElement* pVoidElement = m_void_elements;

    pos = m_start;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        const long long idpos = pos;

        long long id, size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (id == 0x0DBB)  //SeekEntry ID
        {
            if (ParseEntry(pReader, pos, size, pEntry))
            {
                Entry& e = *pEntry++;

                e.element_start = idpos;
                e.element_size = (pos + size) - idpos;
            }
        }
        else if (id == 0x6C)  //Void ID
        {
            VoidElement& e = *pVoidElement++;

            e.element_start = idpos;
            e.element_size = (pos + size) - idpos;
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    ptrdiff_t count_ = ptrdiff_t(pEntry - m_entries);
    assert(count_ >= 0);
    assert(count_ <= entry_count);

    m_entry_count = static_cast<int>(count_);

    count_ = ptrdiff_t(pVoidElement - m_void_elements);
    assert(count_ >= 0);
    assert(count_ <= void_element_count);

    m_void_element_count = static_cast<int>(count_);

    return 0;
}


int SeekHead::GetCount() const
{
    return m_entry_count;
}

const SeekHead::Entry* SeekHead::GetEntry(int idx) const
{
    if (idx < 0)
        return 0;

    if (idx >= m_entry_count)
        return 0;

    return m_entries + idx;
}

int SeekHead::GetVoidElementCount() const
{
    return m_void_element_count;
}

const SeekHead::VoidElement* SeekHead::GetVoidElement(int idx) const
{
    if (idx < 0)
        return 0;

    if (idx >= m_void_element_count)
        return 0;

    return m_void_elements + idx;
}


#if 0
void Segment::ParseCues(long long off)
{
    if (m_pCues)
        return;

    //odbgstream os;
    //os << "Segment::ParseCues (begin)" << endl;

    long long pos = m_start + off;
    const long long element_start = pos;
    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    long len;

    long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);
    assert(result == 0);
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    const long long idpos = pos;

    const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);
    assert(id == 0x0C53BB6B);  //Cues ID

    pos += len;  //consume ID
    assert(pos < stop);

    //Read Size

    result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);
    assert(result == 0);
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
    assert(size >= 0);

    pos += len;  //consume length of size of element
    assert((pos + size) <= stop);

    const long long element_size = size + pos - element_start;

    //Pos now points to start of payload

    m_pCues = new Cues(this, pos, size, element_start, element_size);
    assert(m_pCues);  //TODO

    //os << "Segment::ParseCues (end)" << endl;
}
#else
long Segment::ParseCues(
    long long off,
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    if (m_pCues)
        return 0;  //success

    if (off < 0)
        return -1;

    long long total, avail;

    const int status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    pos = m_start + off;

    if ((total < 0) || (pos >= total))
        return 1;  //don't bother parsing cues

    const long long element_start = pos;
    const long long segment_stop = (m_size < 0) ? -1 : m_start + m_size;

    if ((pos + 1) > avail)
    {
        len = 1;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

    if (result < 0)  //error
        return static_cast<long>(result);

    if (result > 0) //underflow (weird)
    {
        len = 1;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((pos + len) > avail)
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    const long long idpos = pos;

    const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);

    if (id != 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    pos += len;  //consume ID
    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));

    //Read Size

    if ((pos + 1) > avail)
    {
        len = 1;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

    if (result < 0)  //error
        return static_cast<long>(result);

    if (result > 0) //underflow (weird)
    {
        len = 1;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((pos + len) > avail)
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

    if (size < 0)  //error
        return static_cast<long>(size);

    if (size == 0)  //weird, although technically not illegal
        return 1;   //done

    pos += len;  //consume length of size of element
    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));

    //Pos now points to start of payload

    const long long element_stop = pos + size;

    if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (element_stop > segment_stop))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((total >= 0) && (element_stop > total))
        return 1;  //don't bother parsing anymore

    len = static_cast<long>(size);

    if (element_stop > avail)
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    const long long element_size = element_stop - element_start;

    m_pCues = new (std::nothrow) Cues(
                                    this,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    element_start,
                                    element_size);
    assert(m_pCues);  //TODO

    return 0;  //success
}
#endif


#if 0
void Segment::ParseSeekEntry(
    long long start,
    long long size_)
{
    long long pos = start;

    const long long stop = start + size_;

    long len;

    const long long seekIdId = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
    //seekIdId;
    assert(seekIdId == 0x13AB);  //SeekID ID
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    pos += len;  //consume id

    const long long seekIdSize = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
    assert(seekIdSize >= 0);
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    pos += len;  //consume size

    const long long seekId = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);  //payload
    assert(seekId >= 0);
    assert(len == seekIdSize);
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    pos += seekIdSize;  //consume payload

    const long long seekPosId = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
    //seekPosId;
    assert(seekPosId == 0x13AC);  //SeekPos ID
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    pos += len;  //consume id

    const long long seekPosSize = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
    assert(seekPosSize >= 0);
    assert((pos + len) <= stop);

    pos += len;  //consume size
    assert((pos + seekPosSize) <= stop);

    const long long seekOff = UnserializeUInt(m_pReader, pos, seekPosSize);
    assert(seekOff >= 0);
    assert(seekOff < m_size);

    pos += seekPosSize;  //consume payload
    assert(pos == stop);

    const long long seekPos = m_start + seekOff;
    assert(seekPos < (m_start + m_size));

    if (seekId == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
        ParseCues(seekOff);
}
#else
bool SeekHead::ParseEntry(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long start,
    long long size_,
    Entry* pEntry)
{
    if (size_ <= 0)
        return false;

    long long pos = start;
    const long long stop = start + size_;

    long len;

    //parse the container for the level-1 element ID

    const long long seekIdId = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
    //seekIdId;

    if (seekIdId != 0x13AB)  //SeekID ID
        return false;

    if ((pos + len) > stop)
        return false;

    pos += len;  //consume SeekID id

    const long long seekIdSize = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (seekIdSize <= 0)
        return false;

    if ((pos + len) > stop)
        return false;

    pos += len;  //consume size of field

    if ((pos + seekIdSize) > stop)
        return false;

    //Note that the SeekId payload really is serialized
    //as a "Matroska integer", not as a plain binary value.
    //In fact, Matroska requires that ID values in the
    //stream exactly match the binary representation as listed
    //in the Matroska specification.
    //
    //This parser is more liberal, and permits IDs to have
    //any width.  (This could make the representation in the stream
    //different from what's in the spec, but it doesn't matter here,
    //since we always normalize "Matroska integer" values.)

    pEntry->id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);  //payload

    if (pEntry->id <= 0)
        return false;

    if (len != seekIdSize)
        return false;

    pos += seekIdSize;  //consume SeekID payload

    const long long seekPosId = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (seekPosId != 0x13AC)  //SeekPos ID
        return false;

    if ((pos + len) > stop)
        return false;

    pos += len;  //consume id

    const long long seekPosSize = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (seekPosSize <= 0)
        return false;

    if ((pos + len) > stop)
        return false;

    pos += len;  //consume size

    if ((pos + seekPosSize) > stop)
        return false;

    pEntry->pos = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, seekPosSize);

    if (pEntry->pos < 0)
        return false;

    pos += seekPosSize;  //consume payload

    if (pos != stop)
        return false;

    return true;
}
#endif


Cues::Cues(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long start_,
    long long size_,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_start(start_),
    m_size(size_),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_element_size(element_size),
    m_cue_points(NULL),
    m_count(0),
    m_preload_count(0),
    m_pos(start_)
{
}


Cues::~Cues()
{
    const long n = m_count + m_preload_count;

    CuePoint** p = m_cue_points;
    CuePoint** const q = p + n;

    while (p != q)
    {
        CuePoint* const pCP = *p++;
        assert(pCP);

        delete pCP;
    }

    delete[] m_cue_points;
}


long Cues::GetCount() const
{
    if (m_cue_points == NULL)
        return -1;

    return m_count;  //TODO: really ignore preload count?
}


bool Cues::DoneParsing() const
{
    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;
    return (m_pos >= stop);
}


void Cues::Init() const
{
    if (m_cue_points)
        return;

    assert(m_count == 0);
    assert(m_preload_count == 0);

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;
    long long pos = m_start;

    long cue_points_size = 0;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        const long long idpos = pos;

        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume Size field
        assert((pos + size) <= stop);

        if (id == 0x3B)  //CuePoint ID
            PreloadCuePoint(cue_points_size, idpos);

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }
}


void Cues::PreloadCuePoint(
    long& cue_points_size,
    long long pos) const
{
    assert(m_count == 0);

    if (m_preload_count >= cue_points_size)
    {
        const long n = (cue_points_size <= 0) ? 2048 : 2*cue_points_size;

        CuePoint** const qq = new CuePoint*[n];
        CuePoint** q = qq;  //beginning of target

        CuePoint** p = m_cue_points;                //beginning of source
        CuePoint** const pp = p + m_preload_count;  //end of source

        while (p != pp)
            *q++ = *p++;

        delete[] m_cue_points;

        m_cue_points = qq;
        cue_points_size = n;
    }

    CuePoint* const pCP = new CuePoint(m_preload_count, pos);
    m_cue_points[m_preload_count++] = pCP;
}


bool Cues::LoadCuePoint() const
{
    //odbgstream os;
    //os << "Cues::LoadCuePoint" << endl;

    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    if (m_pos >= stop)
        return false;  //nothing else to do

    Init();

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    while (m_pos < stop)
    {
        const long long idpos = m_pos;

        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, m_pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((m_pos + len) <= stop);

        m_pos += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, m_pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);
        assert((m_pos + len) <= stop);

        m_pos += len;  //consume Size field
        assert((m_pos + size) <= stop);

        if (id != 0x3B)  //CuePoint ID
        {
            m_pos += size;  //consume payload
            assert(m_pos <= stop);

            continue;
        }

        assert(m_preload_count > 0);

        CuePoint* const pCP = m_cue_points[m_count];
        assert(pCP);
        assert((pCP->GetTimeCode() >= 0) || (-pCP->GetTimeCode() == idpos));
        if (pCP->GetTimeCode() < 0 && (-pCP->GetTimeCode() != idpos))
            return false;

        pCP->Load(pReader);
        ++m_count;
        --m_preload_count;

        m_pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(m_pos <= stop);

        return true;  //yes, we loaded a cue point
    }

    //return (m_pos < stop);
    return false;  //no, we did not load a cue point
}


bool Cues::Find(
    long long time_ns,
    const Track* pTrack,
    const CuePoint*& pCP,
    const CuePoint::TrackPosition*& pTP) const
{
    assert(time_ns >= 0);
    assert(pTrack);

#if 0
    LoadCuePoint();  //establish invariant

    assert(m_cue_points);
    assert(m_count > 0);

    CuePoint** const ii = m_cue_points;
    CuePoint** i = ii;

    CuePoint** const jj = ii + m_count + m_preload_count;
    CuePoint** j = jj;

    pCP = *i;
    assert(pCP);

    if (time_ns <= pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment))
    {
        pTP = pCP->Find(pTrack);
        return (pTP != NULL);
    }

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[ii, i) <= time_ns
        //[i, j)  ?
        //[j, jj) > time_ns

        CuePoint** const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        CuePoint* const pCP = *k;
        assert(pCP);

        pCP->Load(pReader);

        const long long t = pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment);

        if (t <= time_ns)
            i = k + 1;
        else
            j = k;

        assert(i <= j);
    }

    assert(i == j);
    assert(i <= jj);
    assert(i > ii);

    pCP = *--i;
    assert(pCP);
    assert(pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment) <= time_ns);
#else
    if (m_cue_points == NULL)
        return false;

    if (m_count == 0)
        return false;

    CuePoint** const ii = m_cue_points;
    CuePoint** i = ii;

    CuePoint** const jj = ii + m_count;
    CuePoint** j = jj;

    pCP = *i;
    assert(pCP);

    if (time_ns <= pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment))
    {
        pTP = pCP->Find(pTrack);
        return (pTP != NULL);
    }

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[ii, i) <= time_ns
        //[i, j)  ?
        //[j, jj) > time_ns

        CuePoint** const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        CuePoint* const pCP = *k;
        assert(pCP);

        const long long t = pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment);

        if (t <= time_ns)
            i = k + 1;
        else
            j = k;

        assert(i <= j);
    }

    assert(i == j);
    assert(i <= jj);
    assert(i > ii);

    pCP = *--i;
    assert(pCP);
    assert(pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment) <= time_ns);
#endif

    //TODO: here and elsewhere, it's probably not correct to search
    //for the cue point with this time, and then search for a matching
    //track.  In principle, the matching track could be on some earlier
    //cue point, and with our current algorithm, we'd miss it.  To make
    //this bullet-proof, we'd need to create a secondary structure,
    //with a list of cue points that apply to a track, and then search
    //that track-based structure for a matching cue point.

    pTP = pCP->Find(pTrack);
    return (pTP != NULL);
}


#if 0
bool Cues::FindNext(
    long long time_ns,
    const Track* pTrack,
    const CuePoint*& pCP,
    const CuePoint::TrackPosition*& pTP) const
{
    pCP = 0;
    pTP = 0;

    if (m_count == 0)
        return false;

    assert(m_cue_points);

    const CuePoint* const* const ii = m_cue_points;
    const CuePoint* const* i = ii;

    const CuePoint* const* const jj = ii + m_count;
    const CuePoint* const* j = jj;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[ii, i) <= time_ns
        //[i, j)  ?
        //[j, jj) > time_ns

        const CuePoint* const* const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        pCP = *k;
        assert(pCP);

        const long long t = pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment);

        if (t <= time_ns)
            i = k + 1;
        else
            j = k;

        assert(i <= j);
    }

    assert(i == j);
    assert(i <= jj);

    if (i >= jj)  //time_ns is greater than max cue point
        return false;

    pCP = *i;
    assert(pCP);
    assert(pCP->GetTime(m_pSegment) > time_ns);

    pTP = pCP->Find(pTrack);
    return (pTP != NULL);
}
#endif


const CuePoint* Cues::GetFirst() const
{
    if (m_cue_points == NULL)
        return NULL;

    if (m_count == 0)
        return NULL;

#if 0
    LoadCuePoint();  //init cues

    const size_t count = m_count + m_preload_count;

    if (count == 0)  //weird
        return NULL;
#endif

    CuePoint* const* const pp = m_cue_points;
    assert(pp);

    CuePoint* const pCP = pp[0];
    assert(pCP);
    assert(pCP->GetTimeCode() >= 0);

    return pCP;
}


const CuePoint* Cues::GetLast() const
{
    if (m_cue_points == NULL)
        return NULL;

    if (m_count <= 0)
        return NULL;

#if 0
    LoadCuePoint();  //init cues

    const size_t count = m_count + m_preload_count;

    if (count == 0)  //weird
        return NULL;

    const size_t index = count - 1;

    CuePoint* const* const pp = m_cue_points;
    assert(pp);

    CuePoint* const pCP = pp[index];
    assert(pCP);

    pCP->Load(m_pSegment->m_pReader);
    assert(pCP->GetTimeCode() >= 0);
#else
    const long index = m_count - 1;

    CuePoint* const* const pp = m_cue_points;
    assert(pp);

    CuePoint* const pCP = pp[index];
    assert(pCP);
    assert(pCP->GetTimeCode() >= 0);
#endif

    return pCP;
}


const CuePoint* Cues::GetNext(const CuePoint* pCurr) const
{
    if (pCurr == NULL)
        return NULL;

    assert(pCurr->GetTimeCode() >= 0);
    assert(m_cue_points);
    assert(m_count >= 1);

#if 0
    const size_t count = m_count + m_preload_count;

    size_t index = pCurr->m_index;
    assert(index < count);

    CuePoint* const* const pp = m_cue_points;
    assert(pp);
    assert(pp[index] == pCurr);

    ++index;

    if (index >= count)
        return NULL;

    CuePoint* const pNext = pp[index];
    assert(pNext);

    pNext->Load(m_pSegment->m_pReader);
#else
    long index = pCurr->m_index;
    assert(index < m_count);

    CuePoint* const* const pp = m_cue_points;
    assert(pp);
    assert(pp[index] == pCurr);

    ++index;

    if (index >= m_count)
        return NULL;

    CuePoint* const pNext = pp[index];
    assert(pNext);
    assert(pNext->GetTimeCode() >= 0);
#endif

    return pNext;
}


const BlockEntry* Cues::GetBlock(
    const CuePoint* pCP,
    const CuePoint::TrackPosition* pTP) const
{
    if (pCP == NULL)
        return NULL;

    if (pTP == NULL)
        return NULL;

    return m_pSegment->GetBlock(*pCP, *pTP);
}


const BlockEntry* Segment::GetBlock(
    const CuePoint& cp,
    const CuePoint::TrackPosition& tp)
{
    Cluster** const ii = m_clusters;
    Cluster** i = ii;

    const long count = m_clusterCount + m_clusterPreloadCount;

    Cluster** const jj = ii + count;
    Cluster** j = jj;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[ii, i) < pTP->m_pos
        //[i, j) ?
        //[j, jj)  > pTP->m_pos

        Cluster** const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        Cluster* const pCluster = *k;
        assert(pCluster);

        //const long long pos_ = pCluster->m_pos;
        //assert(pos_);
        //const long long pos = pos_ * ((pos_ < 0) ? -1 : 1);

        const long long pos = pCluster->GetPosition();
        assert(pos >= 0);

        if (pos < tp.m_pos)
            i = k + 1;
        else if (pos > tp.m_pos)
            j = k;
        else
            return pCluster->GetEntry(cp, tp);
    }

    assert(i == j);
    //assert(Cluster::HasBlockEntries(this, tp.m_pos));

    Cluster* const pCluster = Cluster::Create(this, -1, tp.m_pos); //, -1);
    assert(pCluster);

    const ptrdiff_t idx = i - m_clusters;

    PreloadCluster(pCluster, idx);
    assert(m_clusters);
    assert(m_clusterPreloadCount > 0);
    assert(m_clusters[idx] == pCluster);

    return pCluster->GetEntry(cp, tp);
}


const Cluster* Segment::FindOrPreloadCluster(long long requested_pos)
{
    if (requested_pos < 0)
        return 0;

    Cluster** const ii = m_clusters;
    Cluster** i = ii;

    const long count = m_clusterCount + m_clusterPreloadCount;

    Cluster** const jj = ii + count;
    Cluster** j = jj;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[ii, i) < pTP->m_pos
        //[i, j) ?
        //[j, jj)  > pTP->m_pos

        Cluster** const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        Cluster* const pCluster = *k;
        assert(pCluster);

        //const long long pos_ = pCluster->m_pos;
        //assert(pos_);
        //const long long pos = pos_ * ((pos_ < 0) ? -1 : 1);

        const long long pos = pCluster->GetPosition();
        assert(pos >= 0);

        if (pos < requested_pos)
            i = k + 1;
        else if (pos > requested_pos)
            j = k;
        else
            return pCluster;
    }

    assert(i == j);
    //assert(Cluster::HasBlockEntries(this, tp.m_pos));

    Cluster* const pCluster = Cluster::Create(
                                this,
                                -1,
                                requested_pos);
                                //-1);
    assert(pCluster);

    const ptrdiff_t idx = i - m_clusters;

    PreloadCluster(pCluster, idx);
    assert(m_clusters);
    assert(m_clusterPreloadCount > 0);
    assert(m_clusters[idx] == pCluster);

    return pCluster;
}


CuePoint::CuePoint(long idx, long long pos) :
    m_element_start(0),
    m_element_size(0),
    m_index(idx),
    m_timecode(-1 * pos),
    m_track_positions(NULL),
    m_track_positions_count(0)
{
    assert(pos > 0);
}


CuePoint::~CuePoint()
{
    delete[] m_track_positions;
}


void CuePoint::Load(IMkvReader* pReader)
{
    //odbgstream os;
    //os << "CuePoint::Load(begin): timecode=" << m_timecode << endl;

    if (m_timecode >= 0)  //already loaded
        return;

    assert(m_track_positions == NULL);
    assert(m_track_positions_count == 0);

    long long pos_ = -m_timecode;
    const long long element_start = pos_;

    long long stop;

    {
        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos_, len);
        assert(id == 0x3B);  //CuePoint ID
        if (id != 0x3B)
            return;

        pos_ += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos_, len);
        assert(size >= 0);

        pos_ += len;  //consume Size field
        //pos_ now points to start of payload

        stop = pos_ + size;
    }

    const long long element_size = stop - element_start;

    long long pos = pos_;

    //First count number of track positions

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume Size field
        assert((pos + size) <= stop);

        if (id == 0x33)  //CueTime ID
            m_timecode = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

        else if (id == 0x37) //CueTrackPosition(s) ID
            ++m_track_positions_count;

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(m_timecode >= 0);
    assert(m_track_positions_count > 0);

    //os << "CuePoint::Load(cont'd): idpos=" << idpos
    //   << " timecode=" << m_timecode
    //   << endl;

    m_track_positions = new TrackPosition[m_track_positions_count];

    //Now parse track positions

    TrackPosition* p = m_track_positions;
    pos = pos_;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume Size field
        assert((pos + size) <= stop);

        if (id == 0x37) //CueTrackPosition(s) ID
        {
            TrackPosition& tp = *p++;
            tp.Parse(pReader, pos, size);
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(size_t(p - m_track_positions) == m_track_positions_count);

    m_element_start = element_start;
    m_element_size = element_size;
}



void CuePoint::TrackPosition::Parse(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long start_,
    long long size_)
{
    const long long stop = start_ + size_;
    long long pos = start_;

    m_track = -1;
    m_pos = -1;
    m_block = 1;  //default

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume Size field
        assert((pos + size) <= stop);

        if (id == 0x77)  //CueTrack ID
            m_track = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

        else if (id == 0x71)  //CueClusterPos ID
            m_pos = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

        else if (id == 0x1378)  //CueBlockNumber
            m_block = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(m_pos >= 0);
    assert(m_track > 0);
    //assert(m_block > 0);
}


const CuePoint::TrackPosition* CuePoint::Find(const Track* pTrack) const
{
    assert(pTrack);

    const long long n = pTrack->GetNumber();

    const TrackPosition* i = m_track_positions;
    const TrackPosition* const j = i + m_track_positions_count;

    while (i != j)
    {
        const TrackPosition& p = *i++;

        if (p.m_track == n)
            return &p;
    }

    return NULL;  //no matching track number found
}


long long CuePoint::GetTimeCode() const
{
    return m_timecode;
}

long long CuePoint::GetTime(const Segment* pSegment) const
{
    assert(pSegment);
    assert(m_timecode >= 0);

    const SegmentInfo* const pInfo = pSegment->GetInfo();
    assert(pInfo);

    const long long scale = pInfo->GetTimeCodeScale();
    assert(scale >= 1);

    const long long time = scale * m_timecode;

    return time;
}


#if 0
long long Segment::Unparsed() const
{
    if (m_size < 0)
        return LLONG_MAX;

    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    const long long result = stop - m_pos;
    assert(result >= 0);

    return result;
}
#else
bool Segment::DoneParsing() const
{
    if (m_size < 0)
    {
        long long total, avail;

        const int status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return true;  //must assume done

        if (total < 0)
            return false;  //assume live stream

        return (m_pos >= total);
    }

    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    return (m_pos >= stop);
}
#endif


const Cluster* Segment::GetFirst() const
{
    if ((m_clusters == NULL) || (m_clusterCount <= 0))
       return &m_eos;

    Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[0];
    assert(pCluster);

    return pCluster;
}


const Cluster* Segment::GetLast() const
{
    if ((m_clusters == NULL) || (m_clusterCount <= 0))
        return &m_eos;

    const long idx = m_clusterCount - 1;

    Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[idx];
    assert(pCluster);

    return pCluster;
}


unsigned long Segment::GetCount() const
{
    return m_clusterCount;
}


const Cluster* Segment::GetNext(const Cluster* pCurr)
{
    assert(pCurr);
    assert(pCurr != &m_eos);
    assert(m_clusters);

    long idx =  pCurr->m_index;

    if (idx >= 0)
    {
        assert(m_clusterCount > 0);
        assert(idx < m_clusterCount);
        assert(pCurr == m_clusters[idx]);

        ++idx;

        if (idx >= m_clusterCount)
            return &m_eos;  //caller will LoadCluster as desired

        Cluster* const pNext = m_clusters[idx];
        assert(pNext);
        assert(pNext->m_index >= 0);
        assert(pNext->m_index == idx);

        return pNext;
    }

    assert(m_clusterPreloadCount > 0);

    long long pos = pCurr->m_element_start;

    assert(m_size >= 0);  //TODO
    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;  //end of segment

    {
        long len;

        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(result == 0);
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);  //TODO
        if (result != 0)
            return NULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id == 0x0F43B675);  //Cluster ID
        if (id != 0x0F43B675)
            return NULL;

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        //Read Size
        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(result == 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);  //TODO

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size > 0);  //TODO
        //assert((pCurr->m_size <= 0) || (pCurr->m_size == size));

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element
        assert((pos + size) <= stop);  //TODO

        //Pos now points to start of payload

        pos += size;  //consume payload
    }

    long long off_next = 0;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long len;

        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(result == 0);
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);  //TODO
        if (result != 0)
            return NULL;

        const long long idpos = pos;  //pos of next (potential) cluster

        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);
        assert(id > 0);  //TODO

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        //Read Size
        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(result == 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);  //TODO

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);  //TODO

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element
        assert((pos + size) <= stop);  //TODO

        //Pos now points to start of payload

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        if (id == 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
        {
            const long long off_next_ = idpos - m_start;

            long long pos_;
            long len_;

            const long status = Cluster::HasBlockEntries(
                                    this,
                                    off_next_,
                                    pos_,
                                    len_);

            assert(status >= 0);

            if (status > 0)
            {
                off_next = off_next_;
                break;
            }
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
    }

    if (off_next <= 0)
        return 0;

    Cluster** const ii = m_clusters + m_clusterCount;
    Cluster** i = ii;

    Cluster** const jj = ii + m_clusterPreloadCount;
    Cluster** j = jj;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[0, i) < pos_next
        //[i, j) ?
        //[j, jj)  > pos_next

        Cluster** const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        Cluster* const pNext = *k;
        assert(pNext);
        assert(pNext->m_index < 0);

        //const long long pos_ = pNext->m_pos;
        //assert(pos_);
        //pos = pos_ * ((pos_ < 0) ? -1 : 1);

        pos = pNext->GetPosition();

        if (pos < off_next)
            i = k + 1;
        else if (pos > off_next)
            j = k;
        else
            return pNext;
    }

    assert(i == j);

    Cluster* const pNext = Cluster::Create(this,
                                          -1,
                                          off_next);
    assert(pNext);

    const ptrdiff_t idx_next = i - m_clusters;  //insertion position

    PreloadCluster(pNext, idx_next);
    assert(m_clusters);
    assert(idx_next < m_clusterSize);
    assert(m_clusters[idx_next] == pNext);

    return pNext;
}


long Segment::ParseNext(
    const Cluster* pCurr,
    const Cluster*& pResult,
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    assert(pCurr);
    assert(!pCurr->EOS());
    assert(m_clusters);

    pResult = 0;

    if (pCurr->m_index >= 0)  //loaded (not merely preloaded)
    {
        assert(m_clusters[pCurr->m_index] == pCurr);

        const long next_idx = pCurr->m_index + 1;

        if (next_idx < m_clusterCount)
        {
            pResult = m_clusters[next_idx];
            return 0;  //success
        }

        //curr cluster is last among loaded

        const long result = LoadCluster(pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error or underflow
            return result;

        if (result > 0)  //no more clusters
        {
            //pResult = &m_eos;
            return 1;
        }

        pResult = GetLast();
        return 0;  //success
    }

    assert(m_pos > 0);

    long long total, avail;

    long status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    const long long segment_stop = (m_size < 0) ? -1 : m_start + m_size;

    //interrogate curr cluster

    pos = pCurr->m_element_start;

    if (pCurr->m_element_size >= 0)
        pos += pCurr->m_element_size;
    else
    {
        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (id != 0x0F43B675)  //weird: not Cluster ID
            return -1;

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        //Read Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0) //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        pos += len;  //consume size field

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size == unknown_size)          //TODO: should never happen
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: resolve this

        //assert((pCurr->m_size <= 0) || (pCurr->m_size == size));

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //Pos now points to start of payload

        pos += size;  //consume payload (that is, the current cluster)
        assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));

        //By consuming the payload, we are assuming that the curr
        //cluster isn't interesting.  That is, we don't bother checking
        //whether the payload of the curr cluster is less than what
        //happens to be available (obtained via IMkvReader::Length).
        //Presumably the caller has already dispensed with the current
        //cluster, and really does want the next cluster.
    }

    //pos now points to just beyond the last fully-loaded cluster

    for (;;)
    {
        const long status = DoParseNext(pResult, pos, len);

        if (status <= 1)
            return status;
    }
}


long Segment::DoParseNext(
    const Cluster*& pResult,
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    long long total, avail;

    long status = m_pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    const long long segment_stop = (m_size < 0) ? -1 : m_start + m_size;

    //Parse next cluster.  This is strictly a parsing activity.
    //Creation of a new cluster object happens later, after the
    //parsing is done.

    long long off_next = 0;
    long long cluster_size = -1;

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
            return 1;  //EOF

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (pos >= segment_stop))
            return 1;  //EOF

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long idpos = pos;             //absolute
        const long long idoff = pos - m_start;   //relative

        const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);  //absolute

        if (id < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        if (id == 0)  //weird
            return -1;  //generic error

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        //Read Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element

        //Pos now points to start of payload

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) &&
            (size != unknown_size) &&
            ((pos + size) > segment_stop))
        {
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }

        if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
        {
            if (size == unknown_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            const long long element_stop = pos + size;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (element_stop > segment_stop))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            const long long element_start = idpos;
            const long long element_size = element_stop - element_start;

            if (m_pCues == NULL)
            {
                m_pCues = new Cues(this,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    element_start,
                                    element_size);
                assert(m_pCues);  //TODO
            }

            pos += size;  //consume payload
            assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));

            continue;
        }

        if (id != 0x0F43B675)  //not a Cluster ID
        {
            if (size == unknown_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            pos += size;  //consume payload
            assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));

            continue;
        }

#if 0 //this is commented-out to support incremental cluster parsing
        len = static_cast<long>(size);

        if (element_stop > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
#endif

        //We have a cluster.

        off_next = idoff;

        if (size != unknown_size)
            cluster_size = size;

        break;
    }

    assert(off_next > 0);  //have cluster

    //We have parsed the next cluster.
    //We have not created a cluster object yet.  What we need
    //to do now is determine whether it has already be preloaded
    //(in which case, an object for this cluster has already been
    //created), and if not, create a new cluster object.

    Cluster** const ii = m_clusters + m_clusterCount;
    Cluster** i = ii;

    Cluster** const jj = ii + m_clusterPreloadCount;
    Cluster** j = jj;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[0, i) < pos_next
        //[i, j) ?
        //[j, jj)  > pos_next

        Cluster** const k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < jj);

        const Cluster* const pNext = *k;
        assert(pNext);
        assert(pNext->m_index < 0);

        pos = pNext->GetPosition();
        assert(pos >= 0);

        if (pos < off_next)
            i = k + 1;
        else if (pos > off_next)
            j = k;
        else
        {
            pResult = pNext;
            return 0;  //success
        }
    }

    assert(i == j);

    long long pos_;
    long len_;

    status = Cluster::HasBlockEntries(this, off_next, pos_, len_);

    if (status < 0)  //error or underflow
    {
        pos = pos_;
        len = len_;

        return status;
    }

    if (status > 0)  //means "found at least one block entry"
    {
        Cluster* const pNext = Cluster::Create(this,
                                                -1,   //preloaded
                                                off_next);
                                                //element_size);
        assert(pNext);

        const ptrdiff_t idx_next = i - m_clusters;  //insertion position

        PreloadCluster(pNext, idx_next);
        assert(m_clusters);
        assert(idx_next < m_clusterSize);
        assert(m_clusters[idx_next] == pNext);

        pResult = pNext;
        return 0;  //success
    }

    //status == 0 means "no block entries found"

    if (cluster_size < 0)  //unknown size
    {
        const long long payload_pos = pos;  //absolute pos of cluster payload

        for (;;)  //determine cluster size
        {
            if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
                break;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (pos >= segment_stop))
                break;  //no more clusters

            //Read ID

            if ((pos + 1) > avail)
            {
                len = 1;
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
            }

            long long result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

            if (result < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(result);

            if (result > 0)  //weird
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if ((pos + len) > avail)
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            const long long idpos = pos;
            const long long id = ReadUInt(m_pReader, idpos, len);

            if (id < 0)  //error (or underflow)
                return static_cast<long>(id);

            //This is the distinguished set of ID's we use to determine
            //that we have exhausted the sub-element's inside the cluster
            //whose ID we parsed earlier.

            if (id == 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
                break;

            if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
                break;

            pos += len;  //consume ID (of sub-element)

            //Read Size

            if ((pos + 1) > avail)
            {
                len = 1;
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
            }

            result = GetUIntLength(m_pReader, pos, len);

            if (result < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(result);

            if (result > 0)  //weird
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if ((pos + len) > avail)
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            const long long size = ReadUInt(m_pReader, pos, len);

            if (size < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(size);

            pos += len;  //consume size field of element

            //pos now points to start of sub-element's payload

            if (size == 0)  //weird
                continue;

            const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

            if (size == unknown_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //not allowed for sub-elements

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > segment_stop))  //weird
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            pos += size;  //consume payload of sub-element
            assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));
        }  //determine cluster size

        cluster_size = pos - payload_pos;
        assert(cluster_size >= 0);  //TODO: handle cluster_size = 0

        pos = payload_pos;  //reset and re-parse original cluster
    }

    pos += cluster_size;  //consume payload
    assert((segment_stop < 0) || (pos <= segment_stop));

    return 2;             //try to find a cluster that follows next
}


const Cluster* Segment::FindCluster(long long time_ns) const
{
    if ((m_clusters == NULL) || (m_clusterCount <= 0))
        return &m_eos;

    {
        Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[0];
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->m_index == 0);

        if (time_ns <= pCluster->GetTime())
            return pCluster;
    }

    //Binary search of cluster array

    long i = 0;
    long j = m_clusterCount;

    while (i < j)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[0, i) <= time_ns
        //[i, j) ?
        //[j, m_clusterCount)  > time_ns

        const long k = i + (j - i) / 2;
        assert(k < m_clusterCount);

        Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[k];
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->m_index == k);

        const long long t = pCluster->GetTime();

        if (t <= time_ns)
            i = k + 1;
        else
            j = k;

        assert(i <= j);
    }

    assert(i == j);
    assert(i > 0);
    assert(i <= m_clusterCount);

    const long k = i - 1;

    Cluster* const pCluster = m_clusters[k];
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->m_index == k);
    assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

    return pCluster;
}


#if 0
const BlockEntry* Segment::Seek(
    long long time_ns,
    const Track* pTrack) const
{
    assert(pTrack);

    if ((m_clusters == NULL) || (m_clusterCount <= 0))
        return pTrack->GetEOS();

    Cluster** const i = m_clusters;
    assert(i);

    {
        Cluster* const pCluster = *i;
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->m_index == 0);  //m_clusterCount > 0
        assert(pCluster->m_pSegment == this);

        if (time_ns <= pCluster->GetTime())
            return pCluster->GetEntry(pTrack);
    }

    Cluster** const j = i + m_clusterCount;

    if (pTrack->GetType() == 2)  //audio
    {
        //TODO: we could decide to use cues for this, as we do for video.
        //But we only use it for video because looking around for a keyframe
        //can get expensive.  Audio doesn't require anything special so a
        //straight cluster search is good enough (we assume).

        Cluster** lo = i;
        Cluster** hi = j;

        while (lo < hi)
        {
            //INVARIANT:
            //[i, lo) <= time_ns
            //[lo, hi) ?
            //[hi, j)  > time_ns

            Cluster** const mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
            assert(mid < hi);

            Cluster* const pCluster = *mid;
            assert(pCluster);
            assert(pCluster->m_index == long(mid - m_clusters));
            assert(pCluster->m_pSegment == this);

            const long long t = pCluster->GetTime();

            if (t <= time_ns)
                lo = mid + 1;
            else
                hi = mid;

            assert(lo <= hi);
        }

        assert(lo == hi);
        assert(lo > i);
        assert(lo <= j);

        while (lo > i)
        {
            Cluster* const pCluster = *--lo;
            assert(pCluster);
            assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

            const BlockEntry* const pBE = pCluster->GetEntry(pTrack);

            if ((pBE != 0) && !pBE->EOS())
                return pBE;

            //landed on empty cluster (no entries)
        }

        return pTrack->GetEOS();  //weird
    }

    assert(pTrack->GetType() == 1);  //video

    Cluster** lo = i;
    Cluster** hi = j;

    while (lo < hi)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[i, lo) <= time_ns
        //[lo, hi) ?
        //[hi, j)  > time_ns

        Cluster** const mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
        assert(mid < hi);

        Cluster* const pCluster = *mid;
        assert(pCluster);

        const long long t = pCluster->GetTime();

        if (t <= time_ns)
            lo = mid + 1;
        else
            hi = mid;

        assert(lo <= hi);
    }

    assert(lo == hi);
    assert(lo > i);
    assert(lo <= j);

    Cluster* pCluster = *--lo;
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

    {
        const BlockEntry* const pBE = pCluster->GetEntry(pTrack, time_ns);

        if ((pBE != 0) && !pBE->EOS())  //found a keyframe
            return pBE;
    }

    const VideoTrack* const pVideo = static_cast<const VideoTrack*>(pTrack);

    while (lo != i)
    {
        pCluster = *--lo;
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

        const BlockEntry* const pBlockEntry = pCluster->GetMaxKey(pVideo);

        if ((pBlockEntry != 0) && !pBlockEntry->EOS())
            return pBlockEntry;
    }

    //weird: we're on the first cluster, but no keyframe found
    //should never happen but we must return something anyway

    return pTrack->GetEOS();
}
#endif


#if 0
bool Segment::SearchCues(
    long long time_ns,
    Track* pTrack,
    Cluster*& pCluster,
    const BlockEntry*& pBlockEntry,
    const CuePoint*& pCP,
    const CuePoint::TrackPosition*& pTP)
{
    if (pTrack->GetType() != 1)  //not video
        return false;  //TODO: for now, just handle video stream

    if (m_pCues == NULL)
        return false;

    if (!m_pCues->Find(time_ns, pTrack, pCP, pTP))
        return false;  //weird

    assert(pCP);
    assert(pTP);
    assert(pTP->m_track == pTrack->GetNumber());

    //We have the cue point and track position we want,
    //so we now need to search for the cluster having
    //the indicated position.

    return GetCluster(pCP, pTP, pCluster, pBlockEntry);
}
#endif


const Tracks* Segment::GetTracks() const
{
    return m_pTracks;
}


const SegmentInfo* Segment::GetInfo() const
{
    return m_pInfo;
}


const Cues* Segment::GetCues() const
{
    return m_pCues;
}


const Chapters* Segment::GetChapters() const
{
  return m_pChapters;
}


const SeekHead* Segment::GetSeekHead() const
{
    return m_pSeekHead;
}


long long Segment::GetDuration() const
{
    assert(m_pInfo);
    return m_pInfo->GetDuration();
}


Chapters::Chapters(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long payload_start,
    long long payload_size,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_start(payload_start),
    m_size(payload_size),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_element_size(element_size),
    m_editions(NULL),
    m_editions_size(0),
    m_editions_count(0)
{
}


Chapters::~Chapters()
{
    while (m_editions_count > 0)
    {
        Edition& e = m_editions[--m_editions_count];
        e.Clear();
    }
}


long Chapters::Parse()
{
    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long pos = m_start;  // payload start
    const long long stop = pos + m_size;  // payload stop

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        long status = ParseElementHeader(
                        pReader,
                        pos,
                        stop,
                        id,
                        size);

        if (status < 0)  // error
            return status;

        if (size == 0)  // weird
            continue;

        if (id == 0x05B9)  // EditionEntry ID
        {
            status = ParseEdition(pos, size);

            if (status < 0)  // error
                return status;
        }

        pos += size;
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);
    return 0;
}


int Chapters::GetEditionCount() const
{
    return m_editions_count;
}


const Chapters::Edition* Chapters::GetEdition(int idx) const
{
    if (idx < 0)
        return NULL;

    if (idx >= m_editions_count)
        return NULL;

    return m_editions + idx;
}


bool Chapters::ExpandEditionsArray()
{
    if (m_editions_size > m_editions_count)
        return true;  // nothing else to do

    const int size = (m_editions_size == 0) ? 1 : 2 * m_editions_size;

    Edition* const editions = new (std::nothrow) Edition[size];

    if (editions == NULL)
        return false;

    for (int idx = 0; idx < m_editions_count; ++idx)
    {
        m_editions[idx].ShallowCopy(editions[idx]);
    }

    delete[] m_editions;
    m_editions = editions;

    m_editions_size = size;
    return true;
}


long Chapters::ParseEdition(
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    if (!ExpandEditionsArray())
        return -1;

    Edition& e = m_editions[m_editions_count++];
    e.Init();

    return e.Parse(m_pSegment->m_pReader, pos, size);
}


Chapters::Edition::Edition()
{
}


Chapters::Edition::~Edition()
{
}


int Chapters::Edition::GetAtomCount() const
{
    return m_atoms_count;
}


const Chapters::Atom* Chapters::Edition::GetAtom(int index) const
{
    if (index < 0)
        return NULL;

    if (index >= m_atoms_count)
        return NULL;

    return m_atoms + index;
}


void Chapters::Edition::Init()
{
    m_atoms = NULL;
    m_atoms_size = 0;
    m_atoms_count = 0;
}


void Chapters::Edition::ShallowCopy(Edition& rhs) const
{
    rhs.m_atoms = m_atoms;
    rhs.m_atoms_size = m_atoms_size;
    rhs.m_atoms_count = m_atoms_count;
}


void Chapters::Edition::Clear()
{
    while (m_atoms_count > 0)
    {
        Atom& a = m_atoms[--m_atoms_count];
        a.Clear();
    }

    delete[] m_atoms;
    m_atoms = NULL;

    m_atoms_size = 0;
}


long Chapters::Edition::Parse(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    const long long stop = pos + size;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        long status = ParseElementHeader(
                        pReader,
                        pos,
                        stop,
                        id,
                        size);

        if (status < 0)  // error
            return status;

        if (size == 0)  // weird
            continue;

        if (id == 0x36)  // Atom ID
        {
            status = ParseAtom(pReader, pos, size);

            if (status < 0)  // error
                return status;
        }

        pos += size;
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);
    return 0;
}


long Chapters::Edition::ParseAtom(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    if (!ExpandAtomsArray())
        return -1;

    Atom& a = m_atoms[m_atoms_count++];
    a.Init();

    return a.Parse(pReader, pos, size);
}


bool Chapters::Edition::ExpandAtomsArray()
{
    if (m_atoms_size > m_atoms_count)
        return true;  // nothing else to do

    const int size = (m_atoms_size == 0) ? 1 : 2 * m_atoms_size;

    Atom* const atoms = new (std::nothrow) Atom[size];

    if (atoms == NULL)
        return false;

    for (int idx = 0; idx < m_atoms_count; ++idx)
    {
        m_atoms[idx].ShallowCopy(atoms[idx]);
    }

    delete[] m_atoms;
    m_atoms = atoms;

    m_atoms_size = size;
    return true;
}


Chapters::Atom::Atom()
{
}


Chapters::Atom::~Atom()
{
}


unsigned long long Chapters::Atom::GetUID() const
{
    return m_uid;
}


const char* Chapters::Atom::GetStringUID() const
{
    return m_string_uid;
}


long long Chapters::Atom::GetStartTimecode() const
{
    return m_start_timecode;
}


long long Chapters::Atom::GetStopTimecode() const
{
    return m_stop_timecode;
}


long long Chapters::Atom::GetStartTime(const Chapters* pChapters) const
{
    return GetTime(pChapters, m_start_timecode);
}


long long Chapters::Atom::GetStopTime(const Chapters* pChapters) const
{
    return GetTime(pChapters, m_stop_timecode);
}


int Chapters::Atom::GetDisplayCount() const
{
    return m_displays_count;
}


const Chapters::Display* Chapters::Atom::GetDisplay(int index) const
{
    if (index < 0)
        return NULL;

    if (index >= m_displays_count)
        return NULL;

    return m_displays + index;
}


void Chapters::Atom::Init()
{
    m_string_uid = NULL;
    m_uid = 0;
    m_start_timecode = -1;
    m_stop_timecode = -1;

    m_displays = NULL;
    m_displays_size = 0;
    m_displays_count = 0;
}


void Chapters::Atom::ShallowCopy(Atom& rhs) const
{
    rhs.m_string_uid = m_string_uid;
    rhs.m_uid = m_uid;
    rhs.m_start_timecode = m_start_timecode;
    rhs.m_stop_timecode = m_stop_timecode;

    rhs.m_displays = m_displays;
    rhs.m_displays_size = m_displays_size;
    rhs.m_displays_count = m_displays_count;
}


void Chapters::Atom::Clear()
{
    delete[] m_string_uid;
    m_string_uid = NULL;

    while (m_displays_count > 0)
    {
        Display& d = m_displays[--m_displays_count];
        d.Clear();
    }

    delete[] m_displays;
    m_displays = NULL;

    m_displays_size = 0;
}


long Chapters::Atom::Parse(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    const long long stop = pos + size;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        long status = ParseElementHeader(
                        pReader,
                        pos,
                        stop,
                        id,
                        size);

        if (status < 0)  // error
            return status;

        if (size == 0)  // weird
            continue;

        if (id == 0x00)  // Display ID
        {
            status = ParseDisplay(pReader, pos, size);

            if (status < 0)  // error
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x1654)  // StringUID ID
        {
            status = UnserializeString(pReader, pos, size, m_string_uid);

            if (status < 0)  // error
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x33C4)  // UID ID
        {
            const long long val = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (val < 0)  // error
                return static_cast<long>(val);

            m_uid = val;
        }
        else if (id == 0x11)  // TimeStart ID
        {
            const long long val = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (val < 0)  // error
                return static_cast<long>(val);

            m_start_timecode = val;
        }
        else if (id == 0x12)  // TimeEnd ID
        {
            const long long val = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (val < 0)  // error
                return static_cast<long>(val);

            m_stop_timecode = val;
        }

        pos += size;
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);
    return 0;
}


long long Chapters::Atom::GetTime(
    const Chapters* pChapters,
    long long timecode)
{
    if (pChapters == NULL)
        return -1;

    Segment* const pSegment = pChapters->m_pSegment;

    if (pSegment == NULL)  // weird
        return -1;

    const SegmentInfo* const pInfo = pSegment->GetInfo();

    if (pInfo == NULL)
        return -1;

    const long long timecode_scale = pInfo->GetTimeCodeScale();

    if (timecode_scale < 1)  // weird
        return -1;

    if (timecode < 0)
        return -1;

    const long long result = timecode_scale * timecode;

    return result;
}


long Chapters::Atom::ParseDisplay(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    if (!ExpandDisplaysArray())
        return -1;

    Display& d = m_displays[m_displays_count++];
    d.Init();

    return d.Parse(pReader, pos, size);
}


bool Chapters::Atom::ExpandDisplaysArray()
{
    if (m_displays_size > m_displays_count)
        return true;  // nothing else to do

    const int size = (m_displays_size == 0) ? 1 : 2 * m_displays_size;

    Display* const displays = new (std::nothrow) Display[size];

    if (displays == NULL)
        return false;

    for (int idx = 0; idx < m_displays_count; ++idx)
    {
        m_displays[idx].ShallowCopy(displays[idx]);
    }

    delete[] m_displays;
    m_displays = displays;

    m_displays_size = size;
    return true;
}


Chapters::Display::Display()
{
}


Chapters::Display::~Display()
{
}


const char* Chapters::Display::GetString() const
{
    return m_string;
}


const char* Chapters::Display::GetLanguage() const
{
    return m_language;
}


const char* Chapters::Display::GetCountry() const
{
    return m_country;
}


void Chapters::Display::Init()
{
    m_string = NULL;
    m_language = NULL;
    m_country = NULL;
}


void Chapters::Display::ShallowCopy(Display& rhs) const
{
    rhs.m_string = m_string;
    rhs.m_language = m_language;
    rhs.m_country = m_country;
}


void Chapters::Display::Clear()
{
    delete[] m_string;
    m_string = NULL;

    delete[] m_language;
    m_language = NULL;

    delete[] m_country;
    m_country = NULL;
}


long Chapters::Display::Parse(
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    long long pos,
    long long size)
{
    const long long stop = pos + size;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        long status = ParseElementHeader(
                        pReader,
                        pos,
                        stop,
                        id,
                        size);

        if (status < 0)  // error
            return status;

        if (size == 0)  // weird
            continue;

        if (id == 0x05)  // ChapterString ID
        {
            status = UnserializeString(pReader, pos, size, m_string);

            if (status)
              return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x037C)  // ChapterLanguage ID
        {
            status = UnserializeString(pReader, pos, size, m_language);

            if (status)
              return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x037E)  // ChapterCountry ID
        {
            status = UnserializeString(pReader, pos, size, m_country);

            if (status)
              return status;
        }

        pos += size;
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);
    return 0;
}


SegmentInfo::SegmentInfo(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long start,
    long long size_,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_start(start),
    m_size(size_),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_element_size(element_size),
    m_pMuxingAppAsUTF8(NULL),
    m_pWritingAppAsUTF8(NULL),
    m_pTitleAsUTF8(NULL)
{
}

SegmentInfo::~SegmentInfo()
{
    delete[] m_pMuxingAppAsUTF8;
    m_pMuxingAppAsUTF8 = NULL;

    delete[] m_pWritingAppAsUTF8;
    m_pWritingAppAsUTF8 = NULL;

    delete[] m_pTitleAsUTF8;
    m_pTitleAsUTF8 = NULL;
}


long SegmentInfo::Parse()
{
    assert(m_pMuxingAppAsUTF8 == NULL);
    assert(m_pWritingAppAsUTF8 == NULL);
    assert(m_pTitleAsUTF8 == NULL);

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long pos = m_start;
    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    m_timecodeScale = 1000000;
    m_duration = -1;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (id == 0x0AD7B1)  //Timecode Scale
        {
            m_timecodeScale = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (m_timecodeScale <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0489)  //Segment duration
        {
            const long status = UnserializeFloat(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    m_duration);

            if (status < 0)
                return status;

            if (m_duration < 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0D80)  //MuxingApp
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    m_pMuxingAppAsUTF8);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x1741)  //WritingApp
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    m_pWritingAppAsUTF8);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x3BA9)  //Title
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    m_pTitleAsUTF8);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }

        pos += size;
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    return 0;
}


long long SegmentInfo::GetTimeCodeScale() const
{
    return m_timecodeScale;
}


long long SegmentInfo::GetDuration() const
{
    if (m_duration < 0)
        return -1;

    assert(m_timecodeScale >= 1);

    const double dd = double(m_duration) * double(m_timecodeScale);
    const long long d = static_cast<long long>(dd);

    return d;
}

const char* SegmentInfo::GetMuxingAppAsUTF8() const
{
    return m_pMuxingAppAsUTF8;
}


const char* SegmentInfo::GetWritingAppAsUTF8() const
{
    return m_pWritingAppAsUTF8;
}

const char* SegmentInfo::GetTitleAsUTF8() const
{
    return m_pTitleAsUTF8;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ContentEncoding element
ContentEncoding::ContentCompression::ContentCompression()
    : algo(0),
      settings(NULL),
      settings_len(0) {
}

ContentEncoding::ContentCompression::~ContentCompression() {
  delete [] settings;
}

ContentEncoding::ContentEncryption::ContentEncryption()
    : algo(0),
      key_id(NULL),
      key_id_len(0),
      signature(NULL),
      signature_len(0),
      sig_key_id(NULL),
      sig_key_id_len(0),
      sig_algo(0),
      sig_hash_algo(0) {
}

ContentEncoding::ContentEncryption::~ContentEncryption() {
  delete [] key_id;
  delete [] signature;
  delete [] sig_key_id;
}

ContentEncoding::ContentEncoding()
    : compression_entries_(NULL),
      compression_entries_end_(NULL),
      encryption_entries_(NULL),
      encryption_entries_end_(NULL),
      encoding_order_(0),
      encoding_scope_(1),
      encoding_type_(0) {
}

ContentEncoding::~ContentEncoding() {
  ContentCompression** comp_i = compression_entries_;
  ContentCompression** const comp_j = compression_entries_end_;

  while (comp_i != comp_j) {
    ContentCompression* const comp = *comp_i++;
    delete comp;
  }

  delete [] compression_entries_;

  ContentEncryption** enc_i = encryption_entries_;
  ContentEncryption** const enc_j = encryption_entries_end_;

  while (enc_i != enc_j) {
    ContentEncryption* const enc = *enc_i++;
    delete enc;
  }

  delete [] encryption_entries_;
}


const ContentEncoding::ContentCompression*
ContentEncoding::GetCompressionByIndex(unsigned long idx) const {
  const ptrdiff_t count = compression_entries_end_ - compression_entries_;
  assert(count >= 0);

  if (idx >= static_cast<unsigned long>(count))
    return NULL;

  return compression_entries_[idx];
}

unsigned long ContentEncoding::GetCompressionCount() const {
  const ptrdiff_t count = compression_entries_end_ - compression_entries_;
  assert(count >= 0);

  return static_cast<unsigned long>(count);
}

const ContentEncoding::ContentEncryption*
ContentEncoding::GetEncryptionByIndex(unsigned long idx) const {
  const ptrdiff_t count = encryption_entries_end_ - encryption_entries_;
  assert(count >= 0);

  if (idx >= static_cast<unsigned long>(count))
    return NULL;

  return encryption_entries_[idx];
}

unsigned long ContentEncoding::GetEncryptionCount() const {
  const ptrdiff_t count = encryption_entries_end_ - encryption_entries_;
  assert(count >= 0);

  return static_cast<unsigned long>(count);
}

long ContentEncoding::ParseContentEncAESSettingsEntry(
    long long start,
    long long size,
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    ContentEncAESSettings* aes) {
  assert(pReader);
  assert(aes);

  long long pos = start;
  const long long stop = start + size;

  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    const long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                           pos,
                                           stop,
                                           id,
                                           size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;

    if (id == 0x7E8) {
      // AESSettingsCipherMode
      aes->cipher_mode = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
      if (aes->cipher_mode != 1)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
    }

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  return 0;
}

long ContentEncoding::ParseContentEncodingEntry(long long start,
                                                long long size,
                                                IMkvReader* pReader) {
  assert(pReader);

  long long pos = start;
  const long long stop = start + size;

  // Count ContentCompression and ContentEncryption elements.
  int compression_count = 0;
  int encryption_count = 0;

  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    const long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                           pos,
                                           stop,
                                           id,
                                           size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;

    if (id == 0x1034)  // ContentCompression ID
      ++compression_count;

    if (id == 0x1035)  // ContentEncryption ID
      ++encryption_count;

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  if (compression_count <= 0 && encryption_count <= 0)
    return -1;

  if (compression_count > 0) {
    compression_entries_ =
        new (std::nothrow) ContentCompression*[compression_count];
    if (!compression_entries_)
      return -1;
    compression_entries_end_ = compression_entries_;
  }

  if (encryption_count > 0) {
    encryption_entries_ =
        new (std::nothrow) ContentEncryption*[encryption_count];
    if (!encryption_entries_) {
      delete [] compression_entries_;
      return -1;
    }
    encryption_entries_end_ = encryption_entries_;
  }

  pos = start;
  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                     pos,
                                     stop,
                                     id,
                                     size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;

    if (id == 0x1031) {
      // ContentEncodingOrder
      encoding_order_ = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
    } else if (id == 0x1032) {
      // ContentEncodingScope
      encoding_scope_ = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
      if (encoding_scope_ < 1)
        return -1;
    } else if (id == 0x1033) {
      // ContentEncodingType
      encoding_type_ = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
    } else if (id == 0x1034) {
      // ContentCompression ID
      ContentCompression* const compression =
        new (std::nothrow) ContentCompression();
      if (!compression)
        return -1;

      status = ParseCompressionEntry(pos, size, pReader, compression);
      if (status) {
        delete compression;
        return status;
      }
      *compression_entries_end_++ = compression;
    } else if (id == 0x1035) {
      // ContentEncryption ID
      ContentEncryption* const encryption =
          new (std::nothrow) ContentEncryption();
      if (!encryption)
        return -1;

      status = ParseEncryptionEntry(pos, size, pReader, encryption);
      if (status) {
        delete encryption;
        return status;
      }
      *encryption_entries_end_++ = encryption;
    }

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  assert(pos == stop);
  return 0;
}

long ContentEncoding::ParseCompressionEntry(
    long long start,
    long long size,
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    ContentCompression* compression) {
  assert(pReader);
  assert(compression);

  long long pos = start;
  const long long stop = start + size;

  bool valid = false;

  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    const long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                           pos,
                                           stop,
                                           id,
                                           size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;

    if (id == 0x254) {
      // ContentCompAlgo
      long long algo = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
      if (algo < 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
      compression->algo = algo;
      valid = true;
    } else if (id == 0x255) {
      // ContentCompSettings
      if (size <= 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

      const size_t buflen = static_cast<size_t>(size);
      typedef unsigned char* buf_t;
      const buf_t buf = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[buflen];
      if (buf == NULL)
        return -1;

      const int read_status = pReader->Read(pos, buflen, buf);
      if (read_status) {
        delete [] buf;
        return status;
      }

      compression->settings = buf;
      compression->settings_len = buflen;
    }

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  // ContentCompAlgo is mandatory
  if (!valid)
    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

  return 0;
}

long ContentEncoding::ParseEncryptionEntry(
    long long start,
    long long size,
    IMkvReader* pReader,
    ContentEncryption* encryption) {
  assert(pReader);
  assert(encryption);

  long long pos = start;
  const long long stop = start + size;

  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    const long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                           pos,
                                           stop,
                                           id,
                                           size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;

    if (id == 0x7E1) {
      // ContentEncAlgo
      encryption->algo = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
      if (encryption->algo != 5)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
    } else if (id == 0x7E2) {
      // ContentEncKeyID
      delete[] encryption->key_id;
      encryption->key_id = NULL;
      encryption->key_id_len = 0;

      if (size <= 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

      const size_t buflen = static_cast<size_t>(size);
      typedef unsigned char* buf_t;
      const buf_t buf = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[buflen];
      if (buf == NULL)
        return -1;

      const int read_status = pReader->Read(pos, buflen, buf);
      if (read_status) {
        delete [] buf;
        return status;
      }

      encryption->key_id = buf;
      encryption->key_id_len = buflen;
    } else if (id == 0x7E3) {
      // ContentSignature
      delete[] encryption->signature;
      encryption->signature = NULL;
      encryption->signature_len = 0;

      if (size <= 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

      const size_t buflen = static_cast<size_t>(size);
      typedef unsigned char* buf_t;
      const buf_t buf = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[buflen];
      if (buf == NULL)
        return -1;

      const int read_status = pReader->Read(pos, buflen, buf);
      if (read_status) {
        delete [] buf;
        return status;
      }

      encryption->signature = buf;
      encryption->signature_len = buflen;
    } else if (id == 0x7E4) {
      // ContentSigKeyID
      delete[] encryption->sig_key_id;
      encryption->sig_key_id = NULL;
      encryption->sig_key_id_len = 0;

      if (size <= 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

      const size_t buflen = static_cast<size_t>(size);
      typedef unsigned char* buf_t;
      const buf_t buf = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[buflen];
      if (buf == NULL)
        return -1;

      const int read_status = pReader->Read(pos, buflen, buf);
      if (read_status) {
        delete [] buf;
        return status;
      }

      encryption->sig_key_id = buf;
      encryption->sig_key_id_len = buflen;
    } else if (id == 0x7E5) {
      // ContentSigAlgo
      encryption->sig_algo = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
    } else if (id == 0x7E6) {
      // ContentSigHashAlgo
      encryption->sig_hash_algo = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
    } else if (id == 0x7E7) {
      // ContentEncAESSettings
      const long status = ParseContentEncAESSettingsEntry(
          pos,
          size,
          pReader,
          &encryption->aes_settings);
      if (status)
        return status;
    }

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  return 0;
}

Track::Track(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_element_size(element_size),
    content_encoding_entries_(NULL),
    content_encoding_entries_end_(NULL)
{
}

Track::~Track()
{
    Info& info = const_cast<Info&>(m_info);
    info.Clear();

    ContentEncoding** i = content_encoding_entries_;
    ContentEncoding** const j = content_encoding_entries_end_;

    while (i != j) {
        ContentEncoding* const encoding = *i++;
        delete encoding;
    }

    delete [] content_encoding_entries_;
}

long Track::Create(
    Segment* pSegment,
    const Info& info,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size,
    Track*& pResult)
{
    if (pResult)
        return -1;

    Track* const pTrack = new (std::nothrow) Track(pSegment,
                                                   element_start,
                                                   element_size);

    if (pTrack == NULL)
        return -1;  //generic error

    const int status = info.Copy(pTrack->m_info);

    if (status)  // error
    {
        delete pTrack;
        return status;
    }

    pResult = pTrack;
    return 0;  //success
}

Track::Info::Info():
    uid(0),
    defaultDuration(0),
    codecDelay(0),
    seekPreRoll(0),
    nameAsUTF8(NULL),
    language(NULL),
    codecId(NULL),
    codecNameAsUTF8(NULL),
    codecPrivate(NULL),
    codecPrivateSize(0),
    lacing(false)
{
}

Track::Info::~Info()
{
    Clear();
}

void Track::Info::Clear()
{
    delete[] nameAsUTF8;
    nameAsUTF8 = NULL;

    delete[] language;
    language = NULL;

    delete[] codecId;
    codecId = NULL;

    delete[] codecPrivate;
    codecPrivate = NULL;
    codecPrivateSize = 0;

    delete[] codecNameAsUTF8;
    codecNameAsUTF8 = NULL;
}

int Track::Info::CopyStr(char* Info::*str, Info& dst_) const
{
    if (str == static_cast<char* Info::*>(NULL))
        return -1;

    char*& dst = dst_.*str;

    if (dst)  //should be NULL already
        return -1;

    const char* const src = this->*str;

    if (src == NULL)
        return 0;

    const size_t len = strlen(src);

    dst = new (std::nothrow) char[len+1];

    if (dst == NULL)
        return -1;

    strcpy(dst, src);

    return 0;
}


int Track::Info::Copy(Info& dst) const
{
    if (&dst == this)
        return 0;

    dst.type = type;
    dst.number = number;
    dst.defaultDuration = defaultDuration;
    dst.codecDelay = codecDelay;
    dst.seekPreRoll = seekPreRoll;
    dst.uid = uid;
    dst.lacing = lacing;
    dst.settings = settings;

    //We now copy the string member variables from src to dst.
    //This involves memory allocation so in principle the operation
    //can fail (indeed, that's why we have Info::Copy), so we must
    //report this to the caller.  An error return from this function
    //therefore implies that the copy was only partially successful.

    if (int status = CopyStr(&Info::nameAsUTF8, dst))
        return status;

    if (int status = CopyStr(&Info::language, dst))
        return status;

    if (int status = CopyStr(&Info::codecId, dst))
        return status;

    if (int status = CopyStr(&Info::codecNameAsUTF8, dst))
        return status;

    if (codecPrivateSize > 0)
    {
        if (codecPrivate == NULL)
            return -1;

        if (dst.codecPrivate)
            return -1;

        if (dst.codecPrivateSize != 0)
            return -1;

        dst.codecPrivate = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[codecPrivateSize];

        if (dst.codecPrivate == NULL)
            return -1;

        memcpy(dst.codecPrivate, codecPrivate, codecPrivateSize);
        dst.codecPrivateSize = codecPrivateSize;
    }

    return 0;
}

const BlockEntry* Track::GetEOS() const
{
    return &m_eos;
}

long Track::GetType() const
{
    return m_info.type;
}

long Track::GetNumber() const
{
    return m_info.number;
}

unsigned long long Track::GetUid() const
{
    return m_info.uid;
}

const char* Track::GetNameAsUTF8() const
{
    return m_info.nameAsUTF8;
}

const char* Track::GetLanguage() const
{
    return m_info.language;
}

const char* Track::GetCodecNameAsUTF8() const
{
    return m_info.codecNameAsUTF8;
}


const char* Track::GetCodecId() const
{
    return m_info.codecId;
}

const unsigned char* Track::GetCodecPrivate(size_t& size) const
{
    size = m_info.codecPrivateSize;
    return m_info.codecPrivate;
}


bool Track::GetLacing() const
{
    return m_info.lacing;
}

unsigned long long Track::GetDefaultDuration() const
{
    return m_info.defaultDuration;
}

unsigned long long Track::GetCodecDelay() const
{
    return m_info.codecDelay;
}

unsigned long long Track::GetSeekPreRoll() const
{
    return m_info.seekPreRoll;
}

long Track::GetFirst(const BlockEntry*& pBlockEntry) const
{
    const Cluster* pCluster = m_pSegment->GetFirst();

    for (int i = 0; ; )
    {
        if (pCluster == NULL)
        {
            pBlockEntry = GetEOS();
            return 1;
        }

        if (pCluster->EOS())
        {
#if 0
            if (m_pSegment->Unparsed() <= 0)  //all clusters have been loaded
            {
                pBlockEntry = GetEOS();
                return 1;
            }
#else
            if (m_pSegment->DoneParsing())
            {
                pBlockEntry = GetEOS();
                return 1;
            }
#endif

            pBlockEntry = 0;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long status = pCluster->GetFirst(pBlockEntry);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (pBlockEntry == 0)  //empty cluster
        {
            pCluster = m_pSegment->GetNext(pCluster);
            continue;
        }

        for (;;)
        {
            const Block* const pBlock = pBlockEntry->GetBlock();
            assert(pBlock);

            const long long tn = pBlock->GetTrackNumber();

            if ((tn == m_info.number) && VetEntry(pBlockEntry))
                return 0;

            const BlockEntry* pNextEntry;

            status = pCluster->GetNext(pBlockEntry, pNextEntry);

            if (status < 0)  //error
                return status;

            if (pNextEntry == 0)
                break;

            pBlockEntry = pNextEntry;
        }

        ++i;

        if (i >= 100)
            break;

        pCluster = m_pSegment->GetNext(pCluster);
    }

    //NOTE: if we get here, it means that we didn't find a block with
    //a matching track number.  We interpret that as an error (which
    //might be too conservative).

    pBlockEntry = GetEOS();  //so we can return a non-NULL value
    return 1;
}


long Track::GetNext(
    const BlockEntry* pCurrEntry,
    const BlockEntry*& pNextEntry) const
{
    assert(pCurrEntry);
    assert(!pCurrEntry->EOS());  //?

    const Block* const pCurrBlock = pCurrEntry->GetBlock();
    assert(pCurrBlock && pCurrBlock->GetTrackNumber() == m_info.number);
    if (!pCurrBlock || pCurrBlock->GetTrackNumber() != m_info.number)
        return -1;

    const Cluster* pCluster = pCurrEntry->GetCluster();
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(!pCluster->EOS());

    long status = pCluster->GetNext(pCurrEntry, pNextEntry);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    for (int i = 0; ; )
    {
        while (pNextEntry)
        {
            const Block* const pNextBlock = pNextEntry->GetBlock();
            assert(pNextBlock);

            if (pNextBlock->GetTrackNumber() == m_info.number)
                return 0;

            pCurrEntry = pNextEntry;

            status = pCluster->GetNext(pCurrEntry, pNextEntry);

            if (status < 0) //error
                return status;
        }

        pCluster = m_pSegment->GetNext(pCluster);

        if (pCluster == NULL)
        {
            pNextEntry = GetEOS();
            return 1;
        }

        if (pCluster->EOS())
        {
#if 0
            if (m_pSegment->Unparsed() <= 0)   //all clusters have been loaded
            {
                pNextEntry = GetEOS();
                return 1;
            }
#else
            if (m_pSegment->DoneParsing())
            {
                pNextEntry = GetEOS();
                return 1;
            }
#endif

            //TODO: there is a potential O(n^2) problem here: we tell the
            //caller to (pre)load another cluster, which he does, but then he
            //calls GetNext again, which repeats the same search.  This is
            //a pathological case, since the only way it can happen is if
            //there exists a long sequence of clusters none of which contain a
            // block from this track.  One way around this problem is for the
            //caller to be smarter when he loads another cluster: don't call
            //us back until you have a cluster that contains a block from this
            //track. (Of course, that's not cheap either, since our caller
            //would have to scan the each cluster as it's loaded, so that
            //would just push back the problem.)

            pNextEntry = NULL;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        status = pCluster->GetFirst(pNextEntry);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (pNextEntry == NULL)  //empty cluster
            continue;

        ++i;

        if (i >= 100)
            break;
    }

    //NOTE: if we get here, it means that we didn't find a block with
    //a matching track number after lots of searching, so we give
    //up trying.

    pNextEntry = GetEOS();  //so we can return a non-NULL value
    return 1;
}

bool Track::VetEntry(const BlockEntry* pBlockEntry) const
{
    assert(pBlockEntry);
    const Block* const pBlock = pBlockEntry->GetBlock();
    assert(pBlock);
    assert(pBlock->GetTrackNumber() == m_info.number);
    if (!pBlock || pBlock->GetTrackNumber() != m_info.number)
        return false;

    // This function is used during a seek to determine whether the
    // frame is a valid seek target.  This default function simply
    // returns true, which means all frames are valid seek targets.
    // It gets overridden by the VideoTrack class, because only video
    // keyframes can be used as seek target.

    return true;
}

long Track::Seek(
    long long time_ns,
    const BlockEntry*& pResult) const
{
    const long status = GetFirst(pResult);

    if (status < 0)  //buffer underflow, etc
        return status;

    assert(pResult);

    if (pResult->EOS())
        return 0;

    const Cluster* pCluster = pResult->GetCluster();
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->GetIndex() >= 0);

    if (time_ns <= pResult->GetBlock()->GetTime(pCluster))
        return 0;

    Cluster** const clusters = m_pSegment->m_clusters;
    assert(clusters);

    const long count = m_pSegment->GetCount();  //loaded only, not preloaded
    assert(count > 0);

    Cluster** const i = clusters + pCluster->GetIndex();
    assert(i);
    assert(*i == pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

    Cluster** const j = clusters + count;

    Cluster** lo = i;
    Cluster** hi = j;

    while (lo < hi)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[i, lo) <= time_ns
        //[lo, hi) ?
        //[hi, j)  > time_ns

        Cluster** const mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
        assert(mid < hi);

        pCluster = *mid;
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->GetIndex() >= 0);
        assert(pCluster->GetIndex() == long(mid - m_pSegment->m_clusters));

        const long long t = pCluster->GetTime();

        if (t <= time_ns)
            lo = mid + 1;
        else
            hi = mid;

        assert(lo <= hi);
    }

    assert(lo == hi);
    assert(lo > i);
    assert(lo <= j);

    while (lo > i)
    {
        pCluster = *--lo;
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

        pResult = pCluster->GetEntry(this);

        if ((pResult != 0) && !pResult->EOS())
            return 0;

        //landed on empty cluster (no entries)
    }

    pResult = GetEOS();  //weird
    return 0;
}

const ContentEncoding*
Track::GetContentEncodingByIndex(unsigned long idx) const {
  const ptrdiff_t count =
      content_encoding_entries_end_ - content_encoding_entries_;
  assert(count >= 0);

  if (idx >= static_cast<unsigned long>(count))
    return NULL;

  return content_encoding_entries_[idx];
}

unsigned long Track::GetContentEncodingCount() const {
  const ptrdiff_t count =
      content_encoding_entries_end_ - content_encoding_entries_;
  assert(count >= 0);

  return static_cast<unsigned long>(count);
}

long Track::ParseContentEncodingsEntry(long long start, long long size) {
  IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;
  assert(pReader);

  long long pos = start;
  const long long stop = start + size;

  // Count ContentEncoding elements.
  int count = 0;
  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    const long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                           pos,
                                           stop,
                                           id,
                                           size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;


    //pos now designates start of element
    if (id == 0x2240)  // ContentEncoding ID
      ++count;

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  if (count <= 0)
    return -1;

  content_encoding_entries_ = new (std::nothrow) ContentEncoding*[count];
  if (!content_encoding_entries_)
    return -1;

  content_encoding_entries_end_ = content_encoding_entries_;

  pos = start;
  while (pos < stop) {
    long long id, size;
    long status = ParseElementHeader(pReader,
                                     pos,
                                     stop,
                                     id,
                                     size);
    if (status < 0)  //error
      return status;

    //pos now designates start of element
    if (id == 0x2240) { // ContentEncoding ID
      ContentEncoding* const content_encoding =
          new (std::nothrow) ContentEncoding();
      if (!content_encoding)
        return -1;

      status = content_encoding->ParseContentEncodingEntry(pos,
                                                           size,
                                                           pReader);
      if (status) {
        delete content_encoding;
        return status;
      }

      *content_encoding_entries_end_++ = content_encoding;
    }

    pos += size;  //consume payload
    assert(pos <= stop);
  }

  assert(pos == stop);

  return 0;
}

Track::EOSBlock::EOSBlock() :
    BlockEntry(NULL, LONG_MIN)
{
}

BlockEntry::Kind Track::EOSBlock::GetKind() const
{
    return kBlockEOS;
}


const Block* Track::EOSBlock::GetBlock() const
{
    return NULL;
}


VideoTrack::VideoTrack(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    Track(pSegment, element_start, element_size)
{
}


long VideoTrack::Parse(
    Segment* pSegment,
    const Info& info,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size,
    VideoTrack*& pResult)
{
    if (pResult)
        return -1;

    if (info.type != Track::kVideo)
        return -1;

    long long width = 0;
    long long height = 0;
    double rate = 0.0;

    IMkvReader* const pReader = pSegment->m_pReader;

    const Settings& s = info.settings;
    assert(s.start >= 0);
    assert(s.size >= 0);

    long long pos = s.start;
    assert(pos >= 0);

    const long long stop = pos + s.size;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (id == 0x30)  //pixel width
        {
            width = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (width <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x3A)  //pixel height
        {
            height = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (height <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x0383E3)  //frame rate
        {
            const long status = UnserializeFloat(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    rate);

            if (status < 0)
                return status;

            if (rate <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    VideoTrack* const pTrack = new (std::nothrow) VideoTrack(pSegment,
                                                             element_start,
                                                             element_size);

    if (pTrack == NULL)
        return -1;  //generic error

    const int status = info.Copy(pTrack->m_info);

    if (status)  // error
    {
        delete pTrack;
        return status;
    }

    pTrack->m_width = width;
    pTrack->m_height = height;
    pTrack->m_rate = rate;

    pResult = pTrack;
    return 0;  //success
}


bool VideoTrack::VetEntry(const BlockEntry* pBlockEntry) const
{
    return Track::VetEntry(pBlockEntry) && pBlockEntry->GetBlock()->IsKey();
}

long VideoTrack::Seek(
    long long time_ns,
    const BlockEntry*& pResult) const
{
    const long status = GetFirst(pResult);

    if (status < 0)  //buffer underflow, etc
        return status;

    assert(pResult);

    if (pResult->EOS())
        return 0;

    const Cluster* pCluster = pResult->GetCluster();
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->GetIndex() >= 0);

    if (time_ns <= pResult->GetBlock()->GetTime(pCluster))
        return 0;

    Cluster** const clusters = m_pSegment->m_clusters;
    assert(clusters);

    const long count = m_pSegment->GetCount();  //loaded only, not pre-loaded
    assert(count > 0);

    Cluster** const i = clusters + pCluster->GetIndex();
    assert(i);
    assert(*i == pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

    Cluster** const j = clusters + count;

    Cluster** lo = i;
    Cluster** hi = j;

    while (lo < hi)
    {
        //INVARIANT:
        //[i, lo) <= time_ns
        //[lo, hi) ?
        //[hi, j)  > time_ns

        Cluster** const mid = lo + (hi - lo) / 2;
        assert(mid < hi);

        pCluster = *mid;
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->GetIndex() >= 0);
        assert(pCluster->GetIndex() == long(mid - m_pSegment->m_clusters));

        const long long t = pCluster->GetTime();

        if (t <= time_ns)
            lo = mid + 1;
        else
            hi = mid;

        assert(lo <= hi);
    }

    assert(lo == hi);
    assert(lo > i);
    assert(lo <= j);

    pCluster = *--lo;
    assert(pCluster);
    assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

    pResult = pCluster->GetEntry(this, time_ns);

    if ((pResult != 0) && !pResult->EOS())  //found a keyframe
        return 0;

    while (lo != i)
    {
        pCluster = *--lo;
        assert(pCluster);
        assert(pCluster->GetTime() <= time_ns);

#if 0
        //TODO:
        //We need to handle the case when a cluster
        //contains multiple keyframes.  Simply returning
        //the largest keyframe on the cluster isn't
        //good enough.
        pResult = pCluster->GetMaxKey(this);
#else
        pResult = pCluster->GetEntry(this, time_ns);
#endif

        if ((pResult != 0) && !pResult->EOS())
            return 0;
    }

    //weird: we're on the first cluster, but no keyframe found
    //should never happen but we must return something anyway

    pResult = GetEOS();
    return 0;
}


long long VideoTrack::GetWidth() const
{
    return m_width;
}


long long VideoTrack::GetHeight() const
{
    return m_height;
}


double VideoTrack::GetFrameRate() const
{
    return m_rate;
}


AudioTrack::AudioTrack(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    Track(pSegment, element_start, element_size)
{
}


long AudioTrack::Parse(
    Segment* pSegment,
    const Info& info,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size,
    AudioTrack*& pResult)
{
    if (pResult)
        return -1;

    if (info.type != Track::kAudio)
        return -1;

    IMkvReader* const pReader = pSegment->m_pReader;

    const Settings& s = info.settings;
    assert(s.start >= 0);
    assert(s.size >= 0);

    long long pos = s.start;
    assert(pos >= 0);

    const long long stop = pos + s.size;

    double rate = 8000.0;  // MKV default
    long long channels = 1;
    long long bit_depth = 0;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (id == 0x35)  //Sample Rate
        {
            status = UnserializeFloat(pReader, pos, size, rate);

            if (status < 0)
                return status;

            if (rate <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x1F)  //Channel Count
        {
            channels = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (channels <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x2264)  //Bit Depth
        {
            bit_depth = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (bit_depth <= 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    AudioTrack* const pTrack = new (std::nothrow) AudioTrack(pSegment,
                                                             element_start,
                                                             element_size);

    if (pTrack == NULL)
        return -1;  //generic error

    const int status = info.Copy(pTrack->m_info);

    if (status)
    {
        delete pTrack;
        return status;
    }

    pTrack->m_rate = rate;
    pTrack->m_channels = channels;
    pTrack->m_bitDepth = bit_depth;

    pResult = pTrack;
    return 0;  //success
}


double AudioTrack::GetSamplingRate() const
{
    return m_rate;
}


long long AudioTrack::GetChannels() const
{
    return m_channels;
}

long long AudioTrack::GetBitDepth() const
{
    return m_bitDepth;
}

Tracks::Tracks(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long long start,
    long long size_,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_start(start),
    m_size(size_),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_element_size(element_size),
    m_trackEntries(NULL),
    m_trackEntriesEnd(NULL)
{
}


long Tracks::Parse()
{
    assert(m_trackEntries == NULL);
    assert(m_trackEntriesEnd == NULL);

    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;
    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    int count = 0;
    long long pos = m_start;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        if (id == 0x2E)  //TrackEntry ID
            ++count;

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    if (count <= 0)
        return 0;  //success

    m_trackEntries = new (std::nothrow) Track*[count];

    if (m_trackEntries == NULL)
        return -1;

    m_trackEntriesEnd = m_trackEntries;

    pos = m_start;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        const long long element_start = pos;

        long long id, payload_size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                stop,
                                id,
                                payload_size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (payload_size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        const long long payload_stop = pos + payload_size;
        assert(payload_stop <= stop);  //checked in ParseElement

        const long long element_size = payload_stop - element_start;

        if (id == 0x2E)  //TrackEntry ID
        {
            Track*& pTrack = *m_trackEntriesEnd;
            pTrack = NULL;

            const long status = ParseTrackEntry(
                                    pos,
                                    payload_size,
                                    element_start,
                                    element_size,
                                    pTrack);

            if (status)
                return status;

            if (pTrack)
                ++m_trackEntriesEnd;
        }

        pos = payload_stop;
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);

    return 0;  //success
}


unsigned long Tracks::GetTracksCount() const
{
    const ptrdiff_t result = m_trackEntriesEnd - m_trackEntries;
    assert(result >= 0);

    return static_cast<unsigned long>(result);
}

long Tracks::ParseTrackEntry(
    long long track_start,
    long long track_size,
    long long element_start,
    long long element_size,
    Track*& pResult) const
{
    if (pResult)
        return -1;

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long pos = track_start;
    const long long track_stop = track_start + track_size;

    Track::Info info;

    info.type = 0;
    info.number = 0;
    info.uid = 0;
    info.defaultDuration = 0;

    Track::Settings v;
    v.start = -1;
    v.size = -1;

    Track::Settings a;
    a.start = -1;
    a.size = -1;

    Track::Settings e;  //content_encodings_settings;
    e.start = -1;
    e.size = -1;

    long long lacing = 1;  //default is true

    while (pos < track_stop)
    {
        long long id, size;

        const long status = ParseElementHeader(
                                pReader,
                                pos,
                                track_stop,
                                id,
                                size);

        if (status < 0)  //error
            return status;

        if (size < 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        const long long start = pos;

        if (id == 0x60)  // VideoSettings ID
        {
            v.start = start;
            v.size = size;
        }
        else if (id == 0x61)  // AudioSettings ID
        {
            a.start = start;
            a.size = size;
        }
        else if (id == 0x2D80) // ContentEncodings ID
        {
            e.start = start;
            e.size = size;
        }
        else if (id == 0x33C5)  //Track UID
        {
            if (size > 8)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            info.uid = 0;

            long long pos_ = start;
            const long long pos_end = start + size;

            while (pos_ != pos_end)
            {
                unsigned char b;

                const int status = pReader->Read(pos_, 1, &b);

                if (status)
                    return status;

                info.uid <<= 8;
                info.uid |= b;

                ++pos_;
            }
        }
        else if (id == 0x57)  //Track Number
        {
            const long long num = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if ((num <= 0) || (num > 127))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            info.number = static_cast<long>(num);
        }
        else if (id == 0x03)  //Track Type
        {
            const long long type = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if ((type <= 0) || (type > 254))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            info.type = static_cast<long>(type);
        }
        else if (id == 0x136E)  //Track Name
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    info.nameAsUTF8);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x02B59C)  //Track Language
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    info.language);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x03E383)  //Default Duration
        {
            const long long duration = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (duration < 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            info.defaultDuration = static_cast<unsigned long long>(duration);
        }
        else if (id == 0x06)  //CodecID
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    info.codecId);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x1C)  //lacing
        {
            lacing = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if ((lacing < 0) || (lacing > 1))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
        }
        else if (id == 0x23A2)  //Codec Private
        {
            delete[] info.codecPrivate;
            info.codecPrivate = NULL;
            info.codecPrivateSize = 0;

            const size_t buflen = static_cast<size_t>(size);

            if (buflen)
            {
                typedef unsigned char* buf_t;

                const buf_t buf = new (std::nothrow) unsigned char[buflen];

                if (buf == NULL)
                    return -1;

                const int status = pReader->Read(pos, buflen, buf);

                if (status)
                {
                    delete[] buf;
                    return status;
                }

                info.codecPrivate = buf;
                info.codecPrivateSize = buflen;
            }
        }
        else if (id == 0x058688)  //Codec Name
        {
            const long status = UnserializeString(
                                    pReader,
                                    pos,
                                    size,
                                    info.codecNameAsUTF8);

            if (status)
                return status;
        }
        else if (id == 0x16AA)  //Codec Delay
        {
            info.codecDelay = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

        }
        else if (id == 0x16BB) //Seek Pre Roll
        {
            info.seekPreRoll = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= track_stop);
    }

    assert(pos == track_stop);

    if (info.number <= 0)  //not specified
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (GetTrackByNumber(info.number))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (info.type <= 0)  //not specified
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    info.lacing = (lacing > 0) ? true : false;

    if (info.type == Track::kVideo)
    {
        if (v.start < 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (a.start >= 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        info.settings = v;

        VideoTrack* pTrack = NULL;

        const long status = VideoTrack::Parse(m_pSegment,
                                              info,
                                              element_start,
                                              element_size,
                                              pTrack);

        if (status)
            return status;

        pResult = pTrack;
        assert(pResult);

        if (e.start >= 0)
            pResult->ParseContentEncodingsEntry(e.start, e.size);
    }
    else if (info.type == Track::kAudio)
    {
        if (a.start < 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (v.start >= 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        info.settings = a;

        AudioTrack* pTrack = NULL;

        const long status = AudioTrack::Parse(m_pSegment,
                                              info,
                                              element_start,
                                              element_size,
                                              pTrack);

        if (status)
            return status;

        pResult = pTrack;
        assert(pResult);

        if (e.start >= 0)
            pResult->ParseContentEncodingsEntry(e.start, e.size);
    }
    else
    {
        // neither video nor audio - probably metadata or subtitles

        if (a.start >= 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (v.start >= 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (e.start >= 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        info.settings.start = -1;
        info.settings.size = 0;

        Track* pTrack = NULL;

        const long status = Track::Create(m_pSegment,
                                          info,
                                          element_start,
                                          element_size,
                                          pTrack);

        if (status)
            return status;

        pResult = pTrack;
        assert(pResult);
    }

    return 0;  //success
}


Tracks::~Tracks()
{
    Track** i = m_trackEntries;
    Track** const j = m_trackEntriesEnd;

    while (i != j)
    {
        Track* const pTrack = *i++;
        delete pTrack;
    }

    delete[] m_trackEntries;
}

const Track* Tracks::GetTrackByNumber(long tn) const
{
    if (tn < 0)
        return NULL;

    Track** i = m_trackEntries;
    Track** const j = m_trackEntriesEnd;

    while (i != j)
    {
        Track* const pTrack = *i++;

        if (pTrack == NULL)
            continue;

        if (tn == pTrack->GetNumber())
            return pTrack;
    }

    return NULL;  //not found
}


const Track* Tracks::GetTrackByIndex(unsigned long idx) const
{
    const ptrdiff_t count = m_trackEntriesEnd - m_trackEntries;

    if (idx >= static_cast<unsigned long>(count))
         return NULL;

    return m_trackEntries[idx];
}

#if 0
long long Cluster::Unparsed() const
{
    if (m_timecode < 0)  //not even partially loaded
        return LLONG_MAX;

    assert(m_pos >= m_element_start);
    //assert(m_element_size > m_size);

    const long long element_stop = m_element_start + m_element_size;
    assert(m_pos <= element_stop);

    const long long result = element_stop - m_pos;
    assert(result >= 0);

    return result;
}
#endif


long Cluster::Load(long long& pos, long& len) const
{
    assert(m_pSegment);
    assert(m_pos >= m_element_start);

    if (m_timecode >= 0)  //at least partially loaded
        return 0;

    assert(m_pos == m_element_start);
    assert(m_element_size < 0);

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long total, avail;

    const int status = pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));
    assert((total < 0) || (m_pos <= total));  //TODO: verify this

    pos = m_pos;

    long long cluster_size = -1;

    {
        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error or underflow
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //underflow (weird)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        //if ((pos + len) > segment_stop)
        //    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id_ = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id_ < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(id_);

        if (id_ != 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        pos += len;  //consume id

        //read cluster size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        //if ((pos + len) > segment_stop)
        //    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(cluster_size);

        if (size == 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //TODO: verify this

        pos += len;  //consume length of size of element

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size != unknown_size)
            cluster_size = size;
    }

    //pos points to start of payload

#if 0
    len = static_cast<long>(size_);

    if (cluster_stop > avail)
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
#endif

    long long timecode = -1;
    long long new_pos = -1;
    bool bBlock = false;

    long long cluster_stop = (cluster_size < 0) ? -1 : pos + cluster_size;

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos >= cluster_stop))
            break;

        //Parse ID

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id < 0) //error
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        if (id == 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //This is the distinguished set of ID's we use to determine
        //that we have exhausted the sub-element's inside the cluster
        //whose ID we parsed earlier.

        if (id == 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
            break;

        if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
            break;

        pos += len;  //consume ID field

        //Parse Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        pos += len;  //consume size field

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //pos now points to start of payload

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (id == 0x67)  //TimeCode ID
        {
            len = static_cast<long>(size);

            if ((pos + size) > avail)
                return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

            timecode = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);

            if (timecode < 0)  //error (or underflow)
                return static_cast<long>(timecode);

            new_pos = pos + size;

            if (bBlock)
                break;
        }
        else if (id == 0x20)  //BlockGroup ID
        {
            bBlock = true;
            break;
        }
        else if (id == 0x23)  //SimpleBlock ID
        {
            bBlock = true;
            break;
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert((cluster_stop < 0) || (pos <= cluster_stop));
    }

    assert((cluster_stop < 0) || (pos <= cluster_stop));

    if (timecode < 0)  //no timecode found
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (!bBlock)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    m_pos = new_pos;  //designates position just beyond timecode payload
    m_timecode = timecode;  // m_timecode >= 0 means we're partially loaded

    if (cluster_size >= 0)
        m_element_size = cluster_stop - m_element_start;

    return 0;
}


long Cluster::Parse(long long& pos, long& len) const
{
    long status = Load(pos, len);

    if (status < 0)
        return status;

    assert(m_pos >= m_element_start);
    assert(m_timecode >= 0);
    //assert(m_size > 0);
    //assert(m_element_size > m_size);

    const long long cluster_stop =
        (m_element_size < 0) ? -1 : m_element_start + m_element_size;

    if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (m_pos >= cluster_stop))
        return 1;  //nothing else to do

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long total, avail;

    status = pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    pos = m_pos;

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos >= cluster_stop))
            break;

        if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
        {
            if (m_element_size < 0)
                m_element_size = pos - m_element_start;

            break;
        }

        //Parse ID

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id < 0) //error
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        if (id == 0)  //weird
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //This is the distinguished set of ID's we use to determine
        //that we have exhausted the sub-element's inside the cluster
        //whose ID we parsed earlier.

        if ((id == 0x0F43B675) || (id == 0x0C53BB6B)) //Cluster or Cues ID
        {
            if (m_element_size < 0)
                m_element_size = pos - m_element_start;

            break;
        }

        pos += len;  //consume ID field

        //Parse Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        pos += len;  //consume size field

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //pos now points to start of payload

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        //const long long block_start = pos;
        const long long block_stop = pos + size;

        if (cluster_stop >= 0)
        {
            if (block_stop > cluster_stop)
            {
                if ((id == 0x20) || (id == 0x23))
                    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

                pos = cluster_stop;
                break;
            }
        }
        else if ((total >= 0) && (block_stop > total))
        {
            m_element_size = total - m_element_start;
            pos = total;
            break;
        }
        else if (block_stop > avail)
        {
            len = static_cast<long>(size);
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        Cluster* const this_ = const_cast<Cluster*>(this);

        if (id == 0x20)  //BlockGroup
            return this_->ParseBlockGroup(size, pos, len);

        if (id == 0x23)  //SimpleBlock
            return this_->ParseSimpleBlock(size, pos, len);

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert((cluster_stop < 0) || (pos <= cluster_stop));
    }

    assert(m_element_size > 0);

    m_pos = pos;
    assert((cluster_stop < 0) || (m_pos <= cluster_stop));

    if (m_entries_count > 0)
    {
        const long idx = m_entries_count - 1;

        const BlockEntry* const pLast = m_entries[idx];
        assert(pLast);

        const Block* const pBlock = pLast->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        const long long start = pBlock->m_start;

        if ((total >= 0) && (start > total))
            return -1;  //defend against trucated stream

        const long long size = pBlock->m_size;

        const long long stop = start + size;
        assert((cluster_stop < 0) || (stop <= cluster_stop));

        if ((total >= 0) && (stop > total))
            return -1;  //defend against trucated stream
    }

    return 1;  //no more entries
}


long Cluster::ParseSimpleBlock(
    long long block_size,
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    const long long block_start = pos;
    const long long block_stop = pos + block_size;

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long total, avail;

    long status = pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    //parse track number

    if ((pos + 1) > avail)
    {
        len = 1;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

    if (result < 0)  //error
        return static_cast<long>(result);

    if (result > 0)  //weird
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    if ((pos + len) > block_stop)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((pos + len) > avail)
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    const long long track = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (track < 0) //error
        return static_cast<long>(track);

    if (track == 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

#if 0
    //TODO(matthewjheaney)
    //This turned out to be too conservative.  The problem is that
    //if we see a track header in the tracks element with an unsupported
    //track type, we throw that track header away, so it is not present
    //in the track map.  But even though we don't understand the track
    //header, there are still blocks in the cluster with that track
    //number.  It was our decision to ignore that track header, so it's
    //up to us to deal with blocks associated with that track -- we
    //cannot simply report an error since technically there's nothing
    //wrong with the file.
    //
    //For now we go ahead and finish the parse, creating a block entry
    //for this block.  This is somewhat wasteful, because without a
    //track header there's nothing you can do with the block. What
    //we really need here is a special return value that indicates to
    //the caller that he should ignore this particular block, and
    //continue parsing.

    const Tracks* const pTracks = m_pSegment->GetTracks();
    assert(pTracks);

    const long tn = static_cast<long>(track);

    const Track* const pTrack = pTracks->GetTrackByNumber(tn);

    if (pTrack == NULL)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
#endif

    pos += len;  //consume track number

    if ((pos + 2) > block_stop)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((pos + 2) > avail)
    {
        len = 2;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    pos += 2;  //consume timecode

    if ((pos + 1) > block_stop)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((pos + 1) > avail)
    {
        len = 1;
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    unsigned char flags;

    status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &flags);

    if (status < 0)  //error or underflow
    {
        len = 1;
        return status;
    }

    ++pos;  //consume flags byte
    assert(pos <= avail);

    if (pos >= block_stop)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    const int lacing = int(flags & 0x06) >> 1;

    if ((lacing != 0) && (block_stop > avail))
    {
        len = static_cast<long>(block_stop - pos);
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    status = CreateBlock(0x23,  //simple block id
                         block_start, block_size,
                         0);  //DiscardPadding

    if (status != 0)
        return status;

    m_pos = block_stop;

    return 0;  //success
}


long Cluster::ParseBlockGroup(
    long long payload_size,
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    const long long payload_start = pos;
    const long long payload_stop = pos + payload_size;

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long total, avail;

    long status = pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    if ((total >= 0) && (payload_stop > total))
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (payload_stop > avail)
    {
         len = static_cast<long>(payload_size);
         return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
    }

    long long discard_padding = 0;

    while (pos < payload_stop)
    {
        //parse sub-block element ID

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((pos + len) > payload_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id < 0) //error
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        if (id == 0)  //not a value ID
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        pos += len;  //consume ID field

        //Parse Size

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((pos + len) > payload_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        pos += len;  //consume size field

        //pos now points to start of sub-block group payload

        if (pos > payload_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (id == 0x35A2)  //DiscardPadding
        {
            result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

            if (result < 0)  //error
                return static_cast<long>(result);

            status = UnserializeInt(pReader, pos, len, discard_padding);

            if (status < 0)  //error
                return status;
        }

        if (id != 0x21)  //sub-part of BlockGroup is not a Block
        {
            pos += size;  //consume sub-part of block group

            if (pos > payload_stop)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            continue;
        }

        const long long block_stop = pos + size;

        if (block_stop > payload_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //parse track number

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((pos + len) > block_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long track = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (track < 0) //error
            return static_cast<long>(track);

        if (track == 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

#if 0
        //TODO(matthewjheaney)
        //This turned out to be too conservative.  The problem is that
        //if we see a track header in the tracks element with an unsupported
        //track type, we throw that track header away, so it is not present
        //in the track map.  But even though we don't understand the track
        //header, there are still blocks in the cluster with that track
        //number.  It was our decision to ignore that track header, so it's
        //up to us to deal with blocks associated with that track -- we
        //cannot simply report an error since technically there's nothing
        //wrong with the file.
        //
        //For now we go ahead and finish the parse, creating a block entry
        //for this block.  This is somewhat wasteful, because without a
        //track header there's nothing you can do with the block. What
        //we really need here is a special return value that indicates to
        //the caller that he should ignore this particular block, and
        //continue parsing.

        const Tracks* const pTracks = m_pSegment->GetTracks();
        assert(pTracks);

        const long tn = static_cast<long>(track);

        const Track* const pTrack = pTracks->GetTrackByNumber(tn);

        if (pTrack == NULL)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;
#endif

        pos += len;  //consume track number

        if ((pos + 2) > block_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + 2) > avail)
        {
            len = 2;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        pos += 2;  //consume timecode

        if ((pos + 1) > block_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        unsigned char flags;

        status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &flags);

        if (status < 0)  //error or underflow
        {
            len = 1;
            return status;
        }

        ++pos;  //consume flags byte
        assert(pos <= avail);

        if (pos >= block_stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        const int lacing = int(flags & 0x06) >> 1;

        if ((lacing != 0) && (block_stop > avail))
        {
            len = static_cast<long>(block_stop - pos);
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        pos = block_stop;  //consume block-part of block group
        assert(pos <= payload_stop);
    }

    assert(pos == payload_stop);

    status = CreateBlock(0x20,  //BlockGroup ID
                         payload_start, payload_size,
                         discard_padding);
    if (status != 0)
        return status;

    m_pos = payload_stop;

    return 0;  //success
}


long Cluster::GetEntry(long index, const mkvparser::BlockEntry*& pEntry) const
{
    assert(m_pos >= m_element_start);

    pEntry = NULL;

    if (index < 0)
        return -1;  //generic error

    if (m_entries_count < 0)
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

    assert(m_entries);
    assert(m_entries_size > 0);
    assert(m_entries_count <= m_entries_size);

    if (index < m_entries_count)
    {
        pEntry = m_entries[index];
        assert(pEntry);

        return 1;  //found entry
    }

    if (m_element_size < 0)        //we don't know cluster end yet
        return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;  //underflow

    const long long element_stop = m_element_start + m_element_size;

    if (m_pos >= element_stop)
        return 0;  //nothing left to parse

    return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;  //underflow, since more remains to be parsed
}


Cluster* Cluster::Create(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long idx,
    long long off)
    //long long element_size)
{
    assert(pSegment);
    assert(off >= 0);

    const long long element_start = pSegment->m_start + off;

    Cluster* const pCluster = new Cluster(pSegment,
                                          idx,
                                          element_start);
                                          //element_size);
    assert(pCluster);

    return pCluster;
}


Cluster::Cluster() :
    m_pSegment(NULL),
    m_element_start(0),
    m_index(0),
    m_pos(0),
    m_element_size(0),
    m_timecode(0),
    m_entries(NULL),
    m_entries_size(0),
    m_entries_count(0)  //means "no entries"
{
}


Cluster::Cluster(
    Segment* pSegment,
    long idx,
    long long element_start
    /* long long element_size */ ) :
    m_pSegment(pSegment),
    m_element_start(element_start),
    m_index(idx),
    m_pos(element_start),
    m_element_size(-1 /* element_size */ ),
    m_timecode(-1),
    m_entries(NULL),
    m_entries_size(0),
    m_entries_count(-1)  //means "has not been parsed yet"
{
}


Cluster::~Cluster()
{
    if (m_entries_count <= 0)
        return;

    BlockEntry** i = m_entries;
    BlockEntry** const j = m_entries + m_entries_count;

    while (i != j)
    {
         BlockEntry* p = *i++;
         assert(p);

         delete p;
    }

    delete[] m_entries;
}


bool Cluster::EOS() const
{
    return (m_pSegment == NULL);
}


long Cluster::GetIndex() const
{
    return m_index;
}


long long Cluster::GetPosition() const
{
    const long long pos = m_element_start - m_pSegment->m_start;
    assert(pos >= 0);

    return pos;
}


long long Cluster::GetElementSize() const
{
    return m_element_size;
}


#if 0
bool Cluster::HasBlockEntries(
    const Segment* pSegment,
    long long off)  //relative to start of segment payload
{
    assert(pSegment);
    assert(off >= 0);  //relative to segment

    IMkvReader* const pReader = pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long pos = pSegment->m_start + off;  //absolute
    long long size;

    {
        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        (void)id;
        assert(id >= 0);
        assert(id == 0x0F43B675);  //Cluster ID

        pos += len;  //consume id

        size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size > 0);

        pos += len;  //consume size

        //pos now points to start of payload
    }

    const long long stop = pos + size;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long len;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume id

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume size

        if (id == 0x20)  //BlockGroup ID
            return true;

        if (id == 0x23)  //SimpleBlock ID
            return true;

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    return false;
}
#endif


long Cluster::HasBlockEntries(
    const Segment* pSegment,
    long long off,  //relative to start of segment payload
    long long& pos,
    long& len)
{
    assert(pSegment);
    assert(off >= 0);  //relative to segment

    IMkvReader* const pReader = pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long total, avail;

    long status = pReader->Length(&total, &avail);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    assert((total < 0) || (avail <= total));

    pos = pSegment->m_start + off;  //absolute

    if ((total >= 0) && (pos >= total))
        return 0;  //we don't even have a complete cluster

    const long long segment_stop =
        (pSegment->m_size < 0) ? -1 : pSegment->m_start + pSegment->m_size;

    long long cluster_stop = -1;  //interpreted later to mean "unknown size"

    {
        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //need more data
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((total >= 0) && ((pos + len) > total))
            return 0;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        if (id != 0x0F43B675)  //weird: not cluster ID
            return -1;         //generic error

        pos += len;  //consume Cluster ID field

        //read size field

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //weird
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((segment_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > segment_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((total >= 0) && ((pos + len) > total))
            return 0;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        if (size == 0)
            return 0;  //cluster does not have entries

        pos += len;  //consume size field

        //pos now points to start of payload

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size != unknown_size)
        {
            cluster_stop = pos + size;
            assert(cluster_stop >= 0);

            if ((segment_stop >= 0) && (cluster_stop > segment_stop))
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if ((total >= 0) && (cluster_stop > total))
                //return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //too conservative
                return 0;  //cluster does not have any entries
        }
    }

    for (;;)
    {
        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos >= cluster_stop))
            return 0;  //no entries detected

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        long long result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //need more data
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (id < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(id);

        //This is the distinguished set of ID's we use to determine
        //that we have exhausted the sub-element's inside the cluster
        //whose ID we parsed earlier.

        if (id == 0x0F43B675)  //Cluster ID
            return 0;  //no entries found

        if (id == 0x0C53BB6B)  //Cues ID
            return 0;  //no entries found

        pos += len;  //consume id field

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos >= cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        //read size field

        if ((pos + 1) > avail)
        {
            len = 1;
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;
        }

        result = GetUIntLength(pReader, pos, len);

        if (result < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(result);

        if (result > 0)  //underflow
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + len) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > avail)
            return E_BUFFER_NOT_FULL;

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (size < 0)  //error
            return static_cast<long>(size);

        pos += len;  //consume size field

        //pos now points to start of payload

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && (pos > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (size == 0)  //weird
            continue;

        const long long unknown_size = (1LL << (7 * len)) - 1;

        if (size == unknown_size)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;  //not supported inside cluster

        if ((cluster_stop >= 0) && ((pos + size) > cluster_stop))
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (id == 0x20)  //BlockGroup ID
            return 1;    //have at least one entry

        if (id == 0x23)  //SimpleBlock ID
            return 1;    //have at least one entry

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert((cluster_stop < 0) || (pos <= cluster_stop));
    }
}


long long Cluster::GetTimeCode() const
{
    long long pos;
    long len;

    const long status = Load(pos, len);

    if (status < 0) //error
        return status;

    return m_timecode;
}


long long Cluster::GetTime() const
{
    const long long tc = GetTimeCode();

    if (tc < 0)
        return tc;

    const SegmentInfo* const pInfo = m_pSegment->GetInfo();
    assert(pInfo);

    const long long scale = pInfo->GetTimeCodeScale();
    assert(scale >= 1);

    const long long t = m_timecode * scale;

    return t;
}


long long Cluster::GetFirstTime() const
{
    const BlockEntry* pEntry;

    const long status = GetFirst(pEntry);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    if (pEntry == NULL)  //empty cluster
        return GetTime();

    const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
    assert(pBlock);

    return pBlock->GetTime(this);
}


long long Cluster::GetLastTime() const
{
    const BlockEntry* pEntry;

    const long status = GetLast(pEntry);

    if (status < 0)  //error
        return status;

    if (pEntry == NULL)  //empty cluster
        return GetTime();

    const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
    assert(pBlock);

    return pBlock->GetTime(this);
}


long Cluster::CreateBlock(
    long long id,
    long long pos,   //absolute pos of payload
    long long size,
    long long discard_padding)
{
    assert((id == 0x20) || (id == 0x23));  //BlockGroup or SimpleBlock

    if (m_entries_count < 0)  //haven't parsed anything yet
    {
        assert(m_entries == NULL);
        assert(m_entries_size == 0);

        m_entries_size = 1024;
        m_entries = new BlockEntry*[m_entries_size];

        m_entries_count = 0;
    }
    else
    {
        assert(m_entries);
        assert(m_entries_size > 0);
        assert(m_entries_count <= m_entries_size);

        if (m_entries_count >= m_entries_size)
        {
            const long entries_size = 2 * m_entries_size;

            BlockEntry** const entries = new BlockEntry*[entries_size];
            assert(entries);

            BlockEntry** src = m_entries;
            BlockEntry** const src_end = src + m_entries_count;

            BlockEntry** dst = entries;

            while (src != src_end)
                *dst++ = *src++;

            delete[] m_entries;

            m_entries = entries;
            m_entries_size = entries_size;
        }
    }

    if (id == 0x20)  //BlockGroup ID
        return CreateBlockGroup(pos, size, discard_padding);
    else  //SimpleBlock ID
        return CreateSimpleBlock(pos, size);
}


long Cluster::CreateBlockGroup(
    long long start_offset,
    long long size,
    long long discard_padding)
{
    assert(m_entries);
    assert(m_entries_size > 0);
    assert(m_entries_count >= 0);
    assert(m_entries_count < m_entries_size);

    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    long long pos = start_offset;
    const long long stop = start_offset + size;

    //For WebM files, there is a bias towards previous reference times
    //(in order to support alt-ref frames, which refer back to the previous
    //keyframe).  Normally a 0 value is not possible, but here we tenatively
    //allow 0 as the value of a reference frame, with the interpretation
    //that this is a "previous" reference time.

    long long prev = 1;  //nonce
    long long next = 0;  //nonce
    long long duration = -1;  //really, this is unsigned

    long long bpos = -1;
    long long bsize = -1;

    while (pos < stop)
    {
        long len;
        const long long id = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(id >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume ID

        const long long size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);
        assert(size >= 0);  //TODO
        assert((pos + len) <= stop);

        pos += len;  //consume size

        if (id == 0x21) //Block ID
        {
            if (bpos < 0) //Block ID
            {
                bpos = pos;
                bsize = size;
            }
        }
        else if (id == 0x1B)  //Duration ID
        {
            assert(size <= 8);

            duration = UnserializeUInt(pReader, pos, size);
            assert(duration >= 0);  //TODO
        }
        else if (id == 0x7B)  //ReferenceBlock
        {
            assert(size <= 8);
            const long size_ = static_cast<long>(size);

            long long time;

            long status = UnserializeInt(pReader, pos, size_, time);
            assert(status == 0);
            if (status != 0)
                return -1;

            if (time <= 0)  //see note above
                prev = time;
            else  //weird
                next = time;
        }

        pos += size;  //consume payload
        assert(pos <= stop);
    }

    assert(pos == stop);
    assert(bpos >= 0);
    assert(bsize >= 0);

    const long idx = m_entries_count;

    BlockEntry** const ppEntry = m_entries + idx;
    BlockEntry*& pEntry = *ppEntry;

    pEntry = new (std::nothrow) BlockGroup(
                                  this,
                                  idx,
                                  bpos,
                                  bsize,
                                  prev,
                                  next,
                                  duration,
                                  discard_padding);

    if (pEntry == NULL)
        return -1;  //generic error

    BlockGroup* const p = static_cast<BlockGroup*>(pEntry);

    const long status = p->Parse();

    if (status == 0)  //success
    {
        ++m_entries_count;
        return 0;
    }

    delete pEntry;
    pEntry = 0;

    return status;
}



long Cluster::CreateSimpleBlock(
    long long st,
    long long sz)
{
    assert(m_entries);
    assert(m_entries_size > 0);
    assert(m_entries_count >= 0);
    assert(m_entries_count < m_entries_size);

    const long idx = m_entries_count;

    BlockEntry** const ppEntry = m_entries + idx;
    BlockEntry*& pEntry = *ppEntry;

    pEntry = new (std::nothrow) SimpleBlock(this, idx, st, sz);

    if (pEntry == NULL)
        return -1;  //generic error

    SimpleBlock* const p = static_cast<SimpleBlock*>(pEntry);

    const long status = p->Parse();

    if (status == 0)
    {
        ++m_entries_count;
        return 0;
    }

    delete pEntry;
    pEntry = 0;

    return status;
}


long Cluster::GetFirst(const BlockEntry*& pFirst) const
{
    if (m_entries_count <= 0)
    {
        long long pos;
        long len;

        const long status = Parse(pos, len);

        if (status < 0)  //error
        {
            pFirst = NULL;
            return status;
        }

        if (m_entries_count <= 0)  //empty cluster
        {
            pFirst = NULL;
            return 0;
        }
    }

    assert(m_entries);

    pFirst = m_entries[0];
    assert(pFirst);

    return 0;  //success
}

long Cluster::GetLast(const BlockEntry*& pLast) const
{
    for (;;)
    {
        long long pos;
        long len;

        const long status = Parse(pos, len);

        if (status < 0)  //error
        {
            pLast = NULL;
            return status;
        }

        if (status > 0)  //no new block
            break;
    }

    if (m_entries_count <= 0)
    {
        pLast = NULL;
        return 0;
    }

    assert(m_entries);

    const long idx = m_entries_count - 1;

    pLast = m_entries[idx];
    assert(pLast);

    return 0;
}


long Cluster::GetNext(
    const BlockEntry* pCurr,
    const BlockEntry*& pNext) const
{
    assert(pCurr);
    assert(m_entries);
    assert(m_entries_count > 0);

    size_t idx = pCurr->GetIndex();
    assert(idx < size_t(m_entries_count));
    assert(m_entries[idx] == pCurr);

    ++idx;

    if (idx >= size_t(m_entries_count))
    {
        long long pos;
        long len;

        const long status = Parse(pos, len);

        if (status < 0)  //error
        {
            pNext = NULL;
            return status;
        }

        if (status > 0)
        {
            pNext = NULL;
            return 0;
        }

        assert(m_entries);
        assert(m_entries_count > 0);
        assert(idx < size_t(m_entries_count));
    }

    pNext = m_entries[idx];
    assert(pNext);

    return 0;
}


long Cluster::GetEntryCount() const
{
    return m_entries_count;
}


const BlockEntry* Cluster::GetEntry(
    const Track* pTrack,
    long long time_ns) const
{
    assert(pTrack);

    if (m_pSegment == NULL)  //this is the special EOS cluster
        return pTrack->GetEOS();

#if 0

    LoadBlockEntries();

    if ((m_entries == NULL) || (m_entries_count <= 0))
        return NULL;  //return EOS here?

    const BlockEntry* pResult = pTrack->GetEOS();

    BlockEntry** i = m_entries;
    assert(i);

    BlockEntry** const j = i + m_entries_count;

    while (i != j)
    {
        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = *i++;
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if (pBlock->GetTrackNumber() != pTrack->GetNumber())
            continue;

        if (pTrack->VetEntry(pEntry))
        {
            if (time_ns < 0)  //just want first candidate block
                return pEntry;

            const long long ns = pBlock->GetTime(this);

            if (ns > time_ns)
                break;

            pResult = pEntry;
        }
        else if (time_ns >= 0)
        {
            const long long ns = pBlock->GetTime(this);

            if (ns > time_ns)
                break;
        }
    }

    return pResult;

#else

    const BlockEntry* pResult = pTrack->GetEOS();

    long index = 0;

    for (;;)
    {
        if (index >= m_entries_count)
        {
            long long pos;
            long len;

            const long status = Parse(pos, len);
            assert(status >= 0);

            if (status > 0)  //completely parsed, and no more entries
                return pResult;

            if (status < 0)  //should never happen
                return 0;

            assert(m_entries);
            assert(index < m_entries_count);
        }

        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = m_entries[index];
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if (pBlock->GetTrackNumber() != pTrack->GetNumber())
        {
            ++index;
            continue;
        }

        if (pTrack->VetEntry(pEntry))
        {
            if (time_ns < 0)  //just want first candidate block
                return pEntry;

            const long long ns = pBlock->GetTime(this);

            if (ns > time_ns)
                return pResult;

            pResult = pEntry;  //have a candidate
        }
        else if (time_ns >= 0)
        {
            const long long ns = pBlock->GetTime(this);

            if (ns > time_ns)
                return pResult;
        }

        ++index;
    }

#endif
}


const BlockEntry*
Cluster::GetEntry(
    const CuePoint& cp,
    const CuePoint::TrackPosition& tp) const
{
    assert(m_pSegment);

#if 0

    LoadBlockEntries();

    if (m_entries == NULL)
        return NULL;

    const long long count = m_entries_count;

    if (count <= 0)
        return NULL;

    const long long tc = cp.GetTimeCode();

    if ((tp.m_block > 0) && (tp.m_block <= count))
    {
        const size_t block = static_cast<size_t>(tp.m_block);
        const size_t index = block - 1;

        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = m_entries[index];
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if ((pBlock->GetTrackNumber() == tp.m_track) &&
            (pBlock->GetTimeCode(this) == tc))
        {
            return pEntry;
        }
    }

    const BlockEntry* const* i = m_entries;
    const BlockEntry* const* const j = i + count;

    while (i != j)
    {
#ifdef _DEBUG
        const ptrdiff_t idx = i - m_entries;
        idx;
#endif

        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = *i++;
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if (pBlock->GetTrackNumber() != tp.m_track)
            continue;

        const long long tc_ = pBlock->GetTimeCode(this);
        assert(tc_ >= 0);

        if (tc_ < tc)
            continue;

        if (tc_ > tc)
            return NULL;

        const Tracks* const pTracks = m_pSegment->GetTracks();
        assert(pTracks);

        const long tn = static_cast<long>(tp.m_track);
        const Track* const pTrack = pTracks->GetTrackByNumber(tn);

        if (pTrack == NULL)
            return NULL;

        const long long type = pTrack->GetType();

        if (type == 2)  //audio
            return pEntry;

        if (type != 1)  //not video
            return NULL;

        if (!pBlock->IsKey())
            return NULL;

        return pEntry;
    }

    return NULL;

#else

    const long long tc = cp.GetTimeCode();

    if (tp.m_block > 0)
    {
        const long block = static_cast<long>(tp.m_block);
        const long index = block - 1;

        while (index >= m_entries_count)
        {
            long long pos;
            long len;

            const long status = Parse(pos, len);

            if (status < 0)  //TODO: can this happen?
                return NULL;

            if (status > 0)  //nothing remains to be parsed
                return NULL;
        }

        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = m_entries[index];
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if ((pBlock->GetTrackNumber() == tp.m_track) &&
            (pBlock->GetTimeCode(this) == tc))
        {
            return pEntry;
        }
    }

    long index = 0;

    for (;;)
    {
        if (index >= m_entries_count)
        {
            long long pos;
            long len;

            const long status = Parse(pos, len);

            if (status < 0)  //TODO: can this happen?
                return NULL;

            if (status > 0)  //nothing remains to be parsed
                return NULL;

            assert(m_entries);
            assert(index < m_entries_count);
        }

        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = m_entries[index];
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if (pBlock->GetTrackNumber() != tp.m_track)
        {
            ++index;
            continue;
        }

        const long long tc_ = pBlock->GetTimeCode(this);

        if (tc_ < tc)
        {
            ++index;
            continue;
        }

        if (tc_ > tc)
            return NULL;

        const Tracks* const pTracks = m_pSegment->GetTracks();
        assert(pTracks);

        const long tn = static_cast<long>(tp.m_track);
        const Track* const pTrack = pTracks->GetTrackByNumber(tn);

        if (pTrack == NULL)
            return NULL;

        const long long type = pTrack->GetType();

        if (type == 2)  //audio
            return pEntry;

        if (type != 1)  //not video
            return NULL;

        if (!pBlock->IsKey())
            return NULL;

        return pEntry;
    }

#endif

}


#if 0
const BlockEntry* Cluster::GetMaxKey(const VideoTrack* pTrack) const
{
    assert(pTrack);

    if (m_pSegment == NULL)  //EOS
        return pTrack->GetEOS();

    LoadBlockEntries();

    if ((m_entries == NULL) || (m_entries_count <= 0))
        return pTrack->GetEOS();

    BlockEntry** i = m_entries + m_entries_count;
    BlockEntry** const j = m_entries;

    while (i != j)
    {
        const BlockEntry* const pEntry = *--i;
        assert(pEntry);
        assert(!pEntry->EOS());

        const Block* const pBlock = pEntry->GetBlock();
        assert(pBlock);

        if (pBlock->GetTrackNumber() != pTrack->GetNumber())
            continue;

        if (pBlock->IsKey())
            return pEntry;
    }

    return pTrack->GetEOS();  //no satisfactory block found
}
#endif


BlockEntry::BlockEntry(Cluster* p, long idx) :
    m_pCluster(p),
    m_index(idx)
{
}


BlockEntry::~BlockEntry()
{
}


bool BlockEntry::EOS() const
{
    return (GetKind() == kBlockEOS);
}


const Cluster* BlockEntry::GetCluster() const
{
    return m_pCluster;
}


long BlockEntry::GetIndex() const
{
    return m_index;
}


SimpleBlock::SimpleBlock(
    Cluster* pCluster,
    long idx,
    long long start,
    long long size) :
    BlockEntry(pCluster, idx),
    m_block(start, size, 0)
{
}


long SimpleBlock::Parse()
{
    return m_block.Parse(m_pCluster);
}


BlockEntry::Kind SimpleBlock::GetKind() const
{
    return kBlockSimple;
}


const Block* SimpleBlock::GetBlock() const
{
    return &m_block;
}


BlockGroup::BlockGroup(
    Cluster* pCluster,
    long idx,
    long long block_start,
    long long block_size,
    long long prev,
    long long next,
    long long duration,
    long long discard_padding) :
    BlockEntry(pCluster, idx),
    m_block(block_start, block_size, discard_padding),
    m_prev(prev),
    m_next(next),
    m_duration(duration)
{
}


long BlockGroup::Parse()
{
    const long status = m_block.Parse(m_pCluster);

    if (status)
        return status;

    m_block.SetKey((m_prev > 0) && (m_next <= 0));

    return 0;
}


#if 0
void BlockGroup::ParseBlock(long long start, long long size)
{
    IMkvReader* const pReader = m_pCluster->m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    Block* const pBlock = new Block(start, size, pReader);
    assert(pBlock);  //TODO

    //TODO: the Matroska spec says you have multiple blocks within the
    //same block group, with blocks ranked by priority (the flag bits).

    assert(m_pBlock == NULL);
    m_pBlock = pBlock;
}
#endif


BlockEntry::Kind BlockGroup::GetKind() const
{
    return kBlockGroup;
}


const Block* BlockGroup::GetBlock() const
{
    return &m_block;
}


long long BlockGroup::GetPrevTimeCode() const
{
    return m_prev;
}


long long BlockGroup::GetNextTimeCode() const
{
    return m_next;
}

long long BlockGroup::GetDurationTimeCode() const
{
    return m_duration;
}

Block::Block(long long start, long long size_, long long discard_padding) :
    m_start(start),
    m_size(size_),
    m_track(0),
    m_timecode(-1),
    m_flags(0),
    m_frames(NULL),
    m_frame_count(-1),
    m_discard_padding(discard_padding)
{
}


Block::~Block()
{
    delete[] m_frames;
}


long Block::Parse(const Cluster* pCluster)
{
    if (pCluster == NULL)
        return -1;

    if (pCluster->m_pSegment == NULL)
        return -1;

    assert(m_start >= 0);
    assert(m_size >= 0);
    assert(m_track <= 0);
    assert(m_frames == NULL);
    assert(m_frame_count <= 0);

    long long pos = m_start;
    const long long stop = m_start + m_size;

    long len;

    IMkvReader* const pReader = pCluster->m_pSegment->m_pReader;

    m_track = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

    if (m_track <= 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if ((pos + len) > stop)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    pos += len;  //consume track number

    if ((stop - pos) < 2)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    long status;
    long long value;

    status = UnserializeInt(pReader, pos, 2, value);

    if (status)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (value < SHRT_MIN)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    if (value > SHRT_MAX)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    m_timecode = static_cast<short>(value);

    pos += 2;

    if ((stop - pos) <= 0)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &m_flags);

    if (status)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    const int lacing = int(m_flags & 0x06) >> 1;

    ++pos;  //consume flags byte

    if (lacing == 0)  //no lacing
    {
        if (pos > stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        m_frame_count = 1;
        m_frames = new Frame[m_frame_count];

        Frame& f = m_frames[0];
        f.pos = pos;

        const long long frame_size = stop - pos;

        if (frame_size > LONG_MAX)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        f.len = static_cast<long>(frame_size);

        return 0;  //success
    }

    if (pos >= stop)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    unsigned char biased_count;

    status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &biased_count);

    if (status)
        return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

    ++pos;  //consume frame count
    assert(pos <= stop);

    m_frame_count = int(biased_count) + 1;

    m_frames = new Frame[m_frame_count];
    assert(m_frames);

    if (lacing == 1)  //Xiph
    {
        Frame* pf = m_frames;
        Frame* const pf_end = pf + m_frame_count;

        long size = 0;
        int frame_count = m_frame_count;

        while (frame_count > 1)
        {
            long frame_size = 0;

            for (;;)
            {
                unsigned char val;

                if (pos >= stop)
                    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

                status = pReader->Read(pos, 1, &val);

                if (status)
                    return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

                ++pos;  //consume xiph size byte

                frame_size += val;

                if (val < 255)
                    break;
            }

            Frame& f = *pf++;
            assert(pf < pf_end);

            f.pos = 0;  //patch later

            f.len = frame_size;
            size += frame_size;  //contribution of this frame

            --frame_count;
        }

        assert(pf < pf_end);
        assert(pos <= stop);

        {
            Frame& f = *pf++;

            if (pf != pf_end)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            f.pos = 0;  //patch later

            const long long total_size = stop - pos;

            if (total_size < size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            const long long frame_size = total_size - size;

            if (frame_size > LONG_MAX)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            f.len = static_cast<long>(frame_size);
        }

        pf = m_frames;
        while (pf != pf_end)
        {
            Frame& f = *pf++;
            assert((pos + f.len) <= stop);

            f.pos = pos;
            pos += f.len;
        }

        assert(pos == stop);
    }
    else if (lacing == 2)  //fixed-size lacing
    {
        const long long total_size = stop - pos;

        if ((total_size % m_frame_count) != 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        const long long frame_size = total_size / m_frame_count;

        if (frame_size > LONG_MAX)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        Frame* pf = m_frames;
        Frame* const pf_end = pf + m_frame_count;

        while (pf != pf_end)
        {
            assert((pos + frame_size) <= stop);

            Frame& f = *pf++;

            f.pos = pos;
            f.len = static_cast<long>(frame_size);

            pos += frame_size;
        }

        assert(pos == stop);
    }
    else
    {
        assert(lacing == 3);  //EBML lacing

        if (pos >= stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        long size = 0;
        int frame_count = m_frame_count;

        long long frame_size = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

        if (frame_size < 0)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if (frame_size > LONG_MAX)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        if ((pos + len) > stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        pos += len; //consume length of size of first frame

        if ((pos + frame_size) > stop)
            return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

        Frame* pf = m_frames;
        Frame* const pf_end = pf + m_frame_count;

        {
            Frame& curr = *pf;

            curr.pos = 0;  //patch later

            curr.len = static_cast<long>(frame_size);
            size += curr.len;  //contribution of this frame
        }

        --frame_count;

        while (frame_count > 1)
        {
            if (pos >= stop)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            assert(pf < pf_end);

            const Frame& prev = *pf++;
            assert(prev.len == frame_size);
            if (prev.len != frame_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            assert(pf < pf_end);

            Frame& curr = *pf;

            curr.pos = 0;  //patch later

            const long long delta_size_ = ReadUInt(pReader, pos, len);

            if (delta_size_ < 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if ((pos + len) > stop)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            pos += len;  //consume length of (delta) size
            assert(pos <= stop);

            const int exp = 7*len - 1;
            const long long bias = (1LL << exp) - 1LL;
            const long long delta_size = delta_size_ - bias;

            frame_size += delta_size;

            if (frame_size < 0)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            if (frame_size > LONG_MAX)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            curr.len = static_cast<long>(frame_size);
            size += curr.len;  //contribution of this frame

            --frame_count;
        }

        {
            assert(pos <= stop);
            assert(pf < pf_end);

            const Frame& prev = *pf++;
            assert(prev.len == frame_size);
            if (prev.len != frame_size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            assert(pf < pf_end);

            Frame& curr = *pf++;
            assert(pf == pf_end);

            curr.pos = 0;  //patch later

            const long long total_size = stop - pos;

            if (total_size < size)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            frame_size = total_size - size;

            if (frame_size > LONG_MAX)
                return E_FILE_FORMAT_INVALID;

            curr.len = static_cast<long>(frame_size);
        }

        pf = m_frames;
        while (pf != pf_end)
        {
            Frame& f = *pf++;
            assert((pos + f.len) <= stop);

            f.pos = pos;
            pos += f.len;
        }

        assert(pos == stop);
    }

    return 0;  //success
}


long long Block::GetTimeCode(const Cluster* pCluster) const
{
    if (pCluster == 0)
        return m_timecode;

    const long long tc0 = pCluster->GetTimeCode();
    assert(tc0 >= 0);

    const long long tc = tc0 + m_timecode;

    return tc;  //unscaled timecode units
}


long long Block::GetTime(const Cluster* pCluster) const
{
    assert(pCluster);

    const long long tc = GetTimeCode(pCluster);

    const Segment* const pSegment = pCluster->m_pSegment;
    const SegmentInfo* const pInfo = pSegment->GetInfo();
    assert(pInfo);

    const long long scale = pInfo->GetTimeCodeScale();
    assert(scale >= 1);

    const long long ns = tc * scale;

    return ns;
}


long long Block::GetTrackNumber() const
{
    return m_track;
}


bool Block::IsKey() const
{
    return ((m_flags & static_cast<unsigned char>(1 << 7)) != 0);
}


void Block::SetKey(bool bKey)
{
    if (bKey)
        m_flags |= static_cast<unsigned char>(1 << 7);
    else
        m_flags &= 0x7F;
}


bool Block::IsInvisible() const
{
    return bool(int(m_flags & 0x08) != 0);
}


Block::Lacing Block::GetLacing() const
{
    const int value = int(m_flags & 0x06) >> 1;
    return static_cast<Lacing>(value);
}


int Block::GetFrameCount() const
{
    return m_frame_count;
}


const Block::Frame& Block::GetFrame(int idx) const
{
    assert(idx >= 0);
    assert(idx < m_frame_count);

    const Frame& f = m_frames[idx];
    assert(f.pos > 0);
    assert(f.len > 0);

    return f;
}


long Block::Frame::Read(IMkvReader* pReader, unsigned char* buf) const
{
    assert(pReader);
    assert(buf);

    const long status = pReader->Read(pos, len, buf);
    return status;
}

long long Block::GetDiscardPadding() const
{
    return m_discard_padding;
}

}  //end namespace mkvparser