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<article id="post-使用Unix日志" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<a href="/2015/06/04/使用Unix日志/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2015-06-04T02:48:29.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-06-04</time>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2015/06/04/使用Unix日志/">使用Unix日志</a>
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<p><em>discription</em></p>
<h2 id="<!-0->">使用Unix日志</h2><h3 id="openlog">openlog</h3><p>void openlog(const char *ident, int option, int facility);</p>
<p>此函数用来打开一个到系统日志记录程序的连接，打开之后就可以用syslog或vsyslog函数向系统日志里添加信息了。而closelog函数就是用来关闭此连接的。</p>
<p>第一个参数ident是一个标记，ident所表示的字符串将固定地加在每行日志的前面以标识这个日志，通常就写成当前程序的名称以作标记。</p>
<p>第二个参数option一般是下列选项值取“与”运算(使用“|”表示，如“LOG_CONS | LOG_PID”)的结果：</p>
<ul>
<li>LOG_CONS：如果送到system logger时发生问题，直接写入系统终端;</li>
<li>LOG_NDELAY：立即开启连接，通常连接是在第一次写入消息时才打开的;</li>
<li>LOG_PERROR：将消息也同时送到stderr设备;</li>
<li>LOG_PID：将进程PID含入所有消息中。</li>
</ul>
<p>第三个参数facility指明记录日志的程序的类型，它主要具有如下几类日志类型：</p>
<ul>
<li>LOG_AUTH ：安全/授权消息</li>
<li>LOG_AUTHPRIV：安全/授权消息</li>
<li>LOG_CRON：时间守护进程(cron和at)专用</li>
<li>LOG_DAEMON：其它系统守护进程</li>
<li>LOG_KERN：核心消息</li>
<li>LOG_LOCAL0到LOG_LOCAL7：系统保留</li>
<li>LOG_LPR：printer子系统</li>
<li>LOG_MAIL：mail子系统</li>
<li>LOG_NEWS：USENET新闻子系统</li>
<li>LOG_SYSLOG：syslogd进程内部所产生的消息</li>
<li>LOG_USER(缺省)：一般使用者缺省使用消息</li>
<li>LOG_UUCP：UUCP子系统</li>
<li>LOG_FTP：FTP子系统使用</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="syslog">syslog</h3><p>void syslog(int priority, const char * message, …);</p>
<p>在实际使用中，如果我们的程序要使用系统日志功能，只需要在程序启动时使用openlog函数来连接syslogd程序，后面随时用syslog函数写日志就行了。</p>
<p>第一个参数是消息的紧急级别priority,它是由severity level和facility组成的。Facility已经在上面介绍了，下面介绍一下severity level，也就是消息的重要级别，它主要包括：</p>
<ul>
<li>LOG_EMERG：紧急状况</li>
<li>LOG_ALERT：高优先级问题，比如说数据库崩溃等，必须要立即采取反应行动</li>
<li>LOG_CRIT：重要状况发生，比如硬件故障</li>
<li>LOG_ERR：错误发生</li>
<li>LOG_WARNING：警告发生</li>
<li>LOG_NOTICE：一般状况，需要引起注意</li>
<li>LOG_INFO：信息状况</li>
<li>LOG_DEBUG：调试消息</li>
</ul>
<p>第二个参数是消息及其格式，之后是格式对应的参数，如同C语言里面printf输出函数一样使用</p>
<h3 id="closelog">closelog</h3><p>void closelog( void );</p>
<p>关闭打开的系统日志连接</p>
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<article id="post-unix下创建守护进程" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<a href="/2015/06/03/unix下创建守护进程/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2015-06-03T02:37:42.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-06-03</time>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2015/06/03/unix下创建守护进程/">unix下创建守护进程</a>
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<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<p>守护进程(daemon), 表示后台运行的程序，一般随系统的启动自动地启动且在用户logoff后仍然能够继续运行。该daemon进程一般在启动后需要与父进程断开关系，并使进程没有控制终端（tty）。因为daemon程序在后台执行，不需要于终端交互，通常就关闭STDIN、STDOUT和STDER。daemon无法输出信息，可以使用syslog或自己的日志系统进行日志处理。</p>
<p>## </p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><stdio.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><stdlib.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><unistd.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><fcntl.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><sys/types.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><sys/stat.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> *argv[])</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> *log_file = <span class="string">"main.log"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> count = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span>(fork()) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"I hava the world, I am %d\n"</span>, getpid());</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> -<span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"fork failed\n"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">default</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"Now, the world is the kid's, Goodbye!\n"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//创建新的会话</span></span><br><span class="line"> setsid();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//设置新的权限掩码</span></span><br><span class="line"> umask(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//更改当前目录</span></span><br><span class="line"> chdir(<span class="string">"/tmp"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//打开新的文件接收程序的的输出</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> fd_log = open(log_file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, <span class="number">0777</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (fd_log == -<span class="number">1</span>){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"fail to open %s\n"</span>, log_file);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//关闭默认打开的标准输入、输出、错误文件</span></span><br><span class="line"> close(STDIN_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> close(STDOUT_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> close(STDERR_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//绑定日志文件到子进程的标准输出</span></span><br><span class="line"> dup2(fd_log, STDIN_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> dup2(fd_log, STDOUT_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> dup2(fd_log, STDERR_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(<span class="number">1</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"This come form %d, #%d\n"</span>, getpid(), count);</span><br><span class="line"> sleep(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> count++;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>也可以使用函数的方法</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><stdio.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><stdlib.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><unistd.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><fcntl.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><sys/types.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><sys/stat.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="preprocessor">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string"><syslog.h></span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">daemonize</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">switch</span>(fork()) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="number">0</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">case</span> -<span class="number">1</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">exit</span>(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">default</span>:</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">exit</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//创建新的会话</span></span><br><span class="line"> setsid();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//设置新的权限掩码</span></span><br><span class="line"> umask(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//更改当前目录</span></span><br><span class="line"> chdir(<span class="string">"/tmp"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//关闭默认打开的标准输入、输出、错误文件</span></span><br><span class="line"> close(STDIN_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> close(STDOUT_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> close(STDERR_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span> argc, <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> *argv[])</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> *log_file = <span class="string">"main.log"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> count = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"father %d\n"</span>, getpid());</span><br><span class="line"> daemonize();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//打开新的文件接收程序的的输出</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> fd_log = open(log_file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, <span class="number">0777</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (fd_log == -<span class="number">1</span>){</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//绑定日志文件到子进程的标准输出</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//当在主进程中没有对标准输入输出进行过读写操作，即使绑定新的文件到标准输入输出，</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">//在子进程中对标准输入输出的的操作也不会生效</span></span><br><span class="line"> dup2(fd_log, STDIN_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> dup2(fd_log, STDOUT_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"> dup2(fd_log, STDERR_FILENO);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">while</span>(<span class="number">1</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="built_in">printf</span>(<span class="string">"This come form %d, #%d\n"</span>, getpid(), count);</span><br><span class="line"> sleep(<span class="number">5</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> count++;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<article id="post-Mac下弹出气泡通知" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<a href="/2015/05/23/Mac下弹出气泡通知/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2015-05-23T10:03:25.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-05-23</time>
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<header class="article-header">
<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2015/05/23/Mac下弹出气泡通知/">Mac下弹出气泡通知</a>
</h1>
</header>
<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<p>在Mac上，有时需要将比较耗时的工作放在terminal下执行，我们希望程序执行完成后能通知我们。Mac的通知中心做的很不错，我们可以借助通知中心来通知我们。但苹果没有提供termial下操作通知中心的工具，我们可以借助工具 terminal-notifier来实现。</p>
<h2 id="下载terminal-notifier">下载terminal-notifier</h2><pre><code>[<span class="link_label">terminal-notifier</span>](<span class="link_url">https://github.com/alloy/terminal-notifier</span>)
安装方法参考github上的项目说明文档
</code></pre><h2 id="使用terminal-notifier">使用terminal-notifier</h2><p>terminal-notifier -[message|list|remove] [VALUE|ID|ID] [options]</p>
<ul>
<li>title VALUE 通知的标题，默认为“Terminal”</li>
<li>subtitle VALUE 副标题</li>
<li>sound NAME 通知出现时播放的声音，使用”default”来使用系统默认声音，声音名为”Preferences”-“Sound”</li>
<li>group ID 字符，消息的组名</li>
<li>activate ID 指定点击通知时打开的应用的bundle</li>
<li>sender ID 指定发送通知的应用的bundle</li>
<li>appIcon URL 指定通知上显示的图标</li>
<li>contentImage URL 指定通知内消息的图片</li>
<li>open URL 指定点击通知时打开的链接</li>
<li>execute COMMAND 指定点击通知时执行的命令</li>
</ul>
<p>我写的一个打开pdf文件的脚本</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="shebang">#!/bin/sh</span><br><span class="line"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#通过launchctl启动脚本，环境变量只有系统路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">echo</span> `date +%H:%M\ %D`</span><br><span class="line">PATH=<span class="string">"<span class="variable">$PATH</span>:/usr/local/bin"</span></span><br><span class="line">CMD=<span class="string">"open -a /Applications/Skim.app /Users/uniflor/Documents/文档/Linux\ Kernel\ Development.pdf"</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#显示通知，第一个参数为消息的内容，第二个参数为消息的标题</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="title">notify</span></span>(){</span><br><span class="line"> terminal-notifier -message <span class="string">"<span class="variable">$1</span>"</span> -title <span class="string">"<span class="variable">$2</span>"</span> -appIcon /Users/uniflor/B<span class="keyword">in</span>/notification.png -execute <span class="string">"<span class="variable">$3</span>"</span></span><br><span class="line">}</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">notify <span class="string">"Linux Kernel Development"</span> <span class="string">"通知"</span> <span class="string">"<span class="variable">$CMD</span>"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<article id="post-Linux-Bridge" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
<div class="article-meta">
<a href="/2015/05/23/Linux-Bridge/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2015-05-23T04:28:27.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-05-23</time>
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<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2015/05/23/Linux-Bridge/">Linux Bridge</a>
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<p><em>discription</em></p>
<h2 id="<!-0->">Linux Bridge</h2>
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<article id="post-SVN忽略文件" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
<div class="article-meta">
<a href="/2015/05/21/SVN忽略文件/" class="article-date">
<time datetime="2015-05-21T10:29:48.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-05-21</time>
</a>
<div class="article-category">
<a class="article-category-link" href="/categories/工具/">工具</a>►<a class="article-category-link" href="/categories/工具/SVN/">SVN</a>
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<header class="article-header">
<h1 itemprop="name">
<a class="article-title" href="/2015/05/21/SVN忽略文件/">SVN忽略文件</a>
</h1>
</header>
<div class="article-entry" itemprop="articleBody">
<p>如何忽略subversion中的文件或目录</p>
<h2 id="文件或目录未添加到版本控制">文件或目录未添加到版本控制</h2><p>文件或目录还未添加到版本控制，那我们忽略它们的目的，就是在提交时不想在看到他们。无论是要忽略文件不是文件夹，我们都要对它们的父目录进行操作。有如下文件结构：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>project</p>
<ul>
<li>src<ul>
<li>main.c</li>
<li>lib.c</li>
<li>lib.h</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>demo<ul>
<li>1.c</li>
<li>2.c</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>log</li>
<li>.svn</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>忽略文件夹以文件下的所有文件<br>demo, demo/1.c, demo/2.c都还未添加到版本控制，现在我们想要忽略文件夹demo,以及demo下的现有文件或将来会添加的文件，我们可以执行操作：</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> project</span><br><span class="line">svn propedit svn:ignore .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在打开的文件中添加一行，写入：demo, 每一行一个匹配模式</p>
<ul>
<li>忽略文件<br>log文件还未添加到版本库，现在想要忽略它</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> project</span><br><span class="line">svn propedit svn:ignore .</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在打开的文件中添加一行，写入：log</p>
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<article id="post-云计算" class="article article-type-post" itemscope itemprop="blogPost">
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<time datetime="2015-05-20T05:14:24.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2015-05-20</time>
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<a class="article-title" href="/2015/05/20/云计算/">云计算</a>
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<h2 id="云相关">云相关</h2><ul>
<li><p>云计算架构</p>
</li>
<li><p>数据中心架构</p>
</li>
<li><p>Hadoop</p>
</li>
<li><p>Hbase</p>
</li>
<li><p>Hive</p>
</li>
<li><p>MongDB</p>
</li>
<li><p>NoSQL</p>
</li>
<li><p>XEN</p>
</li>
<li><p>KVM</p>
</li>
<li><p>VMware</p>
</li>
<li><p>Docker</p>
</li>
<li><p>Cloud Foundry</p>
</li>
<li><p>Eucalyptus</p>
</li>
<li><p>OpenStack</p>
</li>
<li><p>OpenNEbula</p>
</li>
<li><p>SPARK</p>
</li>
<li><p>STORM</p>
</li>
<li><p>MAP-DEDUCE</p>
</li>
<li><p>BIGTABLE</p>
</li>
</ul>
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