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Vi/Vim Cheatsheet

Andrew Pennebaker

https://github.com/mcandre/cheatsheets/blob/master/vim.md

About

Vim is a highly customizable command line and graphical text editor.

Documentation

Emergency vi

Vim Tips Wiki

vi and Vim Editors Pocket Reference

Vim Genius

VIM Adventures

The Vi Lovers Home Page

Install

$ apt-get install vim

$ brew install macvim --override-system-vim && brew linkapps

C:\> chocolatey install vim

By default, Ubuntu uses the vim.tiny, which lacks support for arrow key navigation. Use apt-get install vim to upgrade to full vim with arrow key support.

Configure

$HOME/.vimrc

%HOME%/_vimrc

Reference Dotfile

Repositories / Plugins

vim-plug

Basic Commands

Modes

Normal

By default, Vim begins in Normal mode, for entering commands. To issue a command, type Colon, then the command, then Enter. This is represented in Vim documentation with the notation :command.

Insert

From Normal mode, press i to switch to Insert mode. Then begin typing text.

To return to Normal mode, press ESC.

Visual

From Normal mode, press v to switch to Visual mode. This also allows highlighting text by moving the cursor.

To return to Normal mode, press ESC.

Open or Refresh File/Directory

$ vi <file/dir>

$ vi
:e <file/dir>

View File

$ view <file/dir>

Windows

C:\> vim <file/dir>

gitbash$ vim <file/dir>

Save

:w

Save As...

:w <filename>

:o

Save all buffers

:wa

Reload buffer from file system contents

:e

Quit

:q

Force Quit

:q!

Quit all windows

:qa

Forcibly quit all windows

:qa!

Undo

u

Redo

Control+r

Cancel Vim Command

ESC

Buffers

Create Buffer in Current Window

:enew

Set buffer mode

:set syntax=<name>

Find (until end of buffer)

/<term>

n next match.

Find and Replace (until end of buffer)

:%s/<term>/<replacement>/gc

a - replaces all occurences.

y - replaces current match.

n - skips over current match.

Search in Directory

:grep <term> *.?<file extensions>

Hotkey syntax

http://vimhelp.appspot.com/intro.txt.html#key-notation

Repeat Command

:%<command>

Clipboard

Vim will integrate with the OS clipboard, provided that +clipboard is enabled at compile time, and:

set clipboard=unnamed

is configured in vimrc.

Cut Line

dd

Cut to End of Line

D

Cut selected text

  1. Use Visual mode (v) and arrow keys to select text.
  2. d - Cut, y - Copy

Copy Lines

yy[n]

Copy all lines

:%y Enter

Paste Lines

p

Paste Lines (Insert)

Control+r, +

Navigation

Move Cursor

Arrow keys may also be used, but they require a full vim package, provided by default in some Unix installations but not all.

Left (Visual)

h

Down (Visual)

j

Up (Visual)

k

Right (Visual)

l

Start of Line

I

End of Line

A

Start of Line (Visual)

0

End of Line (Visual)

$

Back one Word (non-punctuation characters)

b

Forward one Word (non-punctuation characters)

Page Up

Control+b

Page Down

Control+f

Go to Line

:<n>

<n>G

Go to Start of File

:1

Or

gg

Go to End of File

G

Or

G$

Insert Line Below

o

Insert Line Above

O

Insert Unicode Literal

Control+v u <n>

Delete

x

Help

:h '<term>

Windows

Split Windows into Top vs Bottom

Control+w, s

Switch Window into Left vs Right

Control+W, v

Switch to Next Window

Control+w, Control+w

Close Window

:hide

Switch buffer

:b <name>

Toggle commenting

  1. Select text with Visual mode (v).
  2. Press gc.

Or

  1. Navigate to the desired line.
  2. Press gcc.

Indent selection

>

Dedent selection

<

Open Shell

:sh

Close Shell

Control+d

Fix common problems

Vim doesn't have the most intuitive defaults. Here are some snippets you can insert into your $HOME/.vimrc / $HOME/_vimrc in order to fix common problems.

Delete (backspace) broken in insert mode in Mac OS X

set backspace=2

Or use MacVim

Lack of line numbers

set number

Lack of syntax highlighting

syntax on

Code folding too deep

set foldmethod=syntax
set foldcolumn=1
set foldlevelstart=20

For more helpful snippets, see https://github.com/mcandre/dotfiles/blob/master/.vimrc

Enable Byte Order Marker (BOM)

set bomb

Other repositories

Alternatives

  • vi is a precursor to Vim, often installed by default on Unix systems like busybox.
  • Nano has a much easier learning curve than Vim.
  • Emacs is comparable to Vim in power, and operates as if in insert mode all of the time.