docs: add transport security troubleshooting guide

Author: pranjalbhatia710

docs/transport-security.md

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Transport Security
+
+HTTP-based MCP transports include optional DNS rebinding protection. This protects local servers from browser-based requests that try to reach a local MCP endpoint through an unexpected `Host` or `Origin` header.
+
+## When protection is enabled automatically
+
+For Streamable HTTP and SSE apps, the SDK enables DNS rebinding protection automatically when the app is created for a loopback host:
+
+- `127.0.0.1`
+- `localhost`
+- `::1`
+
+In that mode, the SDK allows loopback hosts and origins with any port, such as `localhost:*` and `127.0.0.1:*`.
+
+## Understanding `421 Invalid Host header`
+
+A `421 Invalid Host header` response means DNS rebinding protection is enabled and the incoming `Host` header is not in `allowed_hosts`.
+
+This commonly happens when a local server is reached through a different hostname, for example:
+
+- a reverse proxy
+- a tunnel
+- a container or Kubernetes ingress
+- a custom development domain
+
+Configure the expected external host instead of disabling protection by default.
+
+```python
+from mcp.server.transport_security import TransportSecuritySettings
+
+transport_security = TransportSecuritySettings(
+    enable_dns_rebinding_protection=True,
+    allowed_hosts=["mcp.example.com"],
+    allowed_origins=["https://mcp.example.com"],
+)
+
+app = server.streamable_http_app(
+    host="0.0.0.0",
+    transport_security=transport_security,
+)
+```
+
+## Allowing development ports
+
+Use a `:*` suffix when the port changes between runs:
+
+```python
+from mcp.server.transport_security import TransportSecuritySettings
+
+transport_security = TransportSecuritySettings(
+    enable_dns_rebinding_protection=True,
+    allowed_hosts=["localhost:*", "127.0.0.1:*"],
+    allowed_origins=["http://localhost:*", "http://127.0.0.1:*"],
+)
+```
+
+The wildcard only matches the port portion. For example, `localhost:*` allows `localhost:8000`, not arbitrary hostnames.
+
+## Origin handling
+
+Requests without an `Origin` header are allowed because same-origin and non-browser clients may omit it.
+
+If an `Origin` header is present and not allowed, the SDK returns `403 Invalid Origin header`.
+
+## Disabling protection
+
+Only disable DNS rebinding protection when another trusted layer already validates requests, such as a reverse proxy or gateway that enforces the expected host and origin.
+
+```python
+from mcp.server.transport_security import TransportSecuritySettings
+
+transport_security = TransportSecuritySettings(
+    enable_dns_rebinding_protection=False,
+)
+```
+
+Prefer configuring `allowed_hosts` and `allowed_origins` whenever possible.

mkdocs.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ nav:
       - Concepts: concepts.md
       - Low-Level Server: low-level-server.md
       - Authorization: authorization.md
+      - Transport Security: transport-security.md
       - Testing: testing.md
   - API Reference: api/