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Variables and Functions
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Multi-Line Variables
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Target-Specific Variables
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<b>2.3.</b>
Automatic Variables
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Substitution References
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Directives
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<b>4.1.</b>
Conditional Directives
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Double-Colon Rules
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<b>5.2.</b>
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<b>5.3.</b>
Static Pattern Rules
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Recipes
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<b>5.5.</b>
DAG
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Special Targets
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Recursive Make
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<b>9.</b>
One DAG
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<b>10.</b>
Parallel Execution
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<b>11.</b>
Built-in Functions
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<b>11.1.</b>
Text Functions
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<b>11.2.</b>
File Name Functions
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<b>11.3.</b>
Conditional Functions
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<b>11.4.</b>
Foreach Function
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<b>11.5.</b>
File Function
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<b>11.6.</b>
Call Function
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<b>11.7.</b>
Eval Function
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<b>11.8.</b>
Value Function
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<b>11.9.</b>
Origin Function
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<b>11.10.</b>
Flavor Function
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<b>11.11.</b>
Make Control Functions
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<b>11.12.</b>
Shell Function
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<b>12.</b>
Command-line Options
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<b>13.</b>
Debugging
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Tips
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<section class="normal" id="section-">
<h1 id="directives">Directives</h1>
<h4 id="export-unexport">export, unexport</h4>
<p>이 지시자는 shell 의 export 명령과 동일하게 변수를 export 하거나 unexport 할 때 사용합니다.
변수를 export 하면 sub-make 에서도 사용할 수 있게 됩니다.
한가지 특수 기능은 export 지시자를 변수명 없이 단독으로 사용하게 되면 모든 변수가 디폴트로 export 됩니다.
이때는 <code>.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:</code> 타겟과 마찬가지로 변수명이 대, 소문자, 숫자, <code>_</code> 로 구성된 변수만 export 됩니다.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>특수문자로 구성된 변수를 export 하려면 직접 export 지시자를 사용해야 합니다.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile"><span class="hljs-comment"># Avoid funny character set dependencies // linux/Makefile 참조</span>
unexport LC_ALL
<span class="hljs-constant">LC_COLLATE</span>=C
<span class="hljs-constant">LC_NUMERIC</span>=C
export LC_COLLATE LC_NUMERIC
<span class="hljs-comment"># Avoid interference with shell env settings</span>
unexport GREP_OPTIONS
</code></pre>
<h4 id="define----endef">define . . . endef</h4>
<p>Multi-line 변수, 함수를 정의할 때 사용합니다.</p>
<h4 id="undefine">undefine</h4>
<p>변수를 undefined 상태로 만듭니다. 따라서 조건문에서 empty 가되어 false 가 됩니다.
이것은 단순히 변수값을 empty 로 만들어도 같은 결과가 발생하지만
<code>flavor</code>, <code>origin</code> 함수에서는 <code>undefined</code> 상태가 구분되므로 필요할 경우 사용하면 됩니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile"><span class="hljs-comment"># command line 에서 설정한 변수를 undefine 하려면 override 지시자와 함께 사용하면 됩니다.</span>
override undefine CFLAGS
</code></pre>
<h4 id="include">include</h4>
<p><a href="include.html">include 메뉴 참조</a></p>
<h4 id="override">override</h4>
<p><a href="builtin_functions/origin_function.html#override">origin 함수의 override 참조</a></p>
<h4 id="private">private</h4>
<p><a href="target_specific_variables.html#private">target-specific variables 메뉴 private 참조</a></p>
<p><a name="vpath"></a></p>
<h4 id="vpath-지시자-vpath-변수-기능">vpath 지시자, VPATH 변수 기능</h4>
<p>rule 작성시 prerequisites 에 등록한 파일이 현재 디렉토리에 없을 경우 검색할 경로를 지정할 수 있습니다.
경로를 설정할 때는 공백이나 <code>:</code> 문자로 구분하여 작성하고 작성된 순서대로 검색하게 됩니다.
recipe 를 작성할 때는 <code>$<</code> , <code>$^</code> 같은 automatic 변수를 사용해서 작성해야 합니다.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>VPATH 변수는 target-specific 변수로 설정해 사용할 수 없습니다.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile"><span class="hljs-comment"># 먼저 현재 디렉토리를 찾고 없을 경우 module1/dir, module2/dir 순서로 찾는다.</span>
<span class="hljs-constant">VPATH</span> := module1/dir module2/dir
prog : aaa.c aaa.h foo/bbb.c
@echo $^
<span class="hljs-comment">######## 실행 결과 ########</span>
module1/dir/aaa.c module1/dir/aaa.h module2/dir/foo/bbb.c
</code></pre>
<p>vpath 지시자를 이용하면 <code>%</code> 패턴을 사용하여 지정할 수 있습니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile">vpath %.xml resource/xml
vpath %.html resource/html
prog : foo.xml bar.xml zoo.html
@echo $^
<span class="hljs-comment">######### 실행 결과 #########</span>
resource/xml/foo.xml resource/xml/bar.xml resource/html/zoo.html
</code></pre>
<p>prerequisites 에는 <code>-lname</code> 형식의 라이브러리를 등록할 수도 있습니다.
그러면 <a href="special_variables.html#libpatterns">.LIBPATTERNS</a> 변수에 설정된 패턴에 따라
현재 디렉토리에서 <code>libname.so</code> -> <code>libname.a</code> 순으로 찾고 없으면
<code>vpath</code> -> <code>VPATH</code> -> <code>/lib</code> -> <code>/usr/lib</code> -> <code>/usr/local/lib</code> 에서 찾게 됩니다.
다른 prerequisites 과 동일하게 라이브러리 파일이 타겟 파일 보다 최신이면 recipe 가 실행됩니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile">prog : foo.c -lcurses
@echo gcc $^ -o $@
<span class="hljs-comment">####### 실행 결과 #######</span>
gcc foo.c /usr/lib/libcurses.a -o prog
</code></pre>
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