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<b>2.1.</b>
Multi-Line Variables
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Built-in Functions
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<b>11.1.</b>
Text Functions
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<b>11.2.</b>
File Name Functions
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Conditional Functions
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Foreach Function
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File Function
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<b>11.6.</b>
Call Function
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<b>11.7.</b>
Eval Function
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<b>11.8.</b>
Value Function
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Origin Function
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Flavor Function
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Make Control Functions
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Shell Function
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<section class="normal" id="section-">
<h1 id="multiline-variables">Multi-Line Variables</h1>
<p>make 은 기본적으로 라인 단위이므로 변수값을 설정할 때 newline 이 포함되지 않습니다.
하지만 <code>define</code> ~ <code>endef</code> 지시자를 이용하면 newline 을 포함할 수 있습니다.
변수명 뒤에는 대입 연산자가 올 수 있는데 생략할 경우 <code>=</code> recusive 연산자가 사용됩니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile"><span class="hljs-comment"># 변수, 함수 값으로 newline 을 사용할 수 있다. # 인수를 전달할때 newline 을 사용</span>
define foo := define foo foo = $(info [$1] [$2] [$3])
111 $(info 111 define bar
222 222 $(call foo,1
333 333) 11,2
endef endef 22,3
33)
$(info $(foo)) $(foo) endef
<span class="hljs-comment">#### 실행 결과 #### #### 실행 결과 #### </span>
111 111 $(bar)
222 222 <span class="hljs-comment">#### 실행 결과 ####</span>
333 333 [1
11] [2
22] [3
33]
</code></pre>
<h4 id="실행-중에-동적으로-rule-을-정의">실행 중에 동적으로 rule 을 정의</h4>
<p>multi-line 변수를 이용하면 실행 중에 동적으로 rule 을 정의할 수 있습니다.
아래 예제의 경우 call 함수 실행에 의해 <code>$1</code> 는 첫 번째 인수 값인 <code>t1</code> 이 되고
<code>$2</code> 는 두 번째 인수 값인 <code>p1 p2 p3</code> 가 됩니다.
<code>$$</code> 변수는 <code>$</code> 문자로 변경되므로 최종적으로 <code>$@</code> 와 <code>$^</code> 가 eval 함수로 전달되어
rule 이 정의됩니다.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>rule 정의는 global 영역에서 완료되는 것으로 recipe 실행 중에는 동적으로 정의할 수 없습니다.</p>
</blockquote>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile">define onerule
$1 : $2
@echo target: $$@, prerequisites: $$^
endef
$(eval $(call onerule,t1,p1 p2 p3)) <span class="hljs-comment"># eval 함수를 사용</span>
.DEFAULT: ;
<span class="hljs-comment">############# 실행 결과 #############</span>
target: t1, prerequisites: p1 p2 p3
</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p>테스트할 때 오류가 발생하면 recipe 앞의 tab 문자를 확인해 보세요</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="multiline-변수가-recipe-에서-사용될-경우">multi-line 변수가 recipe 에서 사용될 경우</h4>
<p>multi-line 변수라도 recipe 에서 사용될 경우는 각 라인별로 shell 프로세스가 생성되어 실행됩니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile"> define foo
define foo $(if 111, <span class="hljs-comment"># if 함수 사용</span>
echo shell PID: $$$$ echo shell PID: $$$$
echo shell PID: $$$$ echo shell PID: $$$$
echo shell PID: $$$$ echo shell PID: $$$$)
endef endef
all : foo :
@$(foo) @$(foo)
<span class="hljs-comment">###### 실행 결과 ###### ###### 실행 결과 ###### </span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 각 라인 별로 shell PID 가 다르다. # 각 라인 별로 shell PID 가 다르다. </span>
shell PID: 18426 shell PID: 11206
shell PID: 18427 shell PID: 11207
shell PID: 18428 shell PID: 11208
</code></pre>
<p>명령이 모두 하나의 shell 프로세스에서 실행되게 하려면
다음과 같이 하나의 라인으로 작성해야 합니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile">define foo
echo shell PID: $$$$; \
echo shell PID: $$$$; \
echo shell PID: $$$$
endef
all :
@$(foo)
<span class="hljs-comment">##### 실행 결과 #####</span>
shell PID: 18550 <span class="hljs-comment"># 동일한 shell PID</span>
shell PID: 18550
shell PID: 18550
</code></pre>
<h4 id="변수-작성시--comment-문자">변수 작성시 <code>#</code> comment 문자</h4>
<p>multi-line 변수를 작성할 때는 <code>#</code> 문자가 주석으로 기능하지 않고 그대로 값으로 사용됩니다.
따라서 아래 첫 번째 예제에서 foo 변수값은 <code>#</code> 문자와 newline 이 됩니다.
( info 함수는 반환값이 empty 이므로 )</p>
<pre><code>define foo define foo
#$(info 111) #
$(info 222) endef
$(info 333)
endef bar :
@echo 111 222
$(info xxx$(foo)yyy) @echo 333 $(foo) 444
### 실행 결과 ### ### 실행 결과 ###
111 <--- 주석 처리가 안된다 111 222
222 333 # shell 에서 '#' 문자가
333 # 주석으로 처리된다.
xxx#
yyy
</code></pre><p><a name="newline"></a></p>
<h4 id="newline-변수를-정의하는-방법">newline 변수를 정의하는 방법</h4>
<p>one-line 변수 정의에서는 기본적으로 newline 이 모두 space 로 변경되기 때문에
newline 문자를 값으로 갖는 변수를 정의할 수 없습니다.
따라서 이때는 multi-line 변수를 이용해야 합니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-makefile"> define nl :=
<span class="hljs-comment"># newline 들이 space 로 변경된다.</span>
$ make -f - <<\@ 2> /dev/null | od -a
<span class="hljs-constant">AA</span> != printf 'X\012\012\012X' endef
$(info Y$(AA)Y) $(info aaa$(nl)bbb)
@ <span class="hljs-comment">###### 실행 결과 ######</span>
0000000 Y X sp sp sp X Y nl aaa
0000010 bbb
</code></pre>
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