diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 2c458b9a..4511f709 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ dev = [
   { include-group = "docs" },
 ]
 
+# hatch
+
 [tool.hatch.build]
 exclude = [
   "**/@test",
@@ -105,6 +107,8 @@ skip-excluded-dirs = true
 [tool.hatch.build.targets.wheel]
 packages = ["src/_numtype", "src/numtype", "src/numpy-stubs"]
 
+# mypy
+
 [tool.mypy]
 mypy_path = "src"
 strict = true
@@ -115,6 +119,8 @@ local_partial_types = true
 warn_incomplete_stub = true
 warn_unreachable = false
 
+# (based)pyright
+
 [tool.pyright]
 include = ["src", "tool"]
 ignore = [".venv"]
@@ -165,6 +171,8 @@ reportPrivateLocalImportUsage = true
 reportUnannotatedClassAttribute = false
 strictGenericNarrowing = true
 
+# ruff
+
 [tool.ruff]
 src = ["src", "tool"]
 extend-exclude = [".git", ".mypy_cache", ".tox", ".venv"]
@@ -182,10 +190,8 @@ ignore = ["CPY", "FIX002", "COM812"]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 "*.pyi" = [
-  "N", # pep8-naming
   "TD", # flake8-todo
-  "COM812", # flake8-commas: missing-trailing-comma
-  "PLC2701", # pylint/convention: import-private-name
+  # "PLC2701", # pylint/convention: import-private-name
 ]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.flake8-builtins]
@@ -224,6 +230,8 @@ convention = "numpy"
 [tool.ruff.lint.pylint]
 allow-dunder-method-names = ["__array__", "__array_ufunc__"]
 
+# pytest
+
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
 minversion = "8.0"
 addopts = ["-ra", "--strict-config", "--strict-markers"]
@@ -231,9 +239,10 @@ filterwarnings = ["error"]
 log_cli_level = "INFO"
 xfail_strict = true
 
-# install tox with `uv tool install tox --with tox-uv --upgrade`
-# and run with `uvx tox p`
+# tox
+
 [tool.tox]
+# install with `uv tool install tox --with tox-uv --upgrade` and run with `uvx tox p`
 min_version = "4"
 requires = ["tox-uv>=1"]
 env_list = [
@@ -295,6 +304,8 @@ commands = [
   ],
 ]
 
+# typos
+
 [tool.typos]
 
 [tool.typos.default]
diff --git a/src/_numtype/@test/test_can_array_0d.pyi b/src/_numtype/@test/test_can_array_0d.pyi
index 217047a9..57a8248d 100644
--- a/src/_numtype/@test/test_can_array_0d.pyi
+++ b/src/_numtype/@test/test_can_array_0d.pyi
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ can_ld_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.longdouble] = np.longdouble()
 can_c8_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.complex64] = np.complex64()
 can_c16_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.complex128] = np.complex128()
 can_cld_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.clongdouble] = np.clongdouble()
-can_O_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.object_] = np.empty((), np.object_)
-can_M_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.datetime64] = np.datetime64(None)
-can_m_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.timedelta64] = np.timedelta64(None)
-can_S_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.bytes_] = np.bytes_(b"")
-can_U_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.str_] = np.str_("")
-can_V_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.void] = np.void(b"")
+can_obj_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.object_] = np.empty((), np.object_)
+can_dt_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.datetime64] = np.datetime64(None)
+can_td_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.timedelta64] = np.timedelta64(None)
+can_bytes_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.bytes_] = np.bytes_(b"")
+can_str_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.str_] = np.str_("")
+can_void_0d: _nt.CanArray0D[np.void] = np.void(b"")
diff --git a/src/_numtype/@test/test_rank_shape.pyi b/src/_numtype/@test/test_rank_shape.pyi
index 6cf950dd..59cd14b7 100644
--- a/src/_numtype/@test/test_rank_shape.pyi
+++ b/src/_numtype/@test/test_rank_shape.pyi
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from typing import assert_type
 
-import _numtype as _nt
+import _numtype as _nt  # noqa: PLC2701
 
 # TODO: remove the `# type: ignore`s once python/mypy#19110 is fixed
 
diff --git a/src/_numtype/__init__.pyi b/src/_numtype/__init__.pyi
index 7b379a54..0f23e443 100644
--- a/src/_numtype/__init__.pyi
+++ b/src/_numtype/__init__.pyi
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from typing import Any, TypeAlias, type_check_only
 from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAliasType, TypeVar
 
 import numpy as np
-from numpy._typing import _NestedSequence
+from numpy._typing import _NestedSequence  # noqa: PLC2701
 
 from . import op as op
 from ._array import (
diff --git a/src/_numtype/_dtype.pyi b/src/_numtype/_dtype.pyi
index 489c6230..43dd52c3 100644
--- a/src/_numtype/_dtype.pyi
+++ b/src/_numtype/_dtype.pyi
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# ruff: noqa: PLC2701
+
 import ctypes as ct
 from typing import Any, TypeAlias, type_check_only
 from typing_extensions import Protocol, TypeAliasType, TypeVar
diff --git a/src/_numtype/_nep50.pyi b/src/_numtype/_nep50.pyi
index 1294791b..dcf8bdb1 100644
--- a/src/_numtype/_nep50.pyi
+++ b/src/_numtype/_nep50.pyi
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from typing import Any, Protocol, TypeAlias, type_check_only
 from typing_extensions import TypeAliasType, TypeVar
 
 import numpy as np
-from numpy._typing import _NestedSequence
+from numpy._typing import _NestedSequence  # noqa: PLC2701
 
 from . import _shape
 from ._rank import Rank0
diff --git a/src/numpy-stubs/.ruff.toml b/src/numpy-stubs/.ruff.toml
index ffbbc2b6..5a74e5e2 100644
--- a/src/numpy-stubs/.ruff.toml
+++ b/src/numpy-stubs/.ruff.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ line-length = 120
 [lint]
 extend-ignore = [
   "A", # flake8-builtins
+  "N", # pep8-naming
   "ANN401", # flake8-annotations: any-type
   "SLF001", # flake8-self: private-member-access
-  "PLR2044", # pylint/R: empty-comment
+  "PLC2701", # pylint/convention: import-private-name
+  "PLR2044", # pylint/refactor: empty-comment
 ]
diff --git a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/.ruff.toml b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/.ruff.toml
index 0285bcd7..71cd44ee 100644
--- a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/.ruff.toml
+++ b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/.ruff.toml
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-extend = "../../../pyproject.toml"
+extend = "../.ruff.toml"
 line-length = 88
 
 [lint]
 extend-ignore = [
   "D", # pydocstyle
-  "FBT", # flake8-boolean-trap
+  "FBT003", # flake8-boolean-trap: boolean-positional-value-in-call
   "PYI054", # flake8-pyi: numeric-literal-too-long
 ]
diff --git a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/arithmetic.py b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/arithmetic.py
index 2e7bcbbf..330168ff 100644
--- a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/arithmetic.py
+++ b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/arithmetic.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 class Object:
     def __array__(
-        self, dtype: npt.DTypeLike = None, copy: bool | None = None
+        self, dtype: npt.DTypeLike = None, *, copy: bool | None = None
     ) -> npt.NDArray[np.object_]:
         ret = np.empty((), dtype=np.object_)
         ret[()] = self
diff --git a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/random.py b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/random.py
index b0bd6e41..c0a6a374 100644
--- a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/random.py
+++ b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/random.py
@@ -1462,7 +1462,7 @@
 random_st.randint(I_i8_low, I_i8_high_open, dtype=np.int64)
 random_st.randint(-9223372036854775808, I_i8_high_open, dtype=np.int64)
 
-bg: np.random.BitGenerator = random_st._bit_generator  # noqa: SLF001
+bg: np.random.BitGenerator = random_st._bit_generator
 
 random_st.bytes(2)
 
diff --git a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/ufunclike.py b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/ufunclike.py
index d89b0bc8..1f183536 100644
--- a/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/ufunclike.py
+++ b/src/numpy-stubs/@test/runtime/legacy/ufunclike.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def __ge__(self, value: object) -> bool:
         return True
 
     def __array__(
-        self, dtype: npt.DTypeLike | None = None, copy: bool | None = None
+        self, dtype: npt.DTypeLike | None = None, *, copy: bool | None = None
     ) -> np.ndarray[Any, np.dtype[np.object_]]:
         ret = np.empty((), dtype=object)
         ret[()] = self