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Author: dham

2_programs_in_files.html

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ <h3><span class="section-number">2.2.1. </span>Installing packages from PyPI<a c
 distributed from PyPI. Suppose your venv doesn’t have <a class="reference external" href="https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/index.html#module-numpy" title="(in NumPy v1.19)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">numpy</span></code></a>
 installed and you need it. You would install it with the following
 terminal command:</p>
-<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(my_venv)</span> <span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m pip install numpy
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(my_venv)</span> <span class="gp">$</span> python -m pip install numpy
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>It is also possible to invoke pip directly using the command <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip3</span></code>,
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ <h3><span class="section-number">2.2.1. </span>Installing packages from PyPI<a c
 likely that pip will install more packages than those you directly
 asked for. This is necessary if those packages are to actually work.</p>
 <p>Pip can also be used to upgrade a package to the latest version:</p>
-<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(my_venv)</span> <span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m pip install --upgrade numpy
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(my_venv)</span> <span class="gp">$</span> python -m pip install --upgrade numpy
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </div>
@@ -231,24 +231,29 @@ <h3><span class="section-number">2.4.1. </span>A first Python script<a class="he
 disk from the text editor, we can now run the program. Open a
 terminal, and change to the folder (directory) where you saved
 <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hello.py</span></code>. For example, if <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hello.py</span></code> is in the directory <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src</span></code> in
-your home directory, then you would type the following:</p>
+your home directory, then on most operating systems, you would type the following:</p>
 <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> <span class="nb">cd</span> src
 <span class="gp">$</span> python3 hello.py
 </pre></div>
 </div>
-<p>The dollar sign is the command prompt. Its different on some systems,
-for example, it’s often a greater than sign (<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code>). The text to the left
-of the command prompt might also be different depending on which
-terminal program you are using on which operating system, but we are
-only concerned with the commands to the right of the prompt. The first
-of these, <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cd</span></code> (<em>change directory</em>) switches the current folder to
-<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src</span></code>. The second command actually runs the Python interpreter on
-<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hello.py</span></code>. Depending on what is installed on your computer, it might
-also be possible to leave off the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code> at the end of <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code>, however
-on some systems the plain <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span></code> command is still linked to the old
-version 2 of Python, so it’s better to be explicit and type
-<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code>. When we press the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">enter</kbd> key after the last line above,
-our tiny Python script <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hello.py</span></code> runs and the following is displayed:</p>
+<p>on Windows you might instead need to type:</p>
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">&gt;</span> <span class="nb">cd</span> src
+<span class="gp">&gt;</span> py hello.py
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>The dollar sign is the command prompt. Its different on some systems, for
+example, it’s often a greater than sign (<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&gt;</span></code>). The text to the left of the
+command prompt might also be different depending on which terminal program you
+are using on which operating system, but we are only concerned with the commands
+to the right of the prompt. The first of these, <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cd</span></code> (<em>change directory</em>)
+switches the current folder to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">src</span></code>. The second command actually runs the
+Python interpreter on <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hello.py</span></code>. Depending on what is installed on your
+computer, it might also be possible to leave off the <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">3</span></code> at the end of
+<code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code>, however on some systems the plain <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span></code> command is still linked to
+the old version 2 of Python, so it’s better to be explicit and type <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code>.
+Once we start working with Python <a class="reference internal" href="#term-virtual-environment"><span class="xref std std-term">virtual environments</span></a>, it will always be safe to use <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span></code> without the 3. When we
+press the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">enter</kbd> key after the last line above, our tiny Python script
+<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">hello.py</span></code> runs and the following is displayed:</p>
 <div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="go">Hello World</span>
 </pre></div>
 </div>
@@ -598,7 +603,7 @@ <h3><span class="section-number">2.6.3. </span>Installing a package from local c
 (hopefully a git repository!) on your local computer. This is usually
 the case where you are developing the package yourself. In this case,
 you would type:</p>
-<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(my_venv)</span> <span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m pip install -e folder/
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp gp-VirtualEnv">(my_venv)</span> <span class="gp">$</span> python -m pip install -e folder/
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>replacing <code class="xref py py-obj docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">folder</span></code> with the name of the top-level folder of your
@@ -647,7 +652,7 @@ <h2><span class="section-number">2.7. </span>Testing frameworks<a class="headerl
 concepts are largely similar so rather than get bogged down in the
 details of multiple frameworks, we will introduce <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/index.html" title="(in pytest v6.3.0.dev93+g42d5545f4)"><span class="xref std std-doc">pytest</span></a>, which is one of the most widely used. Pytest is simply a Python
 package, so you can install it into your current environment using:</p>
-<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m pip install pytest
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m pip install pytest
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="pytest-tests">

4_style.html

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ <h3><span class="section-number">4.2.1. </span>Linters<a class="headerlink" href
 <h3><span class="section-number">4.2.2. </span>Installing flake8<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-flake8" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
 <p>Flake8 is a Python package, which can be installed using pip. Make sure you’ve
 activated your <a class="reference internal" href="2_programs_in_files.html#term-virtual-environment"><span class="xref std std-term">virtual environment</span></a> and then run:</p>
-<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m pip install flake8
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m pip install flake8
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 <p>This is enough to run flake8 on the command line, however you will probably want

9_debugging.html

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ <h3><span class="section-number">9.1.1. </span>Obtaining <code class="xref py py
 <p>Because <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ipdb</span></code> does not form a part of the standard library, you
 may not always find it installed by default. However, it’s simply a
 Python package so you can install it with:</p>
-<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python3 -m pip install ipdb
+<div class="highlight-console notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> python -m pip install ipdb
 </pre></div>
 </div>
 </div>

_sources/2_programs_in_files.rst.txt

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ terminal command:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   (my_venv) $ python3 -m pip install numpy
+   (my_venv) $ python -m pip install numpy
 
 It is also possible to invoke pip directly using the command `pip3`,
 but there are some circumstances where that might result in pip using
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Pip can also be used to upgrade a package to the latest version:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   (my_venv) $ python3 -m pip install --upgrade numpy
+   (my_venv) $ python -m pip install --upgrade numpy
 
 The Python interpreter
 ----------------------
@@ -189,26 +189,35 @@ the file as a Python file. Having remembered to save :file:`hello.py` to
 disk from the text editor, we can now run the program. Open a
 terminal, and change to the folder (directory) where you saved
 :file:`hello.py`. For example, if :file:`hello.py` is in the directory :file:`src` in
-your home directory, then you would type the following:
+your home directory, then on most operating systems, you would type the following:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ cd src
-   $ python3 hello.py
-
-The dollar sign is the command prompt. Its different on some systems,
-for example, it's often a greater than sign (`>`). The text to the left
-of the command prompt might also be different depending on which
-terminal program you are using on which operating system, but we are
-only concerned with the commands to the right of the prompt. The first
-of these, `cd` (*change directory*) switches the current folder to
-:file:`src`. The second command actually runs the Python interpreter on
-:file:`hello.py`. Depending on what is installed on your computer, it might
-also be possible to leave off the `3` at the end of `python3`, however
-on some systems the plain `python` command is still linked to the old
-version 2 of Python, so it's better to be explicit and type
-`python3`. When we press the :kbd:`enter` key after the last line above,
-our tiny Python script :file:`hello.py` runs and the following is displayed:
+    $ cd src
+    $ python3 hello.py
+
+on Windows you might instead need to type:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    > cd src
+    > py hello.py
+
+
+The dollar sign is the command prompt. Its different on some systems, for
+example, it's often a greater than sign (`>`). The text to the left of the
+command prompt might also be different depending on which terminal program you
+are using on which operating system, but we are only concerned with the commands
+to the right of the prompt. The first of these, `cd` (*change directory*)
+switches the current folder to :file:`src`. The second command actually runs the
+Python interpreter on :file:`hello.py`. Depending on what is installed on your
+computer, it might also be possible to leave off the `3` at the end of
+`python3`, however on some systems the plain `python` command is still linked to
+the old version 2 of Python, so it's better to be explicit and type `python3`.
+Once we start working with Python :term:`virtual environments <virtual
+environment>`, it will always be safe to use `python` without the 3. When we
+press the :kbd:`enter` key after the last line above, our tiny Python script
+:file:`hello.py` runs and the following is displayed:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
@@ -616,7 +625,7 @@ you would type:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   (my_venv) $ python3 -m pip install -e folder/
+   (my_venv) $ python -m pip install -e folder/
 
 replacing `folder` with the name of the top-level folder of your
 repository: the folder containing :file:`setup.py`. The option flag `-e`
@@ -669,7 +678,7 @@ package, so you can install it into your current environment using:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ python3 -m pip install pytest
+    $ python -m pip install pytest
 
 Pytest tests
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~

_sources/4_style.rst.txt

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ activated your :term:`virtual environment` and then run:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-    $ python3 -m pip install flake8
+    $ python -m pip install flake8
 
 This is enough to run flake8 on the command line, however you will probably want
 to set up your editor to highlight flake8 incompatibilities in your source. For

_sources/9_debugging.rst.txt

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Python package so you can install it with:
 
 .. code-block:: console
 
-   $ python3 -m pip install ipdb
+   $ python -m pip install ipdb
 
 Postmortem debugging
 ....................