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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-CA"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,height=device-height,initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><style>@media screen{body[data-bespoke-view=""] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=next] .bespoke-marp-parent>.bespoke-marp-osc>button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-info-container button,body[data-bespoke-view=presenter] .bespoke-marp-presenter-container .bespoke-marp-presenter-note-container button{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-size:inherit;opacity:.8;outline:none;padding:0;transition:opacity .2s 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<h1>WEB230: JavaScript 1</h1>
<h1>Module 7: Forms</h1>
</section>
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<h2>Forms</h2>
<ul>
<li>Originally designed for the pre-JavaScript Web
<ul>
<li>Allow websites to send user-submitted information to a server</li>
<li>Assumes that interaction with the server always navigates to a new page</li>
<li>That has changed with modern JS but we won't be covering that</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
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<h2>DOM</h2>
<ul>
<li>Form elements are part of the DOM
<ul>
<li>A number of properties and events that are not present on other elements</li>
<li>Make it possible to inspect and control form fields with JavaScript</li>
<li>Add new functionality to a form or use forms as building blocks in a JavaScript application</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
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<h2>Form fields</h2>
<ul>
<li>A web form consists of any number of input fields associated with a <code><form></code> tag.</li>
<li>HTML allows several different styles of fields:
<ul>
<li>simple on/off checkboxes</li>
<li>text input fields</li>
<li>drop-down menus</li>
<li>etc.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h1><code><input></code> Fields</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Most form fields use the <code><input></code> tag</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>type</code> attribute selects the field’s style</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Commonly used <code><input></code> types:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>text</code> A single-line text field</li>
<li><code>password</code> Same as text but hides the text that is typed</li>
<li><code>checkbox</code> An on/off switch</li>
<li><code>radio</code> (Part of) a multiple-choice field</li>
<li><code>file</code> Allows the user to choose a file from their computer</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h1>Form-less fields</h1>
<ul>
<li>Fields do not have to appear in a <code><form></code> tag</li>
<li>Form-less fields cannot be submitted (only a form can)</li>
<li>Can use them with JavaScript</li>
<li>JavaScript interface for such elements differs with the type of the element</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Example</h2>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"abc"</span> /></span> (text)<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"password"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"abc"</span> /></span> (password)<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"checkbox"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">checked</span> /></span> (checkbox)<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"radio"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"A"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"choice"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"radio"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"B"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"choice"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">checked</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"radio"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"C"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"choice"</span> /></span> (radio)
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"file"</span> /></span> (file)<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">p</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code><textarea></code> Field</h2>
<ul>
<li>Multiline text field</li>
<li>Requires a matching <code></textarea></code> closing tag</li>
<li>uses the text content, instead of the <code>value</code> attribute, as starting text</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">textarea</span>></span>
one
two
three
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">textarea</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code><select></code> Field</h2>
<ul>
<li>Used to create a field that allows the user to select from a number of predefined options</li>
<li>Whenever the value of a form field changes, it will fire a "change" event</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">select</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>Pancakes<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>Pudding<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>Ice cream<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">select</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Focus</h2>
<ul>
<li>Form fields can get keyboard focus</li>
<li>When clicked or activated they become the currently active element and will get keyboard input</li>
<li>You can type into a text field only when it is focused</li>
<li>Other fields respond differently to keyboard events
<ul>
<li><code><select></code> menu tries to move to the option that contains the text the user typed and responds to the arrow keys by moving its selection up and down</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="11" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Giving Focus</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>.focus()</code> method moves focus to the DOM element it is called on</li>
<li><code>.blur()</code> method removes focus</li>
<li>The value of <code>document.activeElement</code> corresponds to the currently focused element</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Example</h2>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'input'</span>).focus();
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.activeElement.tagName);
<span class="hljs-comment">// → INPUT</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'input'</span>).blur();
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.activeElement.tagName);
<span class="hljs-comment">// → BODY</span>
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="13" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>autofocus</code> Attribute</h2>
<ul>
<li>HTML provides the <code>autofocus</code> attribute</li>
<li>give that element focus when the page is opened</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="14" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>tabindex</code> Attribute</h2>
<ul>
<li>User can move the focus through the document by pressing the TAB key</li>
<li>Can set the order in which elements receive focus with the <code>tabindex</code> attribute</li>
<li>The following example document will let the focus jump from the text input to the OK button, rather than going through the help link first:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">tabindex</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"1"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">a</span> <span class="hljs-attr">href</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"."</span>></span>(help)<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">a</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">button</span> <span class="hljs-attr">onclick</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"console.log('ok')"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">tabindex</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"2"</span>></span>OK<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">button</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="15" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>tabindex</code> Attribute Continued …</h2>
<ul>
<li>Most types of HTML elements cannot be focused
<ul>
<li>make it focusable by adding a <code>tabindex</code> attribute</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>tabindex="-1"</code> makes tabbing skip over an element</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Disabled fields</h2>
<ul>
<li>Form fields can be disabled through their <code>disabled</code> attribute</li>
<li>It is a boolean attribute (can be specified without value)</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">button</span>></span>I'm all right<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">button</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">button</span> <span class="hljs-attr">disabled</span>></span>I'm out<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">button</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Disabled fields cannot be focused or changed</li>
<li>Browsers display them as gray and faded</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>The Form as a Whole</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fields contained in a <code><form></code> element will have a <code>form</code> property
<ul>
<li>linking back to the form’s DOM element</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <code><form></code> element has a property called <code>elements</code>
<ul>
<li>contains an array-like collection of the fields inside it</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <code>name</code> attribute of a form field determines the way its value will be identified when the form is submitted</li>
<li>Also used as a property name on the form’s <code>elements</code> property
<ul>
<li>acts both as an array (accessible by number) and an object (accessible by name)</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h3>Example</h3>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">form</span> <span class="hljs-attr">action</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"example/submit.html"</span>></span>
Name: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span> /></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">br</span> /></span>
Password: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"password"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"password"</span> /></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">br</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">button</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"submit"</span>></span>Log in<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">button</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">form</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> form = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'form'</span>);
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(form.elements[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>].type);
<span class="hljs-comment">// → password</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(form.elements.password.type);
<span class="hljs-comment">// → password</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(form.elements.name.form === form);
<span class="hljs-comment">// → true</span>
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="19" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Submit Button</h2>
<ul>
<li>A button with <code>type="submit"</code> will cause the form to be submitted</li>
<li>Pressing ENTER when a form field is focused has the same effect</li>
<li>Before that happens, a "submit" event is fired</li>
<li>You can handle this event with JavaScript and prevent this default behavior by calling <code>.preventDefault()</code> on the event object</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="20" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Example</h2>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">form</span> <span class="hljs-attr">action</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"example/submit.html"</span>></span>
Value: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"value"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">button</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"submit"</span>></span>Save<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">button</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">form</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> form = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'form'</span>);
form.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'submit'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">event</span>) =></span> {
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="hljs-string">'Saving value'</span>, form.elements.value.value);
event.preventDefault();
});
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="21" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Intercepting <code>submit</code> Events</h2>
<p>Why intercept the <code>submit</code> event?</p>
<ul>
<li>Form validation - verify that the values make sense and immediately show an error message</li>
<li>Can disable submitting the form and have our program handle the input</li>
</ul>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="22" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Text fields</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fields that contain text such as <code><input type="text"></code>, <code><textarea></code>, etc, share a common interface</li>
<li>These DOM elements have a <code>value</code> property that holds their current content as a string</li>
<li>Setting this property to another string changes the field’s content</li>
</ul>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="23" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>selectionStart</code> and <code>selectionEnd</code></h2>
<ul>
<li>Provide information about the cursor and selection in the text</li>
<li>When nothing is selected, these two properties hold the same number, indicating the position of the cursor</li>
<li>0 indicates the start of the text, and 10 indicates the cursor is after the 10th character</li>
<li>When part of the field is selected, the two properties will differ, giving us the start and end of the selected text.</li>
<li>These properties may also be written to</li>
</ul>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="24" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Example</h2>
<p>Imagine you are writing an article about Khasekhemwy but have some trouble spelling his name. The following code wires up a <code><textarea></code> tag with an event handler that, when you press F2, inserts the string “Khasekhemwy” for you.</p>
<footer>WEB230: Forms</footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="25" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;"><pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">textarea</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">textarea</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> textarea = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'textarea'</span>);
textarea.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'keydown'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">(<span class="hljs-params">event</span>) =></span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (event.key === <span class="hljs-string">'F2'</span>) {
replaceSelection(textarea, <span class="hljs-string">'Khasekhemwy'</span>);
event.preventDefault();
}
});
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">function</span> <span class="hljs-title">replaceSelection</span>(<span class="hljs-params">field, word</span>) </span>{
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> = field.selectionStart,
to = field.selectionEnd;
field.value = field.value.slice(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span>) + word + field.value.slice(to);
field.selectionStart = <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> + word.length; <span class="hljs-comment">// Put the cursor after the word</span>
field.selectionEnd = <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> + word.length;
}
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h3>Explanation of Example</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>replaceSelection</code></p>
<ul>
<li>replaces the currently selected part of a text field with the given word an</li>
<li>then moves the cursor after that word</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <code>keydown</code> event fires when a key is pressed</p>
</li>
</ul>
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</section>
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<h2><code>change</code> Event</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <code>change</code> event for a text field fires when the field loses focus after its content was changed</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>To respond immediately to changes in a text field, you should register a handler for the <code>input</code> event</p>
<ul>
<li>fires every time the user types a character, deletes text, or otherwise changes the field’s content</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="28" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Counter Example</h2>
<p>The following example shows a text field and a counter displaying the current length of the text in the field:</p>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"text"</span> /></span> length: <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"length"</span>></span>0<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> text = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'input'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> output = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'#length'</span>);
text.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'input'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">() =></span> {
output.textContent = text.value.length;
});
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="29" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Checkboxes and Radio Buttons</h2>
<ul>
<li>A checkbox field is a binary toggle</li>
<li>Get value from <code>checked</code> property - Boolean value</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"checkbox"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"purple"</span> /></span> Make this page purple <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> checkbox = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'#purple'</span>);
checkbox.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'change'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">() =></span> {
<span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.body.style.background = checkbox.checked ? <span class="hljs-string">'mediumpurple'</span> : <span class="hljs-string">''</span>;
});
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="30" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code><label></code> Tag</h2>
<ul>
<li>Associates a piece of document with an input field</li>
<li>Clicking anywhere on the label will activate the field
<ul>
<li>text field - focuses it</li>
<li>checkbox or radio button - toggles its value</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="31" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Radio Buttons</h2>
<ul>
<li>A radio button is similar to a checkbox</li>
<li>implicitly linked to other radio buttons with the same name</li>
<li>only one of them can be active at any time</li>
</ul>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="32" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Example</h2>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap>Color:
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"radio"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"color"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"orange"</span> /></span> Orange <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"radio"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"color"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"lightgreen"</span> /></span> Green <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"radio"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"color"</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"lightblue"</span> /></span> Blue <span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">label</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> buttons = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelectorAll(<span class="hljs-string">'[name=color]'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> button <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> buttons) {
button.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'change'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">() =></span> {
<span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.body.style.background = button.value;
});
}
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="33" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>select</code> fields</h2>
<ul>
<li>Conceptually similar to radio buttons
<ul>
<li>allow the user to choose from a set of options</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>appearance of a <code><select></code> tag is determined by browser</li>
</ul>
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<h2><code>multiple</code> Attribute</h2>
<ul>
<li>Select fields variant that is more like a list of checkboxes</li>
<li>With <code>multiple</code> attribute, a <code><select></code> tag will allow the user to select any number of options</li>
</ul>
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<h2><code>select</code> field Value</h2>
<ul>
<li>Each <code><option></code> tag has a value
<ul>
<li>This value can be defined with a <code>value</code> attribute</li>
<li>When not given, the text inside the option will count as its value</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The value property of a <code><select></code> element reflects the currently selected option</li>
</ul>
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<h2><code>option</code> Tag</h2>
<ul>
<li>The <code><option></code> tags can be accessed as an array-like object using <code>options</code> property</li>
<li>Each option has a bolean property called <code>selected</code>
<ul>
<li>Indicates whether that option is currently selected</li>
<li>Can also be written to select or deselect an option</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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</section>
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<h2>Example</h2>
<p>Hold control (or command on a Mac) to select multiple options.</p>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">select</span> <span class="hljs-attr">multiple</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"1"</span>></span>0001<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"2"</span>></span>0010<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"4"</span>></span>0100<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">option</span> <span class="hljs-attr">value</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"8"</span>></span>1000<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">option</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">select</span>></span>
= <span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">span</span> <span class="hljs-attr">id</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"output"</span>></span>0<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">span</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> select = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'select'</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> output = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'#output'</span>);
select.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'change'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">() =></span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> number = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> option <span class="hljs-keyword">of</span> select.options) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (option.selected) {
number += <span class="hljs-built_in">Number</span>(option.value);
}
}
output.textContent = number;
});
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="38" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>file</code> Field</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>file</code> field was designed to upload files from the user</li>
<li>Also provides a way to read such files from JavaScript programs</li>
<li>The field acts as a gatekeeper
<ul>
<li>It gives the browser permission to read the file</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>A <code>file</code> field is a button labeled with “Choose File” or “Browse”, with information about the chosen file next to it</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Example</h2>
<pre><code class="language-html"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">input</span> <span class="hljs-attr">type</span>=<span class="hljs-string">"file"</span> /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span><span class="javascript">
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> input = <span class="hljs-built_in">document</span>.querySelector(<span class="hljs-string">'input'</span>);
input.addEventListener(<span class="hljs-string">'change'</span>, <span class="hljs-function">() =></span> {
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (input.files.length > <span class="hljs-number">0</span>) {
<span class="hljs-keyword">let</span> file = input.files[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>];
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="hljs-string">'You chose'</span>, file.name);
<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (file.type) <span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="hljs-string">'It has type'</span>, file.type);
}
});
</span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">script</span>></span>
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="40" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2><code>file</code> field Properties</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>.files</code> - an array-like object containing the files chosen in the field</p>
<ul>
<li>It is initially empty</li>
<li>Also support a <code>multiple</code> attribute, which makes it possible to select multiple files</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Objects in <code>files</code> have properties such as <code>name</code>, <code>size</code>, and <code>type</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Does not have is a property that contains the content of the file</p>
<ul>
<li>Getting at that is a little more involved</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Storing Data Client-Side</h2>
<ul>
<li><code>localStorage</code> object is used to store data in a way that survives page reloads</li>
<li>Allows you to store string values under names</li>
</ul>
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</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="42" data-footer="WEB230: Forms" data-theme="gaia" style="--footer:WEB230: Forms;--theme:gaia;">
<h2>Adding items to <code>localstorage</code></h2>
<ul>
<li>Add items with <code>localStorage.setItem(name, value)</code></li>
<li><code>name</code> and <code>value</code> are strings</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Reading items from <code>localstorage</code></h2>
<ul>
<li>Read items with <code>localStorage.getItem(name)</code></li>
<li><code>name</code> is a strings</li>
<li>Returns a string with the value</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Removing items from <code>localstorage</code></h2>
<ul>
<li>Remains in the browser until it is overwritten
<ul>
<li>It can be removed with <code>localStorage.removeItem(name)</code></li>
<li>Or if the user clears their local data</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<h2>Example</h2>
<pre><code class="language-javascript"><svg data-marp-fitting="svg" data-marp-fitting-code><foreignObject><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content><span data-marp-fitting-svg-content-wrap><span class="hljs-built_in">localStorage</span>.setItem(<span class="hljs-string">'username'</span>, <span class="hljs-string">'marijn'</span>);
<span class="hljs-built_in">console</span>.log(<span class="hljs-built_in">localStorage</span>.getItem(<span class="hljs-string">'username'</span>));
<span class="hljs-comment">// → marijn</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">localStorage</span>.removeItem(<span class="hljs-string">'username'</span>);
</span></span></foreignObject></svg></code></pre>
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<h2><code>localstorage</code> Details</h2>
<ul>
<li>Can only store strings</li>
<li>Sites from different domains get different storage compartments</li>
<li>A website can only read its own data</li>
<li>Limit to the data stored per site
<ul>
<li>Prevents using too much space</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<h1>☀</h1>
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</script></foreignObject></svg></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="0" tabindex="0"><p>formatted for Marp
Author: Phil Aylesworth
Date: 2021-11-16</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="1" tabindex="0"><p>page_number: true</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="6" tabindex="0"><p>01inputs.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="7" tabindex="0"><p>02textarea.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="8" tabindex="0"><p>03option.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="11" tabindex="0"><p>04textinput.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="13" tabindex="0"><p>05tabindex.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="15" tabindex="0"><p>06disabled.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="17" tabindex="0"><p>07wholeform.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="19" tabindex="0"><p>08submit.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="24" tabindex="0"><p>09selection.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="27" tabindex="0"><p>10counter.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="28" tabindex="0"><p>11checkbox.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="31" tabindex="0"><p>12radio.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="36" tabindex="0"><p>13select.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="38" tabindex="0"><p>14file.html</p></div><div class="bespoke-marp-note" data-index="44" tabindex="0"><p>15localstorage.html</p></div><script>/*!! License: https://unpkg.com/@marp-team/marp-cli@1.7.0/lib/bespoke.js.LICENSE.txt */
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