diff --git a/app.py b/app.py
index 715145c..90a9daa 100644
--- a/app.py
+++ b/app.py
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
+import hmac
 import os
 import pprint
 
 from flask import Flask, request
-from jose import ExpiredSignatureError, JWTError, jwt
+from jose import JWTError, jwt
+from markupsafe import escape
 
 app = Flask(__name__, static_url_path="/", static_folder="public")
 
 SECRET_HEADER = "X-Perc-App-Secret"
+# Only symmetric HMAC is expected; pin it so the token's own header can't
+# select a different (or weaker) algorithm.
+ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS = ["HS256"]
 SHOW_TOKEN_HTML = """
     <h1>jwt</h1>
     <pre>{token}</pre>
@@ -40,12 +45,20 @@ def echo_jwt():
         return "No JWT found in request"
 
     try:
-        payload = jwt.decode(token, app_secret, options={"verify_aud": False})
+        payload = jwt.decode(
+            token,
+            app_secret,
+            algorithms=ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS,
+            options={"verify_aud": False},
+        )
     except JWTError:
-        return SHOW_INVALID_TOKEN_HTML.format(token=token)
+        # token is attacker-controlled and reflected into the response, so it
+        # MUST be HTML-escaped to prevent reflected XSS.
+        return SHOW_INVALID_TOKEN_HTML.format(token=escape(token))
 
     return SHOW_TOKEN_HTML.format(
-        token=token, decoded_token=pprint.pformat(payload, indent=4)
+        token=escape(token),
+        decoded_token=escape(pprint.pformat(payload, indent=4)),
     )
 
 
@@ -60,15 +73,15 @@ def lifecycle_callback():
     app_secret = get_app_secret()
     if not app_secret:
         print("Cannot validate request, no APP_SECRET environment variable defined")
-    elif header_secret != app_secret:
+    elif not header_secret or not hmac.compare_digest(header_secret, app_secret):
         print(
             "WARNING! This request may not have come from Percolate, the "
             "X-Perc-App-Secret header value does not match the APP_SECRET environment "
             "variable!"
         )
 
-    message = '"/{}" lifecycle callback endpoint called with data: \n{}'.format(
-        request.base_url.split("/")[-1], request.get_json()
+    message = '"{}" lifecycle callback endpoint called with data: \n{}'.format(
+        request.path, request.get_json()
     )
     print(message)
     return "{}\n".format(message)
@@ -80,4 +93,7 @@ def hello():
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    app.run(debug=True, port=8000)
+    # Never default to the Werkzeug debugger in a network-exposed app (the
+    # README walks users through exposing this via ngrok). Opt in explicitly.
+    debug = os.environ.get("FLASK_DEBUG", "").lower() in ("1", "true", "yes")
+    app.run(debug=debug, port=8000)
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 9f9c1d3..8a3f6d2 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-Click==7.0
-Flask==1.1.1
-gunicorn==19.9.0
-itsdangerous==1.1.0
-Jinja2==2.10.1
-MarkupSafe==1.1.1
-Werkzeug==0.15.5
-python-jose==3.0.1
+Flask>=3.0.3
+gunicorn>=22.0.0
+python-jose>=3.4.0